ARTS Grade 9 (1st Quarter MAPEH)-Western Classical Art Sculptures of Medieval, Renaissance & Baroque
Summary
TLDRThis art history module delves into ancient to medieval sculptures, covering prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic periods. It highlights key sculptures like the Queen and Fertitti, Pharaoh Menkaure, Venus of Willendorf, and the Discobulus by Myron. The module explores materials, symbolism, and techniques, emphasizing the evolution from religious to more humanistic themes and the transition from simple to elaborate carvings, reflecting cultural shifts over time.
Takeaways
- 🎨 **Art Module 2 Overview**: This module continues the exploration of arts, focusing on sculptures from ancient classical and medieval periods, specifically lessons 4 to 6.
- 🗓️ **Timeline of Art Periods**: The module covers art from the Prehistoric and Egyptian era (1.5 million BC to 2000 BC), Greek and Roman art (2000 BC to 400 BC), and Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic periods (400 BC to 1480 AD).
- 🗿 **Lesson 4 - Early Age Sculptures**: Discusses the use of symbolic elements in prehistoric and Egyptian sculptures, with materials varying by region and a belief that some sculptures are results of natural erosion.
- 📜 **Egyptian Hieroglyphics**: Egyptian sculptures heavily used symbolism, including hieroglyphics, to represent gods and communicate, as exemplified by the carvings in caves.
- 👑 **Sculptures of Royal Figures**: Examples include the sculpture of Queen Nefertiti and Pharaoh Menkaure, highlighting the use of limestone and the portrayal of power and authority.
- 🌱 **Prehistoric Symbolism**: The Venus of Willendorf and the Venus of Brassempouy represent early symbolic sculptures, often linked to fertility and the human form.
- 🏛️ **Lesson 5 - Classical Period Sculptures**: Greek sculptures emphasized the perfection and proportion of the human body, while Roman sculptures focused on religious art and realistic individual characteristics.
- 🏺 **Greek and Roman Masterpieces**: Notable sculptures include Myron's Discobolus and the Puerto Natural Sarcophagus, showcasing the dramatic representation of movement and battle scenes.
- ⛪ **Lesson 6 - Medieval Period Sculptures**: Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic sculptures were predominantly religious and architectural, with a focus on cathedral sculptures.
- 🗝️ **Techniques and Materials**: Byzantine sculptures often used carved ivory, Romanesque employed sunken relief, and Gothic sculptures reflected the power of barons through cathedral art.
- 📝 **Module Activities**: Students are encouraged to engage with the material through online activities or answer sheets, facilitating a deeper understanding of the art periods discussed.
Q & A
What is the focus of the second module in arts?
-The focus of the second module in arts is on different sculptures made during the ancient classical and medieval art periods, continuing from module 1.
What is the timeline of the art periods discussed in the second module?
-The timeline includes Prehistoric and Egyptian art from 1.5 million BC to 2000 BC, Greek and Roman art from 2000 BC to 400 BC, and Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic art from 400 BC to 1480.
What are the key elements of Egyptian sculpture according to the script?
-Egyptian sculpture heavily used symbolic elements such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, location, materials, color, actions, and gestures to represent gods.
What is the significance of the sculpture of Queen Nefertiti?
-The sculpture of Queen Nefertiti is significant for its realistic depiction with heavy leaded eyes, slender neck, determined chin, and peer profile. It is made of limestone from the 18th dynasty, 1375 to 1357 BC.
How are the materials used in prehistoric sculptures described in the script?
-Prehistoric sculptures used materials that varied according to region and locality, and it is believed that some of these sculptures are a result of natural erosion rather than human artistry.
What is the Hellenistic style in Greek sculpture?
-The Hellenistic style in Greek sculpture is characterized by a preference for more elaborate patterns and an emphasis on the representation of movement for dramatic effects.
What was the primary material used by Greek sculptors during the classical period?
-Marble was the principal material used by Greek sculptors during the classical period.
How did Roman sculpture differ from Greek sculpture in terms of subject matter?
-Roman sculpture placed extreme importance on religious art, often depicting deities or gods, and was frequently copied from Greek sculpture, though with an emphasis on realistic individual characteristics.
What is the significance of the 'Discobulus' by Myron?
-The 'Discobulus' by Myron is significant as it shows an attitude of maximum tension, full of compressed energy, representing the dynamic nature of Greek sculpture.
What techniques did Romanesque sculptors use to carve figures?
-Romanesque sculptors used sunken relief and undercutting techniques to carve figures, often for portal sculptures on cathedrals.
How did Gothic sculptures reflect the society of the time?
-Gothic sculptures reflected the society's belief in honoring powerful barons who controlled the cities, often depicted in cathedral sculptures.
Outlines
🗿 Ancient to Medieval Sculptures Overview
This segment delves into the evolution of sculptures from the ancient classical to medieval periods, serving as a continuation from Module 1's lessons. It covers lessons 4 to 6, focusing on prehistoric and Egyptian, Greek and Roman, and Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic sculptures, respectively. The timeline spans from 1.5 million BC to 1480 AD. Lesson 4 highlights symbolic elements in prehistoric and Egyptian sculptures, with materials varying by region and a belief that early sculptures were results of natural erosion. Egyptian sculptures utilized hieroglyphics and symbolisms to represent deities. Examples include the Queen and Fertitti sculpture and the Pharaoh Menkaure sculpture, showcasing rigid postures and minimal emotional expression. The Venus of Willendorf and the Venus of Brazen Poi are also discussed, representing fertility and human representation in the Upper Paleolithic era. Lesson 5 transitions to Greek and Roman sculptures, emphasizing the Hellenistic style's focus on movement and drama. Greek sculptors used marble and concentrated on human anatomy, figure arrangement, and dramatic movement. Roman sculptures were heavily religious, with realistic individual characteristics. Notable examples include the Discobolus by Myron and the Puerto National Sarcophagus. Lesson 6 discusses medieval sculptures, where Byzantine works were primarily religious, Romanesque used sunken relief, and Gothic sculptures reflected the power of barons, with a focus on cathedral and church architecture.
🏛️ Byzantine to Gothic Architectural Sculptures
This part of the script focuses on the final lesson of Module 2, which is about medieval sculptures, particularly Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic. Byzantine sculptures were dominated by religious themes, everyday life, and nature, with carved ivory objects being a leading form. Romanesque sculptors employed sunken relief and undercutting techniques for carving figures on cathedral portals. Gothic sculptures were mainly architectural, reflecting people's belief in honoring powerful barons. Examples given include the Barbarini Diptych, an early Byzantine work in ivory, the Last Judgment from the Cathedral of Saint Lazare in France, and the Resurrection of the Virgin from the Amiens Cathedral. The script concludes with instructions for activities that students need to complete for the arts module, which can be answered online or on an answer sheet.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Sculpture
💡Prehistoric Era
💡Egyptian Art
💡Classical Period
💡Hellenistic Style
💡Roman Art
💡Byzantine Art
💡Romanesque Art
💡Gothic Art
💡Symbolism
Highlights
Focus on ancient classical and medieval art period sculptures in arts module 2.
Lesson 4 covers prehistoric era and Egyptian sculptures, highlighting symbolic elements and materials used.
Prehistoric sculptures are believed to be a result of natural erosion rather than human artistry.
Egyptian sculpture symbolism includes forms, hieroglyphics, and relative size to represent gods.
Timeline of art periods discussed: Prehistoric and Egyptian (1.5 million BC to 2000 BC), Greek and Roman (2000 BC to 400 BC), Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic (400 BC to 1480).
Sculpture of Queen Nefertiti showcases realism with symbolic elements like heavy crown and peer profile.
Pharaoh Menkaure's sculpture represents rigid postures and simple, powerful expressions.
Venus of Willendorf, a limestone sculpture, symbolizes fertility with its exaggerated physical features.
Venus of Brassempouy is a fragmentary ivory figurine from the Upper Paleolithic era, realistically representing the human face and hairstyle.
Lesson 5 discusses Greek and Roman sculptures, emphasizing the Hellenistic style and the use of marble.
Greek sculptors focused on human body perfection, proportion, arrangement of figures, and dramatic representation of movements.
Roman sculptures were often realistic individual characteristics and heavily influenced by Greek art.
Myron's Discobolus exemplifies the Greek sculpture's focus on movement and tension.
The Puerto Natural Sarcophagus is an elaborate Roman sarcophagus depicting battle scenes between Romans and Germans.
Lesson 6 explores Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic sculptures, with a focus on religious and architectural themes.
Byzantine sculptures often featured carved ivory objects with religious themes.
Romanesque sculptures used sunken relief and undercutting techniques for portal sculptures on cathedrals.
Gothic sculptures reflected the honoring of powerful barons and were primarily architectural, focusing on cathedrals.
The Barbarini Diptych is an early example of Byzantine work in ivory.
The Last Judgment is an architectural element from the west portal of the Cathedral of Saint Lazare in Otton, France.
The Resurrection of the Virgin is a 12th-century sculpture from the Cathedral of Amiens.
Module activities include online responses or written answer sheets to be submitted in the Facebook group.
Transcripts
in the second module in arts we will
focus on the different sculptures
made during the ancient classical and
medieval art periods
this is the continuation of our arts
module 1 lessons
in the last module we discuss lesson 1-3
this time in module 2 we will continue
the discussion of lesson 4
to lesson 6. lesson 4 is about
sculptures from the early age
prehistoric era and egyptian lesson 5 is
about the sculptures
from classical period greek and romantic
sculptures
and lesson 6 is about the sculptures
from medieval period
byzantine romanesque and gothic
sculptures
here is the timeline of the different
art periods that we are going to talk
about
first is the prehistoric and egyptian
arts
during 1.5 million bc to 2000 bc
bc means before christ second art period
is the greek and roman art
during 2000 bc to 400 bc
and the last one is the byzantine
romanesque and gothic period
during 400 bc to 1480.
let's first start with lesson four
sculptures from early age
the prehistoric and egyptian era
in the prehistoric sculptures symbolic
elements
were widely used materials used in
sculptures
vary according to region and locality
archaeologists believe that their
sculpture is a result of natural erosion
and not of human artistry
now in the egyptian sculpture symbolic
elements were widely used such as forms
hieroglyphics relative size location
materials color actions and gestures
symbolisms were heavily used to
represent the gods
hieroglyphics is the formal writing
system
of egypt with the use of pictures
as you can see in the picture on the
right side there is an example of a
hieroglyphics
which they carved in the caves as a use
of communication
now let me show you some examples of the
sculptures
made during the prehistoric and egyptian
art period
first is the sculpture of queen and
fertitti
which is a realistic with heavy leaded
eyes
slender neck determined chin and peer
profile
under her heavy crown queen refers to
the great royal wife of the egyptian
pharaoh this sculpture is made
with a limestone in the 18th dynasty
1375 to 1357 bc
next is the sculpture of the pharaoh
menkaure
and his queen using stone this was made
in the fourth dynasty
2548 to 2530
bce this is an example of portraits
presented in rigid postures and were
simple and powerful
with very little show of private emotion
next is the sculpture of venus of
willendorf
this was made 28000 bce
to 25000 bce
this sculpture is carved from limestone
with excessively heavy breast and
abdomen
used as a charm to ensure fertility
next one is the sculpture of venus of
brazen poi
this sculpture was made 25 000 years ago
this is a sculpture of a lady with wood
it is a fragmentary ivory figurine from
the upper paleolithic era
that realistically represents the human
face and hairstyle
now let's move on to lesson five this is
about the classical sculptures
including the greek and romantic
sculpture
let's go first to the greek sculptures
during 450
to 400 bc the greeks began carving in
stones to make sculptures
in the hellenic period one of the most
popular styles of the greek sculptures
was the hellenistic style hellenistic
denotes a preference in sculpture
for more elaborated patterns and an
emphasis
on the representation of movement for
dramatic effects
in the greek sculptures marble was the
principal material
used by sculptors in the classical
period in greece
greek sculptors were particularly
concerned
with the following first the perfection
and proportion of human body
human anatomy second is the arrangement
of figures and groups
and the last one dramatic representation
of movements
now in the romantic sculptures religious
art was of
extreme importance in ancient roman
society
and culture that's why every ancient
roman temple household
has at least one statue of deity or
god which was an important part of
worship
sculptural portraits during the
republican period in rome
emphasize realistic individual
characteristics
it is often observed that ancient roman
sculpture
and architecture was exactly copied from
ancient greek sculpture
and architecture
this time i will show you some famous
sculptures
of the greek and roman people during
this art period
the first one is called myron the
discobulus
this was made 450 bc
this shows an attitude of maximum
tension
full of compressed energy and about to
explode
an action
second sculpture is called the puerto
natural sarcophagus
sarcophagus means tomb or libian
in tagalog the puerto national
sarcophagus
was made between 180 to 190
bce this is used for the boreal of roman
general
involved in the campaign of marcus
aurelius
and this is the best known and most
elaborate of all sarcophagus
it depicts battle scenes between romans
and germans
and it is carved using marble
next one is also a sarcophagus
this is called sarcophagus from serbia
theory
this was made in 520 bce
this is made of terracotta and its
length is
6 foot 7 inches or 2.06 meters
and this is a sculpture of a husband and
wife
which are shown reclining comfortably
as if they were on a couch
now in the last lesson in this module
lesson 6 is about medieval sculptures
including byzantine romanesque and
gothic sculptures
let's go first to the byzantine
sculptures
the dominant themes in byzantine
sculptures are religious
everyday life scenes and motives from
nature
eastern orthodox was the church found in
the byzantine empire
latin was their primary language
carved ivory objects were the leading
form of
byzantine sculptures
next romanesque sculptures
sculptors use sunken relief and
undercutting
to carve figures this is a technique
they use to carve portal sculpture
on cathedrals romanesque and gothic
period
comprise the great age of cathedrals
and their foremost sculptures are
architectural
now in the gothic sculptures cathedrals
during this period
reflect people's belief of honoring
powerful barons
who controlled gothic cities so in the
romanesque and gothic art periods
their sculptures are mainly
architectural
and more on cathedral or church
sculptures
here are some of the sculptures from the
byzantine
romanesque and gothic era
first one is called the barbarini diptic
this is an early example of byzantine
work
from ivory which is another kind of
stone
second one is called the last judgment
this is an architectural element with
an arch or pediment this is the west
portal
of cathedral of saint lazare in otton
burgundy in france
next one is called resurrection of the
virgin
this was made at the end of the 12th
century
in the cathedral am amiens
now here are the activities that you
need to do in arts module 2.
you may answer them online in the links
that i will post in our fb group
or if you cannot answer online you may
write an
answer sheet answers only
i will show you the activities that you
need to do in this module
now you may start doing the activities
in this module
and we will finish the last art module
next week
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