Jose Rizal's Travels to Europe
Summary
TLDRThe script details José Rizal's journey to Europe in 1882 to pursue medical studies and observe the political situation in Spain. Initially struggling with finances, Rizal studied medicine and philosophy in Madrid while enrolling in art classes. He joined reformist circles and the Masonic Order. Despite financial difficulties, Rizal completed his medical studies but couldn't present his thesis. He traveled to Paris, Germany, and other European cities, working under renowned ophthalmologists. Along the way, Rizal built connections with intellectuals, contributing to his growth as a scholar and nationalist.
Takeaways
- ✈️ Rizal traveled to Europe in 1882 with a secret plan, known only to a few, including his brother Paciano and some close associates.
- 🎓 Rizal went to Spain to pursue his medical studies and observe the political situation in Madrid.
- 📜 He traveled under the alias 'Jose Marcado' to avoid attention.
- 💸 Upon reaching Barcelona, Rizal faced financial difficulties and sought help using a letter of recommendation from his former teacher.
- 🖌️ While waiting for classes to start at the University of Madrid, Rizal enrolled in painting classes at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando.
- 💼 Rizal had trouble managing his finances due to enrolling in multiple classes, and his brother Paciano struggled to send him money.
- 🗣️ Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino, a reformist organization of Filipinos and Spaniards, and became active in public speaking.
- 🏅 He completed his medical studies in Madrid but was unable to submit his thesis due to financial constraints, which prevented him from earning the title of Doctor of Medicine.
- 🌍 Rizal continued his travels in Europe, studying ophthalmology in France and Germany, and engaging with various scholars in Berlin and Heidelberg.
- 🤝 Rizal maintained correspondence with Ferdinand Blumentritt and met several prominent European intellectuals, continuing his learning and political awareness.
Q & A
When and why did José Rizal travel to Spain?
-José Rizal traveled to Spain in 1882 to pursue his medical studies and observe the political situation in Madrid.
Who were the few people aware of Rizal's trip to Spain?
-Only a few people knew of Rizal's trip to Spain, including his brother Paciano, Antonio Rivera, Chengoy, and his former teacher.
What alias did Rizal use for his passport during his travels?
-Rizal used the name 'José Marcado' on his passport.
What challenges did Rizal face upon reaching Barcelona?
-When Rizal reached Barcelona, he had almost no money left and had to rely on a letter of recommendation to the Jesuits, who lent him money.
Which academic institutions did Rizal enroll in while in Spain?
-Rizal enrolled in the University Central de Madrid for medicine and philosophy, and also took painting classes at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando.
Why did Rizal have difficulties managing his finances while in Madrid?
-Rizal had trouble budgeting because he enrolled in many classes, and his brother Paciano struggled to send him money regularly.
What organizations did Rizal join during his time in Madrid?
-Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a reform organization of Filipinos and Spaniards, and also became a Master Mason in the Masonic order.
Why was Rizal mistaken for being Japanese while traveling in Paris?
-Rizal was mistaken for being Japanese because of his appearance, and as a result, he faced higher prices for food, accommodation, and tickets.
What medical studies did Rizal complete, and why did he not receive his doctorate?
-Rizal completed his medical studies in Madrid, obtaining a Licentiate in Medicine. However, he couldn't present his thesis due to financial difficulties and did not receive the title of Doctor of Medicine.
Which European doctors and specialists did Rizal work with during his medical training?
-Rizal worked under the ophthalmologists Dr. Louis de Wecker in France and Dr. Otto Becker in Germany.
Outlines
🌍 Rizal’s Journey to Spain (1882)
In 1882, Rizal secretly left the Philippines for Spain to pursue a medical course and observe the political climate in Madrid. His brother, Paciano, and a few trusted friends knew of his journey. Armed with a letter of recommendation, Rizal used an alias, Jose Mercado, for his travels. He left the Philippines on May 1, 1882, and after a series of stops in Singapore, Sri Lanka, Egypt, and Italy, he finally arrived in Spain. Rizal was low on money upon reaching Barcelona, and the Jesuits provided him with financial assistance.
🎓 Academic Pursuits and Financial Struggles
After a few months, Rizal enrolled in the University of Central Madrid, studying medicine and philosophy. He also took art classes at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. However, Rizal faced financial difficulties as he signed up for multiple courses and his brother, Paciano, struggled to send him money. To cope with the challenges, Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a reform group composed of Filipinos and Spaniards.
🇫🇷 Exploring Paris and Returning to Madrid
While visiting Paris, Rizal toured various tourist spots but noticed he was often mistaken for Japanese, leading to higher prices for food and accommodations. Realizing the cost of living in Paris was too high, he returned to Madrid. Back in Madrid, Rizal joined the Masonry and earned the title of Master Mason. He also made an improvised speech during a Filipino-Spanish gathering celebrating Juan Luna and Felix Resurrección Hidalgo's successes in a painting competition.
🎓 Completing Medical Studies but Facing Financial Hurdles
Rizal completed his medical studies in Madrid, attaining the title of Licentiate in Medicine. However, he was unable to present his thesis and thus did not receive the title of Doctor of Medicine due to financial constraints. Despite this, he gained valuable experience working under renowned ophthalmologists Dr. Louis de Wecker in France and Dr. Otto Becker in Germany. He also modeled for his friend, artist Juan Luna, in paintings such as ‘The Death of Cleopatra’ and ‘Blood Compact.’
🇩🇪 Struggles in Germany: Health and Finances
Rizal's next destination was Heidelberg, Germany, where he stayed at an affordable boarding house. However, he later moved to Berlin due to financial difficulties. The cold climate and inadequate nutrition led to Rizal falling ill with tuberculosis. Fortunately, Dr. Maximo Viola assured him it was only a physiological condition. Viola accompanied Rizal during his stay in Berlin, where they met notable scholars such as Dr. Schwager, Dr. Theodore Jagor, and other experts in geography. Rizal also maintained correspondence with Ferdinand Blumentritt, to whom he gifted a book on arithmetic.
🎂 Celebrating in Europe: Vienna and Geneva
Rizal and Maximo Viola traveled to Prague, where they met Dr. Willkomm, a professor at the University of Prague, through a recommendation from Ferdinand Blumentritt. Rizal celebrated his birthday in Vienna, treating Maximo to a grand dinner. The two friends then traveled to Geneva, staying for 15 days before parting ways—Viola returning to Barcelona, and Rizal continuing his European tour in Italy.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Jose Rizal
💡Pasano
💡University Central de Madrid
💡Circulo Hispano Filipino
💡Masonry
💡Heidelberg
💡Juan Luna
💡Berlin
💡Maximo Viola
💡Master of Medicine
Highlights
Rizal began his journey to Europe in 1882 to pursue his medical studies and observe the political situation in Madrid.
Few people knew about Rizal's trip to Spain, including his brother Paciano, Antonio Rivera, and his former teacher, who gave him a letter of recommendation.
Rizal traveled from Kalamba to Singapore, then on to Sri Lanka, Egypt, Italy, and finally arrived in Barcelona with only 5 pesos left.
Using the letter of recommendation, the Jesuits in Barcelona lent Rizal money when he had almost no funds.
Rizal enrolled in the University Central de Madrid, taking up medicine, philosophy, and letters, and also attended painting classes at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando.
He faced financial difficulties due to enrolling in multiple classes and his brother Paciano's struggle to send money.
Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a reformist organization, and became involved in Filipino and Spanish intellectual circles.
In Paris, Rizal visited tourist spots but was mistaken for a Japanese, which led to higher costs for food and accommodation.
After realizing the high cost of living in Paris, Rizal returned to Madrid, where he joined the Freemasons and became a Master Mason.
Rizal completed his medical studies but couldn't present his thesis due to financial struggles, which prevented him from earning the title of Doctor of Medicine.
Rizal interned with ophthalmologists in France and Germany and also modeled for Juan Luna in famous paintings.
He moved to Berlin, where he faced financial problems and fell ill, initially thought to be tuberculosis, but later diagnosed as a minor ailment.
Rizal continued to meet notable European scholars, including Dr. Theodore Jagor and Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, expanding his intellectual circle.
Rizal celebrated his birthday in Vienna and continued traveling through Italy before parting ways with Maximo Viola, his travel companion.
During his stay in Europe, Rizal's work in the medical field and his involvement in intellectual circles helped establish his position as a key figure in Filipino reform.
Transcripts
[Music]
results Ravel to Europe All Began in
1882 Ral and his brother pasano had a
secret agreement that Ral should go to
Spain because one he will pursue his
medical course and two he will observe
the political situation in Madrid only a
few people knew result's trip to Spain
these are pasano Antonio Rivera chenoy
and the of or his former teacher naano
gave him a letter of recommendation to
the jit's house in Barcelona in case he
needed assistance in his passport his
name was Jose Marcado and not
[Music]
Ral on May 1 1882 Roselle left kalamba
he boarded the cruise on May 3 1882 and
5 days after their Cruise reached
Singapore from there he rode another
first class crew Cru Gemma going to Sri
Lanka which then proceeded to North
Africa to the Suz Canal port s in Egypt
to Naes Italy and finally
Mars from there he took a train to
Barcelona when he reached Barcelona Ral
had almost no money left he only got s
pesos so he used the letter of
recommendation and the Jesuits lent him
money
after a few months relle enrolled in
University Central de Madrid in the
course medicine and philosophy and
letters while waiting for the start of
the classes relle also enrolled himself
in a painting class in the Academy of
Fine Arts of San Fernando Ral had a
problem budgeting his money because he
enrolled so many classes one after
another his brother pasano also had a
hard time sending him money Ral also
joined Circulo Hispano Philip Filipino a
reformed organization of Filipinos and
Spaniards as result went to Paris he
visited different tourist spots he was
also mistaken to be a Japanese because
of this food accommodation and tickets
were priced higher than other
nationalities Ral realized he could
afford to live in Paris so he went back
to
Madrid while in Madrid Ral joined the
masonry and got a diploma as the Master
Mason when the Filipinos gathered for
Juan Luna's and Felix sida's achievement
in a prestigious painting competition in
Madrid Ral gave an impr Pronto speech
which was the BR
speech Ral completed his medical studies
in Madrid and attained the title of
lense shade in
medicine however due to financial
difficulties he was not able to present
his thesis and he did not get the title
doctor of Medicine
resal worked or interned under the
Clinics of opthalmologist Dr leis wer in
France and Dr Otto Becker in
Germany he also became one Luna model in
several of his paintings death of
Cleopatra and the blood
[Music]
compact Ralf for his next destination
Heidelberg Germany he stayed in a place
under landl nebbles which cost him € 28
per month he then transferred to Berlin
because of a problem in
[Music]
finances while in Berlin Ral did ate the
right food and his body couldn't adapt
to the
climate thus he acquired tuberculosis
but Maxim Oola a physician to him that
it was only a physiological mystery
Maximo accompanied result in his stay in
Berlin he got the opportunity to meet Dr
schwager an eye specialist in Berlin Dr
Theodore Jagger the author of The
travels in the Philippines and Dr
Rudolph Vira and Dr joest experts in
geography also had the penpal he was
Ferdinand blumint Ral gave him the book
arithmetica he and Maximo traveled to
pra and due to the recommendation of
lumit they got the chance to meet Dr
wilcom a professor at the University of
PR he celebrated his birthday in Vienna
and treated Maximo to a Sumptuous dinner
they stayed in Geneva for 15 days and
then Maximo result parted their
ways Rosal continued his tour in Italy
while Maximo returned to
[Music]
Barcelona
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