The 2 Affricate Sounds | tʃ & dʒ | English Pronunciation
Summary
TLDRThis video discusses affricate sounds in English, focusing on two main ones: 'ch' (unvoiced) and 'j' (voiced). It explains how affricates are formed by combining a plosive (like 't' or 'd') and a fricative ('sh' or 'zh'), resulting in a new sound. The video provides detailed articulation techniques for both sounds, shares examples of common words, and explores spelling patterns associated with them. It also highlights voiced vs. unvoiced affricates and provides minimal pairs to practice, emphasizing the importance of correct pronunciation in avoiding misunderstandings.
Takeaways
- 🗣️ English has two affricate sounds: 'ch' (unvoiced) and 'j' (voiced).
- 📢 Affricates are consonant sounds formed by combining a plosive and a fricative.
- 🎯 The unvoiced 'ch' is formed by first producing the plosive 't' and then adding the fricative 'sh'.
- 🔊 The voiced 'j' is created by combining the plosive 'd' and the fricative 'zh', with vocal cords engaged.
- 💥 Affricates begin with a plosive (stop sound), followed by a fricative, and form a new, singular sound.
- 👅 The 'ch' sound is produced by placing the tongue on the alveolar ridge and releasing the closure for a sharp sound.
- 🎓 The voiced 'j' sound requires vocal cord vibration and is also formed with the tongue positioned near the alveolar ridge.
- 📖 Common spelling patterns for 'ch' include 'ch' (child, chicken) and 'tch' (catch, match).
- 📝 The 'j' sound is often spelled with 'j' (jump, juice), 'g' (age, large), or 'dg' (bridge, judge).
- ⚖️ Minimal pairs (rich vs. ridge, sheep vs. jeep) highlight the importance of distinguishing 'ch' and 'j' sounds to avoid changing word meanings.
Q & A
What are affricate sounds in English?
-Affricate sounds in English are a combination of a plosive (stop) followed by a fricative, creating a new sound. The two main affricates in English are 'ch' (unvoiced) and 'j' (voiced).
How is the unvoiced affricate 'ch' formed?
-The unvoiced affricate 'ch' is formed by first creating a plosive sound ('t') where the tongue touches the alveolar ridge behind the teeth, followed by a fricative sound ('sh') as air escapes through a narrow passage in the mouth.
What is the main difference between voiced and unvoiced affricates?
-The main difference is that voiced affricates, like 'j', involve using the vocal cords, whereas unvoiced affricates, like 'ch', do not.
What are some common words that contain the 'ch' sound?
-Common words with the 'ch' sound include child, chicken, beach, catch, match, picture, and nature.
How is the voiced affricate 'j' formed?
-The voiced affricate 'j' is formed by first creating the plosive sound 'd' (using the vocal cords), followed by the fricative sound 'ʒ', similar to the 'sh' sound but voiced.
What are some common words that contain the 'j' sound?
-Words containing the 'j' sound include jump, juice, just, major, enjoy, age, large, and judge.
What spelling patterns can represent the 'ch' sound in English?
-The 'ch' sound is typically represented by 'ch' or 'tch' in words like child and match. In some cases, the sound is represented by 't' as in picture and nature.
What spelling patterns can represent the 'j' sound in English?
-The 'j' sound can be spelled with 'j' (jump, juice), 'g' (age, large), or 'dg' (bridge, judge). It can also be represented by 'd' followed by 'u' or 'dj' in fast speech, like in education or graduate.
What are minimal pairs, and how do they relate to affricates?
-Minimal pairs are words that differ by only one sound, and for affricates, this could mean pairs like 'rich' and 'ridge' or 'sheep' and 'jeep'. Incorrectly pronouncing the affricate sound could change the meaning of the word.
Why is it important to distinguish between voiced and unvoiced affricates in English?
-It is important because voiced and unvoiced affricates can create different words with distinct meanings, as in the case of minimal pairs like 'cherry' and 'Jerry'. Proper pronunciation affects meaning and clarity in communication.
Outlines
🗣️ Introduction to Affricate Sounds in English
This paragraph introduces affricate sounds in English, specifically the sounds 'ch' (unvoiced) and 'j' (voiced). Affricates are referred to as semiplosives because they begin with a plosive followed by a fricative. The example of the affricate 'ch' is explained, where the first sound is a plosive and the second is a fricative, which together form a new sound. The articulation process of the sound 'ch' is detailed, highlighting the placement of the tongue and the release of air to produce the sound.
🔊 Voiced Affricate 'J' Sound and Spelling Variations
This paragraph focuses on the voiced affricate 'j' sound. It explains how this sound is formed similarly to 'ch', but with the vocal cords engaged. Words containing the 'j' sound are introduced, including various spelling patterns such as 'j', 'g', and 'dg'. The paragraph also covers the formation of minimal pairs, where small changes in pronunciation can result in different meanings, as seen in word pairs like 'rich' and 'ridge'.
🎯 Practicing Minimal Pairs for Affricates
This paragraph emphasizes the importance of practicing minimal pairs, which are word pairs that differ by only one sound. Examples of minimal pairs like 'rich' vs. 'ridge' and 'cherry' vs. 'jerry' are provided, helping learners avoid pronunciation mistakes that could change the meaning of words. It encourages practice to ensure correct pronunciation of affricate sounds, particularly in challenging word pairs.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Affricate
💡Plosive
💡Fricative
💡Unvoiced
💡Voiced
💡Alveolar Ridge
💡Minimal Pairs
💡Phonemic Transcription
💡Alveopalatal
💡Spelling Patterns
Highlights
Affricate sounds in English include 'cha' and 'ju', where 'cha' is unvoiced and 'ju' is voiced.
'Affricates' are also called 'semiplosives' because they start with a plosive sound and transition into a fricative.
Affricates are formed by combining a plosive sound with a fricative, creating a new consonant sound.
'Cha' is an unvoiced alveopalatal affricate formed by placing the tongue at the alveolar ridge and releasing air suddenly.
The plosive 't' in 'cha' is created by a closure at the alveolar ridge followed by a release, producing a small explosion sound.
The fricative 'sh' in 'cha' is formed by the tongue coming close to the palate without full closure, producing air friction.
The voiced version of the affricate is 'ju', created similarly to 'cha' but with the vocal cords engaged.
In 'ju', the voiced plosive 'd' forms by placing the tongue behind the teeth and releasing air while using the vocal cords.
In 'ju', the voiced fricative is formed like 'sh' but with the vocal cords vibrating to create the sound.
'Cha' is commonly spelled as 'ch' or 'tch' in words like 'child', 'chicken', 'beach', and 'match'.
'Ju' is often represented by the letter 'j' in words like 'jump', 'juice', 'just', and 'july'.
The sound 'ju' can also be represented by the letter 'g', as in 'age', 'large', and 'magic'.
Other spelling patterns for 'ju' include 'dg' in words like 'bridge', 'judge', and 'gadget'.
In fast speech, 'd+u' in words like 'education' and 'graduate' is pronounced as 'ju'.
Minimal pairs of 'cha' and 'ju' include pairs like 'rich/ridge', 'sheep/jeep', and 'cherry/jerry', highlighting the need for precision in pronunciation.
Transcripts
hello everybody
today we want to have a look at
affricate sounds
in english there are two
affricate sounds in english we have
cha and ju
the first sound ch is
unvoiced and the second one je
is voiced
now both of those sounds are consonant
sounds
and sometimes affricates are also called
semiplosive and that is
because they start with a plosive
let's have a look at that so
how are affricates formed
now when you have a look at the phonemic
transcript
you can see that ch
consists both of two individual
sounds we have a plosive
first the
and the second sound is a fricative
[Music]
so the first sound is a plosive remember
sometimes they are called stops
the second sound is a fricative and now
we put them together
to deform
and to form g
and they form one new sound
so they're not two separate sounds they
form
a new sound ch
now how is ch really formed
so i'll repeat first we have the
unvoiced plosive
and remember t is formed by putting the
tip of your tongue on the alveolar ridge
that is
just behind your teeth we have a closure
there
that is suddenly released and so the air
comes out and we can hear it
we can hear this mini explosion
the second sound the fricative is
sh you have to elevate your tongue a
little bit
just behind that alveolar ridge
the tongue comes close to the palette
but there's no full closure what we can
hear is the air friction
and now we're going to put both of those
together so
and together
it's quite a sharp sound and then
straight go to
shh becomes
so we also call this an unvoiced
alveopalatal affricate
sound it's quite a long name that is
important
for you who are studying phonology so
this is what the sound is called
let's have a look at some example words
containing we have
some very common words that i'm sure you
know already
for example the word child
child chicken
beach catch
match all of those words contain
the sound and the typical spelling
is ch or tch
here are some more examples of words
containing the sound
for example picture
future nature
feature creature
here the spelling is only
t but again that letter
is pronounced as ch
now what about the other affricate we
also have
a voiced version and it's actually very
similar the way they're formed the only
difference really is we use our vocal
chords
so we have the plosive d
it's formed in the same way as t but you
need to use your vocal chords to make
the sound
voiced d again there's closure
the tip of the tongue is just behind
your teeth
and is suddenly released to form the
sound
remember you can always do the check
with your hand
vocal chords are an action this is a
voiced sound
and then we have the fricative
again it's very similar the way we form
it to shh
the only difference really is that you
use your vocal cords
but the position of the tongue in the
mouth
is the same so de and
together become je
now here you have to put a little bit
more effort in compared to
che because you use your vocal chords so
d
[Music]
very good practice this a few times
until you get it right
now this sound is a voiced alveolar
palatal affricate sound again
very technical but for those of you
studying english phonology
this is important let's have a look at
some words containing the sound
for example jump
juice just
july major
enjoy a lot of very common words and you
can see
that here all of them have the same
spelling for the sound
ju the spelling is the letter
j this is the first spelling pattern
we could just have the letter j
representing
the sound je
but there are some more spelling
patterns let's have a look at some more
examples with
ja for example age
large magic
generous germany
teenager here all of the words
also have a j sound and that
j is represented by the letter g
so first we had j and now we have g and
both of those
have a j sound but there are some more
patterns
let's have a look at some more words
here
we have bridge
judge gadget
lodger knowledge
so another typical spelling is the
spelling pattern
d g
and that is not all and actually i just
wanted to say the word
judge has j twice we have a j
at the start and that is the le and the
sound ja
and then d and g and that is also just
so here you have
j ah j to form the word
judge the second example in my list
but there are some more spelling
patterns let's have a look at
the last set of words we also have the
word
soldier adjective
adjust education
graduate so other spelling patterns
could be
d dj or also
d plus u now education
can also be pronounced education
but very often when we speak fast it
actually becomes a j
education and the same for the last word
graduate usually becomes
graduate and the d u forms a
j in fast speech
there are of course some minimal pairs
as well
as always or
remember minimal pairs are pairs of
words
where all the sounds are exactly the
same apart from
one sound in the same position and so
that means we have to be very careful
because
if we get the sound wrong we actually
say
another word with a different meaning in
english so let's have a look at a couple
of minimal pairs for
ch we have first up
rich ridge
sheep jeep
cherry jerry
now jerry is a name that's why it has a
capital
j and last
h then the name of the letter
h and age
so practice these a few times to make
sure you get them right and you don't
say the wrong
word by mistake
you
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