Kisah Bayi Rekayasa Gen Tahan HIV | Apa itu CRISPR? | Teknologi Gene Editing
Summary
TLDRThe video discusses the controversial CRISPR gene-editing technology, highlighted by the case of Chinese scientist He Jiankui, who claimed to have created the first gene-edited babies resistant to HIV. The video explores the global scientific community's ethical concerns and the potential of CRISPR in revolutionizing medicine and agriculture. It also touches on the debate over the technology's regulation and the future of genetic manipulation, emphasizing the need for responsible use and the challenges it poses to society.
Takeaways
- 🧬 The CRISPR technology is a hot topic in the global biotechnology community due to its potential to edit DNA directly and accurately.
- 👨⚕️ Chinese scientist Dr. He Jiankui announced in 2018 the birth of twin babies whose genes were edited using CRISPR to be resistant to HIV.
- 🚫 Dr. He's work was met with widespread criticism from the scientific community for crossing ethical boundaries and was halted by the Chinese government.
- 🏥 Dr. He was sentenced to three years in prison in 2019 for his controversial gene-editing experiments.
- 🔍 The long-term health and potential side effects of the edited twin babies remain unknown, raising concerns about the safety of CRISPR technology on humans.
- 🌿 CRISPR has been widely used in agricultural research to create drought-resistant crops and longer-lasting fruits.
- 🐾 The technology has also been applied in animal research, aiming to develop livestock resistant to diseases.
- 💉 Clinical trials using CRISPR began in 2016 in China to treat lung cancer by modifying T-cells to target cancer cells.
- 🧪 Other research explores CRISPR's potential in treating genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia, blindness, and beta-thalassemia.
- ⚖️ The use of CRISPR in germline editing is a contentious issue, with high risks of misuse and ethical concerns, yet it represents a significant breakthrough in medical science.
- 🌐 The World Health Organization has published guidelines to evaluate the use of CRISPR on heritable human genes, indicating the need for global regulation.
Q & A
What is CRISPR technology?
-CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology is a revolutionary gene-editing tool that allows scientists to edit DNA sequences directly. It has the capability to target and cut DNA at precise locations, enabling specific edits to be made.
Why did the CRISPR technology become a hot topic in the biotech community?
-CRISPR technology became a hot topic because it offers a relatively simple, efficient, and cost-effective way to edit genes, which has broad applications in research, medicine, and agriculture.
What was the controversial event involving CRISPR technology mentioned in the script?
-The controversial event was the announcement by Chinese scientist Dr. He Jiankui that he had successfully created the first gene-edited babies, twin girls, to be resistant to HIV. This was met with widespread criticism due to ethical concerns and potential health risks.
What was the outcome of Dr. He Jiankui's experiment with gene-edited babies?
-Dr. He Jiankui faced severe backlash from the scientific community, his research was halted by the Chinese government, and he was sentenced to three years in prison for his unauthorized experiments.
What is the CCR5 gene mentioned in the script, and why was it targeted for editing?
-The CCR5 gene codes for a protein on the surface of white blood cells that HIV viruses typically recognize and use to enter the cells. By editing the CCR5 gene, the aim was to make the cells unrecognizable to HIV, thereby providing resistance to the virus.
What are some of the potential applications of CRISPR technology mentioned in the script?
-CRISPR technology has potential applications in creating drought-resistant crops, extending the freshness of fruits, making livestock resistant to diseases, and treating various medical conditions such as sickle cell anemia, certain eye diseases, and beta-thalassemia.
What are the ethical concerns raised by the use of CRISPR technology on human embryos?
-The ethical concerns include the potential for unintended consequences, the possibility of creating 'designer babies,' and the long-term genetic impact on the human gene pool. There are also concerns about the technology being misused for selfish purposes.
How does the World Health Organization (WHO) approach the regulation of CRISPR technology?
-The WHO has initiated efforts to provide guidelines for evaluating the use of CRISPR on heritable human genes. It emphasizes the need for clear regulations on the use of this technology, considering the ethical, social, and safety implications.
What are the potential risks associated with the misuse of CRISPR technology?
-Misuse of CRISPR technology could lead to unforeseen genetic mutations, exacerbate social inequalities, and potentially create new biological threats if used irresponsibly.
What is the current status of CRISPR technology usage in the world?
-The use of CRISPR technology remains a subject of debate. While it holds immense potential for medical and agricultural advancements, its application in humans, especially in germline editing, is highly regulated due to ethical and safety considerations.
What is the challenge that humanity faces with the advancement of CRISPR technology?
-The challenge is to balance the potential benefits of CRISPR technology with the ethical and safety concerns. It requires responsible decision-making and the establishment of clear international guidelines to govern its use.
Outlines
🧬 CRISPR Technology and Ethical Debates
The video discusses the CRISPR gene-editing technology, focusing on a controversial case where Chinese scientist Dr. He Jiankui claimed to have edited the genes of twin babies to make them resistant to HIV. This act sparked global controversy within the scientific community due to ethical concerns and potential health risks. Dr. He's work was criticized for crossing boundaries set by the scientific community regarding human DNA editing, leading to his research being halted by the Chinese government and his subsequent imprisonment. The video also explains the basics of CRISPR technology, its potential applications in agriculture and medicine, and the ongoing debate over its ethical use in humans.
🌐 The Future of Gene Editing
This paragraph delves into the broader implications of CRISPR technology, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize our control over the genetic future of species. It raises the question of how we should handle this powerful tool, highlighting the need for careful consideration and regulation. The video concludes by inviting viewers to share their thoughts on the usefulness and potential dangers of CRISPR technology, encouraging discussion and engagement with the topic.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡CRISPR
💡Gene Editing
💡HIV
💡Embryo
💡Ethical Considerations
💡DNA
💡Bioethics
💡Scientific Community
💡Regulation
💡Genetic Resistance
💡Clinical Trials
Highlights
CRISPR technology is a hot topic in the global biotechnology community.
Chinese scientist Dr. He Jiankui claimed to have successfully created the first gene-edited babies.
The babies were edited to be resistant to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
The scientific community widely criticized Dr. He's work for crossing ethical boundaries.
Dr. He's research was halted by the Chinese government, and he was sentenced to prison in 2019.
The well-being and potential side effects of the gene-edited babies remain unknown.
CRISPR technology allows scientists to directly edit DNA.
DNA dictates all characteristics of living organisms, from the smallest microbe to the largest mammal.
CRISPR has been used to edit the CCR5 gene, which HIV uses to enter white blood cells.
The potential applications of CRISPR are vast, including in agriculture, animal husbandry, and medicine.
CRISPR has been applied in clinical trials to treat lung cancer by enhancing the patient's immune cells.
Research is ongoing to use CRISPR to cure other diseases like sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia.
The use of CRISPR in humans raises ethical questions about modifying the human germline.
The World Health Organization has published guidelines to evaluate the use of CRISPR on heritable human genes.
The debate over CRISPR's use in society continues, with the need for clear regulations on its application.
CRISPR's inventors have warned of the technology's potential to control the future genetics of species.
The challenge lies in how society decides to handle the power of CRISPR technology.
Transcripts
Hai semuanya Kembali lagi bersama saya
krisis kali ini kita ingin membahas
teknologi crisper dari Kenapa teknologi
ini menjadi pembahasan yang panas di
komunitas bioteknologi di seluruh dunia
di tanggal 20 November tahun 2018
seorang ilmuwan Cina dokter hezen kowe
dengan bangga memberitahu seluruh dunia
melalui YouTube channelnya bahwa
usahanya telah berhasil melahirkan dua
bayi kembar yang gamenya sudah diedit
dengan teknologi crisper peristiwa ini
bermula dari sepasang suami-istri dimana
sang suami mengidap virus HIV yang
menyebabkan penyakit Aids dan ada
kemungkinan tinggi bagi keturunannya
untuk mengidap virus yang sama dokter
hem mengatakan dengan mengedit gen pada
Gem rionya kedua bayi yang lahir dan
bahkan keturunan yang akan datang dapat
menjadi kebal terhadap virus HIV dan
bisa terbebas dari penyakit sang ayah
berita ini tidak diterima dengan baik di
komunitas sains sebaliknya dokter Hei
justru mendapat kritik dari segala
penjuru dunia karena pekerjaannya sudah
melewati batas ketika yang
ditujukan dan ditetapkan oleh komunitas
sains dimana setiap ilmuwan harus
bertanggungjawab untuk tidak
memodifikasi DNA manusia yang bersifat
menurun akhirnya genset dokternya
diberhentikan oleh pemerintah Cina dan
dokter handphone diadili pada tahun 2019
dan dihukum penjara selama tiga tahun
sementara itu tidak ada yang tahu
keberadaan dua baik tersebut Apakah
mereka sehat dan apakah ada efek samping
akibat perbuatan dokter Hei kisah ini
menjadi sorotan dunia untuk masa depan
bioteknologi Jin editing dan menjadi
diskusi yang sangat menarik khususnya
dalam bentuk regulasi yang mengatur
penggunaan teknologi ini pada manusia
dan embrio tapi sebenarnya apa sih
teknologi crisper ini dan kenapa penting
sekali untuk disadari oleh masyarakat
dari makhluk hidup yang terkecil sampai
yang terbesar semuanya ini ditentukan
oleh DNA DNA terdiri dari empat nuklir b
atau basa nukleotida
Hai yang terurut secara spesifik dan
menjadi instruksi untuk sel-sel kita
berbagai karakteristik tubuh kita mulai
dari warna mata bentuk rambut warna
kulit tinggi badan dan sebagainya
instruksinya semua dimuat di dalam DNA
kita dengan teknologi crisper ini
memungkinkan ilmuwan untuk mengedit DNA
secara langsung maksudnya teknologi ini
mempunyai kemampuan untuk menargetkan
urutan DNA secara akurat memotong DNA
nya dan melakukan edit kepada DNA yang
diinginkan di dalam cash dokter header
menggunakan teknologi kristal untuk edit
game ccr5 yang ada di dalam daerah kedua
by kembar ccr5 Ini adalah sebuah protein
yang ada di permukaan sel darah putih
dan yang biasanya dikenali oleh virus
HIV sehingga dengan edit biar ccr5 virus
HIV tidak bisa lagi mengenali sel darah
putihnya Dan harapannya si bayi kembar
pun menjadi resisten terhadap virus HIV
dan bisa tercegah dari infeksi ini
terdengar
Febrita bagus jadi apa yang membuat
gempar para ilmuwan di seluruh dunia
semenjak ditemukan di tahun 2012
teknologi Christopher adalah teknologi
yang disambut baik dan langsung
digunakan di dunia riset bioteknologi
sekarang ini sudah pesat sekali
diterapkan di berbagai riset dalam
tanaman dan hewan semua karena potensi
dari penerapan teknologi ini yang sangat
luas bayangkan tanaman pertanian yang
tahan kemarau buah-buahan yang segar
lebih lama ternak yang resisten terhadap
penyakit semua kelebihan ini bisa saja
diprogram dalam DNA melalui teknologi
kristal penggunaan Christopher pada
manusia pun sudah dimulai sejak tahun
2016 ketika seorang dokter di China
melakukan uji klinis untuk menyembuhkan
pasien yang mengidap kanker paru-paru
caranya dengan menyuntikkan selling-in
Pasien itu sendiri yang sudah
dimodifikasi dengan kristal agar dapat
melawan sel kanker sejak ini pun sudah
ada penelitian menggunakan crisper untuk
mengobati penyakit lainnya seperti
sickle Cell anemia penyakit mata untuk
bisa memperbaiki
kelihatan dan juga beta-thalassemia
namun yang jadi pertanyaannya adalah
seberapa jauh kita boleh menggunakannya
dalam kece dokter Hei hal yang
dilakukannya dianggap melanggar kodrat
yang kita pegang sebagai manusia karena
perbuatannya dalam mengedit game embrio
seakan menciptakan manusia dan jin
editing ini pun juga sayangnya
mengandung resiko tinggi untuk bisa
disalahgunakan oleh kepentingan yang
egois tapi disinilah di lemnya karena
disisi lain teknologi ini merupakan
terobosan yang luar biasa Untuk banyak
membantu ataupun mengobati penyakit yang
sampai sekarang belum bisa disembuhkan
saat ini penggunaan crisper masih
merupakan perdebatan di komunitas dunia
organisasi Who sudah memulai usaha ini
dengan menerbitkan sebuah laporan yang
memberikan panduan untuk mengevaluasi
penggunaan Christopher pada gen manusia
yang bisa diturunkan namun pada akhirnya
setiap negara perlu memaparkan peraturan
yang tegas akan penggunaan kristal suka
atau tidak dunia di sekitar kita ini
sudah dirombak dengan terobosan ini dan
ini dikatakan oleh penemu crisper
kemampuan untuk mengontrol masa depan
dari genetika spesies kita ini sangat
menakjubkan dan juga mengerikan
bagaimana kita memutuskan untuk
menanganinya itulah tantangan yang
terbesar yang perlu kita hadapi Jadi
bagaimana menurut kalian mengenai
teknologi caserini Apakah berguna atau
apakah berbahaya silahkan comment dan
jangan lupa like dan subscribe Thank you
for watching bye bye
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