Difference between federal court and state court
Summary
TLDRThe video script explores the complex relationship between state and federal governments in the United States, highlighting their dual governance structure. It explains that while state courts have broader jurisdiction and handle the majority of cases, federal courts intervene in specific scenarios such as when the U.S. is a party, constitutional violations occur, or in cases involving interstate disputes over significant amounts. The script emphasizes the cooperative nature of these courts, each recognizing the other's jurisdiction, and introduces LegalYou as a resource for legal preparation.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ The U.S. has a dual court system where state and federal courts operate separately but can enforce each other's laws.
- 🤔 Jurisdiction is a key concept, defining the court's power to hear certain types of cases.
- 📚 State courts generally have broader jurisdiction and handle a wider variety of cases than federal courts.
- 📊 State courts process approximately 90% of the total caseload, dealing with the majority of ordinary cases.
- ⚖️ Federal courts intervene in special cases, such as those involving the U.S. as a party or direct violations of the Constitution and federal laws (Federal Question Jurisdiction).
- 💼 Federal courts also have jurisdiction over cases involving disputes between citizens of different states with claims over $75,000 (diversity jurisdiction).
- 💡 Federal jurisdiction extends to areas like bankruptcy, patenting, copyrighting, and maritime law.
- 🚫 If a state law conflicts with federal law or the Constitution, it can be challenged in state court.
- 🤝 Both state and federal courts work in tandem, recognizing each other's jurisdiction without one being superior to the other.
- 🆘 LegalYou is a resource mentioned for helping individuals prepare for legal matters, whether at the state or federal level.
Q & A
What was the initial concern of the states when forming the new federal government?
-The initial concern was how much of their hard-won independence they would have to give up to the new federal government.
What is the term for the overlapping system of government in the United States?
-The overlapping system of government in the United States is referred to as a 'federal system'.
How many branches does the federal government consist of?
-The federal government consists of three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial.
What is the role of state courts in the American legal system?
-State courts handle their own state laws and a broad variety of cases, including those not specifically within federal jurisdiction.
What is the significance of the term 'jurisdiction' in the context of courts?
-Jurisdiction refers to the court's power to hear certain kinds of cases, determining which court is appropriate for a particular legal matter.
Why might a case be heard in federal court instead of state court?
-A case might be heard in federal court due to Federal Question Jurisdiction, involving the U.S. as a party or violations of the Constitution or federal laws, or Diversity Jurisdiction, involving parties from different states with claims over $75,000.
What percentage of the total caseload do state courts typically handle?
-State courts handle approximately 90% of the total caseload, which is about 30 times the number of cases federal courts handle annually.
Can state courts enforce federal laws?
-Yes, state courts can enforce federal laws, as they have the power to hear a variety of cases, including those involving federal law.
What types of cases does federal jurisdiction cover that are not directly violations of federal law?
-Federal jurisdiction covers cases involving bankruptcy, patenting, copyrighting, and maritime law, even if they do not directly involve a violation of federal law.
How do state and federal courts interact when there is a conflict between state and federal laws?
-If a state law violates federal law, this can be argued in state court, but it's important to remember that both courts work side-by-side and neither is inherently superior.
What is the purpose of LegalYou as mentioned in the script?
-LegalYou is there to help individuals prepare for legal matters, whether they are dealing with local state courts or the federal court system.
Outlines
🏛️ Dual Government System in the US
This paragraph discusses the unique structure of the American government, which emerged after the colonies declared independence from Britain. It highlights the establishment of a federal system where states retain their own governments while also being part of a larger federal government. The federal government, consisting of executive, legislative, and judicial branches, operates alongside state governments, each with its own laws and courts. The concept of jurisdiction is introduced, explaining that state courts generally have broader jurisdiction and handle the majority of cases, while federal courts intervene in specific instances such as when the United States is a party in a case, or when there are violations of the Constitution or federal laws. The paragraph also mentions 'diversity jurisdiction' and other areas under federal court's purview, emphasizing the cooperative relationship between state and federal courts.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Independence
💡Constitution
💡Federal Government
💡State Governments
💡Jurisdiction
💡State Courts
💡Federal Courts
💡Federal Question Jurisdiction
💡Diversity Jurisdiction
💡Bankruptcy, Patenting, Copyrighting, Maritime Law
💡LegalYou
Highlights
The colonies declared independence from Britain, leading to a complex relationship between state and federal governments.
The Constitution's agreement was crucial for defining the balance of power between states and the federal government.
The U.S. has a dual government system with both state and federal governments operating separately.
The federal government consists of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
Each state has its own laws and court system, parallel to the federal laws and courts.
State and federal courts can enforce each other's laws, adding to the complexity of the judicial system.
State courts generally have broader jurisdiction and handle a larger variety of cases.
Federal courts handle special cases such as those involving the United States as a party or violations of the Constitution.
Diversity jurisdiction allows federal courts to hear cases between parties from different states with claims over $75,000.
Federal jurisdiction includes cases related to bankruptcy, patenting, copyrighting, and maritime law.
State courts can argue cases where state laws conflict with federal laws or the Constitution.
Federal and state courts operate side by side, with neither being inherently superior to the other.
Both federal and state courts recognize each other's potential jurisdiction over cases.
LegalYou assists in preparing for court appearances, whether local or federal.
Transcripts
Since the colonies got together and declared
independence from Britain, the state governments have had
an interesting relationship.
In fact, until the Constitution was agreed upon,
there was a lot fighting over just how much
of this independence
that these states had just fought for
would have to be given up to the new federal government
they were creating.
The structure they came up with is two-in-one--
an overlapping system where each state had
its own government,
and the new country had one as well--
separate and apart from the state governments.
We call that government the "federal government."
And by "government," we mean all three branches--
the executive, the legislative, and, of course, the judicial,
which are the court systems.
So each state has its own laws and its own courts,
and the federal government has its own laws and courts.
And just to make it extra complicated,
either court-- state or federal--
can enforce the laws made by the other.
It can be confusing because sometimes
the federal courthouse is right across the street
from the state courthouse.
Which one is the right one for you?
The answer depends on the court's jurisdiction.
"Jurisdiction" is the court's power
to hear certain kinds of cases.
The rule of thumb is that state courts
have the broadest jurisdiction.
It may be the opposite of what you would guess,
but the state courts have the power
to hear a much bigger variety of cases than federal courts.
So the majority of ordinary cases
are most likely to be tried in state court.
State courts handle about 30 times the cases
the federal court does every year,
which works out to around 90% of the total caseload.
But federal court will take over in special situations.
For example, federal courts have jurisdiction over cases
where the United States is involved as a party,
and cases involving direct violations
of the US Constitution or federal statutes.
This is called "Federal Question Jurisdiction."
Federal courts can also hear cases between people
from different states if it's for an amount over $75,000.
This is called "diversity jurisdiction."
Federal jurisdiction also covers cases
dealing with bankruptcy, patenting, copyrighting,
or maritime law-- that's the ocean.
However, if a state law violates a federal law
or the Constitution, this can be argued in state court.
But it's important to remember that federal and state court
work side-by-side and one is not superior to the other.
Each recognizes the other's potential jurisdiction
over a case.
Whether you're going to court locally
or dealing with the big guys,
LegalYou is there to help you prepare for it all.
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