Paradise Lost by John Milton | Plot Summary
Summary
TLDRIn John Milton's 'Paradise Lost,' the epic poem opens with Satan and his fallen angels exiled to hell, plotting revenge against God. Satan infiltrates Eden, seduces Eve, and leads both her and Adam to sin. God's judgment brings suffering to humanity, but also the promise of redemption. The poem explores themes of free will, disobedience, and the consequences of sin, culminating in Adam and Eve's expulsion from paradise.
Takeaways
- 📜 John Milton's 'Paradise Lost' is an epic poem that follows the traditional epic structure, beginning with an invocation to a muse and a statement of theme.
- 🛡 The poem's rising action starts with Satan and his fallen angels being cast out of Heaven and plotting their revenge against God.
- 🔥 Satan and his followers form a council in Hell and decide to target God's newest creation, mankind, as their means of resistance.
- 🌍 Satan volunteers to travel to the newly created world, Earth, to corrupt mankind, with the assistance of Sin and Death.
- 👼 God, being omniscient, is aware of Satan's plan and announces the consequences of mankind's disobedience, including death.
- 🍃 Satan infiltrates the Garden of Eden in the form of a cherub, observing Adam and Eve and planning their corruption.
- 🌅 The angel Uriel discovers Satan's deception and sends other angels to find and confront him.
- 🐍 In a climactic moment, Satan takes the form of a serpent and tempts Eve with the forbidden fruit of the Tree of Knowledge.
- 🚫 Despite Raphael's warning, Adam and Eve succumb to Satan's temptation, leading to their expulsion from Eden and the introduction of suffering into the world.
- 🌈 God sends Michael to show Adam visions of the future, including the story of Cain and Abel and the Great Flood, offering a glimmer of hope amidst the suffering.
Q & A
What is the theme of 'Paradise Lost' as stated by John Milton?
-The theme of 'Paradise Lost' is the fall of man, with Milton aiming to justify the ways of God to man.
How does the poem 'Paradise Lost' begin?
-The poem begins in 'medius res' with Satan and his rebel angels cast out of heaven and floating on a fiery lake in hell.
What is the strategy that Satan proposes to his followers in the Council?
-Satan proposes that they target man, God's newest creation, as the best way to continue their resistance against God.
How does Satan plan to corrupt Adam and Eve?
-Satan plans to corrupt Adam and Eve by seducing them with the forbidden fruit of the tree of knowledge.
What role does the angel Uriel play in the poem?
-Uriel is the angel who realizes that Satan is disguised as a cherub and sends other angels to find the intruder.
What does God send to warn Satan of the futility of his resistance?
-God sends a pair of golden scales in the sky to demonstrate the futility of Satan's resistance.
How does Satan return to the Garden of Eden after being discovered?
-After being returned to Gabriel by the angels, Satan returns to the Garden of Eden in the form of a serpent.
What is the consequence of Adam and Eve eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge?
-Adam and Eve are punished by God; women will experience pain and childbirth, and men will labor to grow food from cursed ground.
What does God do to reflect the fall of Adam and Eve in the new world?
-God orders angels to change the new world, altering the weather and creating discord between humans and animals.
How does the poem 'Paradise Lost' end?
-The poem ends with Adam and Eve leaving paradise, accepting their fate, and being shown visions of their future by the Archangel Michael.
Outlines
📜 Introduction to Paradise Lost
John Milton's 'Paradise Lost' begins with an invocation to a heavenly muse to aid in justifying God's ways to humanity. The epic's theme revolves around the fall of man. The narrative commences in medias res with Satan and his rebel angels cast out of heaven, landing in hell. A council is formed to strategize against God, with Satan advocating for targeting God's new creation, mankind. Satan, with the help of Sin and Death, leaves hell and infiltrates Eden, observing Adam and Eve. Despite a moment of envy and doubt, Satan is determined to corrupt them by exploiting the forbidden fruit. Uriel, an angel, recognizes Satan's deception and sends forces to apprehend him, but Satan is prepared for battle. God, aware of Satan's intentions, decides to warn Adam and Eve through Archangel Raphael, who recounts Satan's rebellion and fall from heaven.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Paradise Lost
💡Epic tradition
💡Fall
💡Satan
💡Rebel angels
💡Garden of Eden
💡Tree of Knowledge
💡Archangel Raphael
💡Original sin
💡Redemption
💡Archangel Michael
Highlights
John Milton's 'Paradise Lost' follows the epic tradition by focusing on the theme of the fall.
Milton invokes a heavenly muse to justify the ways of God to man.
The poem starts in 'medius res', a common epic technique.
Satan and his rebel angels are cast out of heaven and land in hell.
Satan leads a council of fallen angels to plot resistance against God.
Satan convinces the fallen angels to target God's newest creation, man.
Satan volunteers to travel to the world of man to corrupt him.
Sin and Death assist Satan in his journey from hell.
God is aware of Satan's plan and announces man's punishment for disobedience.
Satan disguises himself as a cherub to infiltrate the Garden of Eden.
Satan is envious of Adam and Eve's happiness, a sign of God's favor.
Satan overhears the prohibition of the fruit of the tree of knowledge.
Uriel, an angel, recognizes Satan in disguise and sends others to find him.
God sends a warning to Satan through a pair of golden scales in the sky.
Raphael, an Archangel, warns Adam about Satan's plot and tells the story of the rebellion in heaven.
Satan returns to Eden as a serpent and tempts Eve with the forbidden fruit.
Adam and Eve eat the fruit, sharing the same fate despite knowing the consequences.
God's judgment leads to punishments for Eve, Adam, and the corruption of the world.
Satan is delighted by his success, but he and his followers are transformed into serpents.
Adam and Eve are expelled from paradise, accepting their fate.
Michael shows Adam visions of the future, including the story of Cain and Abel and Noah's flood.
Transcripts
the introduction of Paradise Lost
conforms to epic tradition with John
Milton stating his theme of the fall and
invoking a heavenly muse to inspire his
effort to justify the ways of God to man
he begins his story in medius race the
rising action of the poem begins when
God has cast Satan and his rebel army of
fallen angels out of heaven and they are
floating on a fiery lake in hell
led by Satan these fallen angels form a
Council to debate how to continue their
resistance to God through his
second-in-command Satan convinces them
that the best target is man God's newest
creation Satan volunteers to fly to the
world full of God's new creatures his
children sin and death help him exit
through the gates of hell when Satan
promises to return territory usurped by
God chaos and night direct him to the
new world God already knows that Satan
will succeed in tempting and corrupting
mankind he announces that man will be
punished for his disobedience because he
created humans to be strong enough to
withstand such temptations he claims
that his new creations will be punished
by death unless someone in heaven is
willing to die on their behalf God's
only son volunteers Satan lands in the
new world and sneaks into the Garden of
Eden disguised as a cherub once inside
the garden he watches Adam and Eve and
his envious of the beauty and happiness
that indicates God's favor though he has
a moment of doubt Satan stays resolved
to his plan to corrupt them he overhears
Adam and Eve discussing the forbidden
fruit of the tree of knowledge and Satan
decides to seduce them with this fruit
Uriel an angel guarding paradise
realizes that the cherub is really Satan
in disguise and he sends angels to find
the intruder they find Satan at Eve's
ear whispering into her dreams and they
return Satan to Gabriel Satan prepares
for battle
but God then sends a warning a pair of
golden scales in the sky to demonstrate
the futility of Satan's resistance
recognizing that God has the ultimate
power and advantage
Satan flees God decides that although he
cannot control their actions he must
warn Adam and Eve about Satan so he
sends his Archangel Raphael to Adam to
remind him of his free will and to warn
him about Satan's plotting Raphael also
tells Adam the story of Satan's
rebellion in heaven the ultimate defeat
of his army and his expulsion into hell
after Raphael finishes telling Adam the
story
Satan returns to the Garden of Eden
taking on the form of a serpent
in the climax of the poem Satan finds
Eve alone and tempts her with knowledge
and status if she eats the fruit of the
tree of knowledge after hesitating she
eats the fruit and then offers it to
Adam though he realizes that they're
doomed Adam eats the fruit so they will
share the same fate in the falling
action God is angry and sends the son to
the Garden of Eden to deliver his
judgment Eve and all women will
experience pain and childbirth and they
must submit to their husbands will Adam
and all men will labor to grow food from
cursed ground
Satan's delighted by his success and his
children sin and death build a bridge
between how and earth Satan returns
triumphant to hell but the Sun
transforms him and all his followers
into serpents doomed to eternally hunger
for fruit that turns to ashes when they
bite into it God next orders angels to
change the new world to reflect Adam and
Eve's fall and they alter the weather
and create discord between humans and
animals Adam and Eve argue and blame
each other for their condition but
ultimately they confess to God ask
pardon and repent God is merciful
promising to reward their obedience with
an afterlife in heaven God sends the
Archangel Michael to show Adam visions
of their future Cain will murder Abel
tyrants will rule and gods flood will
wipe out all but Noah's family and their
animals the vision of Noah survival
offers Adam hope in addition to
depicting the suffering that humans will
endure in the resolution Adam and Eve
finally leave paradise accepting their
fate
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