Age of Discovery: Exploring the New World (Part 1)

Summary

The script delves into the Age of Discovery, detailing the European quest for new lands and trade routes driven by a shortage of spices and the allure of gold. It highlights key explorers like Columbus, Vasco de Gama, and Magellan, their voyages, and the impact on global trade. The narrative also touches on the colonization, cultural exchanges, and the economic shifts that reshaped the world, including the 'Price Revolution' and the rise of capitalism.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The Age of Discovery was driven by European colonizers seeking new lands and trade routes, primarily for spices and precious metals.
• 🚩 The Ottoman occupation of the Eastern Mediterranean and Southern Balkans in the 15th century led to a shortage of spices, prompting Europeans to find alternative trade routes.
• 💰 The lack of gold and silver in late medieval Europe and legends of vast treasures in the East motivated European monarchs and aristocrats to sponsor explorations.
• 🌍 Scientific advancements, including the idea of the Earth's sphericity, inspired thinkers like Eratosthenes, and encouraged explorers to seek westward routes to Asia.
• 🏰 The completion of the Reconquista in Spain allowed rulers like Isabella and Ferdinand to fund explorations, aiming to spread Catholicism and find new trade routes.
• 🛥️ Innovations in shipbuilding, such as the caravel and the Carrick, facilitated faster and more mobile voyages, contributing to geographical discoveries.
• 🇵🇹 The Portuguese were the first to explore the Atlantic, with Prince Henry the Navigator financing voyages that led to the discovery of Madeira, the Azores, and the African coast.
• 🔍 Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to enter the Indian Ocean from the southern side, rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488.
• 🚢 Christopher Columbus's 1492 expedition, funded by Spain, resulted in the first European contact with the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola, marking the beginning of the American colonization.
• 📜 The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the New World between Spain and Portugal, with Spain gaining territories west of the 49th meridian and Portugal the eastern territories.
• 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁮 Vasco de Gama's 1497-1499 voyage successfully reached India, establishing a direct sea route and breaking Arab control over the spice trade.

Q & A

What was one of the main reasons for the search for new trade routes and lands during the Age of Discovery?

One of the main reasons was the catastrophic shortage of spices due to the Ottoman occupation of most of the Eastern Mediterranean and Southern Balkans in the 15th century, which minimized the Europeans' access to spices, a vital commodity for cooking and preserving food.

How did the lack of gold and silver coins in late medieval Europe influence the Age of Discovery?

The lack of gold and silver coins, coupled with legends about fabulous treasures in India and China, seduced European Kings and Aristocrats to seek new lands to possess these treasures, thereby stimulating the search for new trade routes and lands.

Which idea from ancient Greek science was influential in the Age of Discovery, and why?

The idea of the sphericity of the Earth by Eratosthenes was influential. It was spread among European scientists like Paolo Toscanelli and Martin Behaim, who developed their own versions of the globe map, inspiring future discoverers to seek a westward route to India and China.

How did the completion of the Reconquista impact the Spanish rulers' ambitions during the Age of Discovery?

The completion of the Reconquista, with the defeat of the Emirate of Granada, allowed Spanish rulers Isabella and Ferdinand to gain considerable revenues and trophies. This success fueled their desire to establish Catholicism in new territories and ignited their conquering appetite.

What role did the Hidalgo play in the exploration during the Age of Discovery?

Most of the Hidalgo remained unemployed after the Reconquista. These poor Knights, seeking to continue gaining fame and money with their weapons, quickly joined the ranks of discoverers, contributing to the exploration efforts.

Why were new types of ships like the caravel and the Carrick important for geographical discoveries?

New types of ships such as the caravel and the Carrick were faster, more mobile, and had good capacity compared to their predecessors, which contributed significantly to the geographical discoveries by allowing for longer and more efficient voyages.

What was King Henry the Navigator's strategy in financing the exploration of the Atlantic Ocean?

King Henry the Navigator generously financed the development of cartography and the voyages of his subjects off the coast of Africa. He hoped to find a way to India and China and to overcome Arab piracy in Atlantic waters near Africa.

How did Bartolomeu Dias's voyage contribute to the Age of Discovery?

Bartolomeu Dias's voyage, during which he rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, was significant as it was the first time a European entered the Indian Ocean from the southern side, opening up a potential sea route to India.

What was the outcome of Christopher Columbus's first voyage for Spain?

Christopher Columbus's first voyage led to the first European visit to the Bahamas, followed by exploration of Cuba and Hispaniola. He made contact with local tribes and took back tobacco, maize, and other new flora and fauna to Spain, marking the beginning of European exploration and colonization of the Americas.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal?

The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed after Columbus's first voyage, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal along a meridian 49 degrees west of the Cape Verde islands. It assigned Spain the Western direction of the search for India and China, while Portugal got the Eastern direction, including territories as far as the southern coast of Africa.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 Age of Discovery and European Expansion

The Age of Discovery was a period of intense exploration and colonization by Europeans, driven by a quest for new trade routes and lands, particularly due to the shortage of spices and the allure of gold and silver. The Ottoman Empire's control over the Eastern Mediterranean disrupted traditional spice routes, prompting Europeans to seek alternatives. The scarcity of precious metals in Europe and legends of vast treasures in the East further fueled exploration. Scientific advancements, such as the understanding of the Earth's sphericity, encouraged the search for a westward route to Asia. The Reconquista's completion in Spain allowed for resources to be redirected towards exploration. The development of new ship types, like the caravel and the Carrick, facilitated these voyages. The Portuguese were pioneers in Atlantic exploration, with Prince Henry the Navigator funding expeditions that led to the colonization of Madeira and the Azores, and the exploration of the African coast. Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, opening a southern route to the Indian Ocean. Christopher Columbus, with Spanish support, made his first voyage across the Atlantic, reaching the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola, and initiating contact with indigenous peoples.

05:02

🛳️ Treaty of Tordesillas and Further Explorations

Following Columbus's first voyage, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, which divided the newly discovered lands between them along a meridian 49 degrees west of the Cape Verde islands. Spain focused on the west, while Portugal took the east, including the southern coast of Africa. Columbus's second expedition, with a larger fleet, led to the discovery of more Caribbean islands and the establishment of settlements in Cuba and Haiti. However, the lack of significant gold and spice resources led to disappointment. Meanwhile, the Portuguese, under Vasco da Gama, successfully reached India by circumnavigating Africa, bypassing Arab control of the spice trade. This voyage, despite difficulties and clashes with Arab traders, proved highly profitable. Pedro Álvares Cabral's expedition, intended to reach India, instead landed on the coast of Brazil, claiming it for Portugal. Subsequent Portuguese expeditions established trading posts in India and solidified their presence in the Indian Ocean, leading to conflicts with Arab merchants and the beginning of their maritime hegemony.

10:03

🌊 Magellan's Circumnavigation and Dutch Ventures

Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, aiming to find a western route to the spice-rich lands, led to the first circumnavigation of the globe. After a challenging journey through the newly-named Magellan Strait and the Pacific Ocean, which Magellan called 'Pacific' due to its initial calm, the expedition faced severe hardships. Magellan's death in the Philippines and the loss of ships left the survivors to continue the voyage. The Victoria, under Sebastian Elcano, returned to Spain, completing the first circumnavigation and opening a western route to Asia. In the late 16th century, the Dutch, seeking to enter the spice trade, explored northern routes to Asia. Willem Barentsz's expeditions reached Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen but were hindered by ice. The Dutch East India Company later established trading posts in Asia, and Dutch explorers like Willem Janszoon and Abel Tasman charted new territories in Australia and the Pacific, though without finding the expected riches. These voyages laid the foundation for Dutch colonial expansion in the Americas and Asia.

15:04

🌋 Impact of the Price Revolution and European Colonization

The Age of Discovery had profound economic and social impacts. The influx of gold and silver from the Americas, particularly after the Spanish conquests, led to the 'Price Revolution,' a period of significant inflation and economic disruption in Europe. This, in turn, contributed to the disintegration of feudal relations and the acceleration of capitalist development. The discovery of new lands also led to the colonization and often the exploitation or enslavement of indigenous populations, as well as the spread of European culture, plants, and animals around the world. The establishment of new trade routes and the exchange of goods and ideas between continents marked the beginning of a more interconnected global economy.

Keywords

💡Age of Discovery

The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration, refers to the period from the early 15th century to the early 17th century when European shipbuilders developed new and better ships and航海技术, which allowed for more extensive and more precise exploration. This era is central to the video's theme, as it discusses the European colonizers' quest for new lands and trade routes. The video mentions how this period was marked by 'energetic Merchants, dashing Sailors, greedy lovers of easy game, and Stern, Knights' who sought 'fabulous treasures and Immortal glory in unknown worlds.'

💡Spices

Spices were highly valued commodities during the Age of Discovery due to their culinary and preservative uses. The video highlights the 'catastrophic shortage of spices' as a key reason for the search for new trade routes, as the Ottoman occupation of the Eastern Mediterranean disrupted traditional spice trade routes. The scarcity of spices in Europe motivated explorers to find alternative sources, as exemplified by the Portuguese King's efforts to find a sea route to India and China.

💡Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire was a powerful state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa during the Age of Discovery. In the video, it is mentioned as a significant factor in the European search for new trade routes due to its occupation of the Eastern Mediterranean and Southern Balkans, which disrupted traditional spice trade routes and led to a shortage of spices in Europe.

💡Reconquista

The Reconquista refers to the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the 8th and 15th centuries CE in which Christian European powers sought to reclaim their territories from Muslim rule. The video mentions the completion of the Reconquista with the defeat of the Emirate of Granada, which allowed Spanish rulers to redirect their resources and ambitions towards overseas exploration and colonization.

💡Caravel

The caravel was a type of sailing ship developed in the 15th century and used widely by the Portuguese and Spanish explorers during the Age of Discovery. The video notes the development of new ship types like the caravel, which were 'faster and more mobile than their predecessors and with good capacity,' contributing significantly to geographical discoveries by allowing for longer and more efficient voyages.

💡Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. The video discusses Columbus's obsession with sailing to India and China by the Western route and his successful expedition funded by Queen Isabella of Spain, which led to the discovery of the Americas.

💡Treaty of Tordesillas

The Treaty of Tordesillas was an agreement between Spain and Portugal that aimed to resolve the disputes over newly discovered lands outside Europe by dividing the non-European world between the two countries along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands. The video mentions this treaty as a significant event that shaped the exploration and colonization efforts of both countries, with Spain gaining territories west of the 49th meridian and Portugal to the east.

💡Vasco da Gama

Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer and the first person to sail directly from Europe to India by rounding the southern tip of Africa. The video highlights his expedition as a successful venture that reached India, bypassing the Arab-controlled spice trade routes, and marking a significant achievement in the search for direct sea routes to Asia.

💡Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth. The video describes Magellan's ambitious expedition, which sought a western route to the spice lands, and his eventual death in the Philippines, with the expedition's success in completing the first circumnavigation under the leadership of Sebastian Elcano.

💡Dutch East India Company

The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was a chartered company established in 1602, which became the world's first multinational corporation and the first company to issue stock. The video mentions the VOC's role in establishing trading posts in Asia and its efforts to control the spice trade, illustrating the economic motivations behind the Dutch exploration and colonization during the Age of Discovery.

💡Price Revolution

The Price Revolution was a period of rapid inflation in Europe, particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries, caused by the large influx of precious metals from the New World, especially from Spanish America. The video connects the Age of Discovery with the Price Revolution, highlighting how the influx of gold and silver from the Americas disrupted traditional economic structures and accelerated the development of capitalism.

Highlights

European colonizers explored and conquered new lands in search of spices and treasures.

The Ottoman occupation led to a shortage of spices, prompting Europeans to seek new trade routes.

Lack of gold and silver in Europe fueled the search for mythical treasures in the East.

Eratosthenes' idea of the Earth's sphericity inspired explorers to seek westward routes to Asia.

The Reconquista's completion freed resources for Spain to fund exploration.

The caravel and Carrick ships revolutionized navigation, aiding in geographical discovery.

Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator financed early Atlantic explorations.

Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to enter the Indian Ocean from the south in 1488.

Christopher Columbus, funded by Spain, made his first voyage across the Atlantic in 1492.

Columbus's expeditions resulted in the first European contacts with the indigenous peoples of the Americas.

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.

Vasco da Gama successfully reached India in 1497, establishing a sea route around Africa.

Pedro Álvares Cabral's expedition led to the accidental discovery of Brazil in 1500.

Magellan's expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe, proving the Earth's sphericity.

The Dutch East India Company established trading posts in Asia, challenging Portuguese dominance.

Willem Barentsz's Arctic explorations sought a Northern sea route to Asia.

Henry Hudson's voyages laid the foundation for Dutch and English colonization in North America.

Abel Tasman's voyages expanded European knowledge of the Pacific and Southern Asia.

The Age of Discovery led to the formation of new trade routes and the beginning of European colonization.

The influx of American silver and gold caused the Price Revolution, impacting European economies.

Transcripts

foreign

the age of Discovery became a starry

time for European colonizers who

explored and conquered New unknown lands

energetic Merchants dashing Sailors

greedy lovers of easy game and Stern

Knights went on a quest for fabulous

treasures and Immortal glory in unknown

worlds what prompted them to face danger

and what trials awaited them on the way

one of the reasons for the search for

new trade routes and lands was the

catastrophic shortage of spices used for

cooking dishes and extending their shelf

life this was due to the ottoman

occupation of most of the Eastern

Mediterranean and Southern Balkans in

the 15th century the hostility of the

Ottoman Turks to the genoese and the

venetians whose ships were the main

carriers of spices and other Oriental

Goods minimized getting spices by the

Europeans and encouraged the latter to

seek new ways of supplying vital

provisions

another factor that stimulated the

search for new lands was the lack of

gold and silver coins in the late Middle

Ages European market

mythologized legends about fabulous

treasures and deposits of gold silver

and gems in India and China have seduced

European Kings and Aristocrats who

sought to possess a portion of these

Treasures

at this time scientific progress led to

the spread of eratosthenes idea among

European scientists about the sphericity

of the earth among such Advanced

thinkers were the Italians from maoro

Paulo toscanelli and the German Martin

baheim each of them developed its own

version of the globe map these ideas

inspired many future discoverers to seek

away to India and China Westward

the completion of the Reconquista with

the defeat of the Emirate of Granada

allowed the Spanish rulers Isabella and

Ferdinand to receive considerable

revenues and trophies this success

warmed up their conquering appetite and

at the same time ignited their desire to

establish Catholicism in more new

territories after the expulsion of the

Muslim armies from the Iberian Peninsula

most of the Hidalgo remained unemployed

these poor Knights desperately sought to

continue gaining Fame and money with

their weapons so they quickly joined the

ranks of discoverers

new types of ships such as the caravel

and the Carrick which were faster and

more mobile than their predecessors and

with good capacity contributed to the

geographical discovery

the Portuguese were the first to explore

the still unknown islands in the

Atlantic Ocean their King Henry the

Navigator generously financed the

development of cartography and the

Voyages of his subjects off the coast of

Africa through these campaigns the

Portuguese King hoped to find a way to

India and China as well as to overcome

Arab piracy in Atlantic Waters near

Africa Portuguese Sailors surveyed and

colonized Madeira and the Azores and

explored the coasts of Western Sahara

they subsequently discovered the islands

of Cape Verde and explored the coasts of

Senegal and The Gambia looking for the

southern route to India bartolomeo Diaz

surrounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488

and became the first European to enter

the Indian Ocean from the southern side

the Baton of discoveries was continued

with a fateful Expedition led by the

energetic genoese Navigator Christopher

Columbus this ambitious sailor as a

Young Man became obsessed with sailing

to the shores of India and China by the

Western route after correspondence with

Paulo toscanelli in 1492 he succeeded in

igniting his idea with Queen Isabella of

Spain she provided the genoese with much

of the funds for his expedition together

with her King husband she promised to

make Christopher Viceroy of all lands he

would find leaving him 10 of all the

jewels spices and other merchandise

found on the newly discovered lands in

August three ships la Santa Maria Nina

and Pinta left Andalucia for adventures

and new discoveries

on 12 October Columbus was the first

European to visit the Bahamas then he

sailed for Cuba and Hispaniola

present-day Haiti on these islands the

Spaniards made contact with local tribes

and conducted a failed search for gold

deposits in addition the members of the

Columbus expedition for the first time

saw tobacco Maize and some native flora

and fauna they took them along with

several local Indians who were taken to

Spain early the following year in March

1493 Columbus returned to Spain with two

ships where he was given a ceremonial

reception

after Columbus first voyage Spain and

Portugal signed the Treaty of tordecias

according to it the Spanish gained

territories in their conquering

interests west of the 49 meridians of

the Western Hemisphere and the

Portuguese had territories to the east

accordingly Spain was assigned the

Western direction of the search for

India and China and Portugal got the

Eastern one as far as the southern coast

of Africa

during Columbus second Expedition he had

17 ships and nearly 2 000 men under his

command the Spaniards on his voyage

discovered some Lesser Antilles and

established themselves in Cuba and Haiti

they proceeded to occupy these

territories forcibly baptize and enslave

the local inhabitants there wasn't any

gold in sufficient quantity as well as

spices gradually many participants and

organizers of this Expedition realized

that the found Islands have nothing in

common with China and India and will not

bring significant revenues this caused

disappointment of the Spanish

authorities subsequently Columbus

despite his discovery of the new world

fell into dis favor with the monarchs

meanwhile the Portuguese convinced of

their chosen course sent an expedition

of four ships to India in July 1497 led

by Vasco de Gama this small flotilla

passed without much trouble to the Cape

of Good Hope but already near Mozambique

the Portuguese experienced difficulties

due to lack of knowledge of local Waters

they managed to bribe several Arab

pilots who showed them the way to

Zanzibar and India

in India Europeans were struck by the

wealth of goods in local markets however

there was almost no demand for their

goods so the Expeditions were able to

buy only a small amount of spices

however the cost effectiveness of this

trip was still 600 percent due to the

lack of a huge markup from Arab spice

suppliers during the voyage the

Portuguese often clashed with Arab

traders who controlled the spice trade

in the region these tensions prompted

the Portuguese to choose an armed

occupation of the land in subsequent

Expeditions the Portuguese returned home

in August 1499 losing two ships and

about 65 percent of their personnel

the next Portuguese expedition to India

numbering 17 ships was led by Pedro

Cabral among its participants was

bartolomeo Diaz a researcher from Africa

initially the Expedition took a somewhat

excessive Westward course to bypass the

equatorial current which ran in the

opposite direction to the Expedition

thus in April 1500 Pedro Cabral and his

team accidentally discovered the coasts

of Brazil and proclaimed it the

possession of Portugal this marked the

beginning of the further Portuguese

colonization of these territories

after sailing to India the Portuguese

established trading posts in Calicut and

Kochi and purchased over 100 tons of

spices however the Trading Post in

Calicut was destroyed by the locals led

by Arab Merchants for which the

Portuguese took Vengeance looting and

destroying all Arab ships and Merchant

shops that they encountered the

Expedition returned home in July 1501

and in addition to significant financial

dividends gave the Portuguese faith in

establishing their own hegemony in the

Indian Ocean

meanwhile Spain settled islands in the

Caribbean Sea and the coast of Central

America however since the rich deposits

of silver and gold in America have not

yet been found and the spices were

certainly not there the Spaniards

decided to revive the project of a

maritime trade route to Eastern Asia

through the Western Direction They

gained help from Ferdinand Magellan an

ambitious Portuguese man who was well

acquainted with navigation in the Indian

Ocean and had been transferred to the

service for Spanish Monarch Charles of

Habsburg in August 1519 a flotilla of

five ships led by Magellan set out for

the unknown in search of a western route

to the spice lands the Portuguese King

Manuel learned of this Expedition

fearing for his Monopoly he ordered all

Portuguese ships to destroy Spanish

ships in the sphere of Portuguese

influence at first the Spanish ships

safely passed almost the entire Atlantic

Sea but had to Winter in southern

Patagonia due to problems with finding

the strait which according to Magellan

and cartographers of the time should

have been to the north at this time the

captains of the three ships rebelled but

Magellan quickly quelled the Rebellion

as he had the support of the crew

the Expedition then wandered for a long

time through The Mazes of the strait

which would later be named after

Magellan three ships came out of it into

the unknown ocean Magellan named The

Ocean Pacific because in the first weeks

of the Expedition the weather was really

calm however the sailors were

subsequently forced to endure famine

water shortages hellish storms scurvy

and other illnesses in March 1521 the

Expedition reached the Philippines where

Magellan decided to establish ties with

the locals and buy spices from them

however Ferdinand was involved in local

feuds during which he was killed the

voyage was on the verge of a complete

Fiasco because except for the deceased

captain no one had knowledge of the

geography of the local islands and the

Indian Ocean they barely made it to the

malakas and bought spices there then the

Spanish separated the ship Trinidad with

spices with was to return to the East

and swim to the Spanish colonies on the

American coast of the Pacific Ocean the

flagship Victoria Laden with spices and

now led by The Basque Sebastian Del Cano

was to break through the Indian Ocean in

which the Portuguese Squadron sailed

with the task of destroying the

Spaniards overcoming hunger fatigue

illnesses and Portuguese pursuers

Victoria's 18-man crew sailed for Spain

on 6 September 1522 thus the Western

route to Asia was opened and the Spanish

led by Sebastian elcano made the first

circumnavigation of the world

in the late 16th century the Netherlands

won its independence from the Spanish

Empire since then due to its high level

of urbanization technological

development and trade the Republic has

rapidly become a wealthy and advanced

Nation with a large Merchant Fleet the

Dutch Merchants too sought to join the

super profitable spice trade but lacking

a large enough Navy decided to explore

the northern routes to Asia on 5 June

1594 the Dutch explorer Willem varentz

set out to find a Northern sea route

three weeks later he reached the shores

of noviazemlia and explored it but

further Eastward advances were prevented

by icebergs in August the Dutch

Travelers were forced to return home

during his third voyage burence

discovered the islands of spitzbergen

but was covered with ice while

attempting to continue his voyage east

of novious Emilia The Travelers decided

to Winter in this cold arctic tundra but

in such harsh conditions only a small

part of them survived the captain

himself died of scurvy on Nova yats

Emilia

in the early 17th century taking

advantage of the Portuguese weakening

the Dutch East India Company was able to

establish itself in several trading

posts in India Java and the southern

Malacca Islands from where it operated

the spice trade to explore the Uncharted

seas and Conquer new lands the Dutch

sent the Willem jensoon Expedition

during this trip the Dutch explored the

west coast of New Guinea and visited the

cape York Peninsula becoming the first

Europeans to land in Australia

another attempt to discover the Northern

sea route to Asia was the voyage of one

of the most Restless Travelers Henry

Hudson the Englishman first sailed the

baron sea then joined the Dutch East

India Company as head of a Dutch

Expedition Henry explored the shores of

Newfoundland Labrador the Northeast

Atlantic coast of the modern United

States Manhattan and the Hudson River

named after him this Expedition became

the first brick of the establishment of

the Dutch colonies in North America in

1610 Hudson joined the English king

service and organized a voyage in search

of the northern route to the east as far

as North America the Expedition ended in

rebellion and failure and Henry himself

disembarked by the rebels in the Hudson

Bay died of hunger and cold

in the tropical Seas the work of jensoon

was continued by Abel Tasman he during

his first voyage sailed the southern

Seas of Australia discovered the island

which was later named Tasmania explored

the western coast of New Zealand some

islands of Tonga and Fiji and the

northern side of New Guinea during his

second voyage Tasman explored the coast

of West Guinea the Gulf of carpentaria

and the coastline of Northeast Australia

however these finds in his time were not

appreciated because in the open lands

Abel Tasman did not find spices precious

metals or jewels

great geographical discoveries led to

the formation of new trade routes the

penetration of Europeans into new

territories and their acquaintance with

new cultures worlds plants and animals

at the same time they led to further

colonization by Europeans of the open

lands and the destruction or enslavement

of most of the local inhabitants in

addition the world was shaken by the

price Revolution the disintegration of

feudal relations and the acceleration of

capitalism due to the discovery of Rich

deposits of silver and gold in America

foreign