What Are Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool
Summary
TLDRThis video script explores the concepts of exothermic and endothermic reactions, contrasting their energy transfer processes. Exothermic reactions release energy, causing surroundings to heat up, as seen in fires and neutralization reactions. Endothermic reactions absorb energy, cooling the surroundings, exemplified by melting and photosynthesis. The script simplifies these reactions using a thermometer to detect temperature changes and explains that exothermic processes start with higher energy and end with lower, while endothermic processes do the opposite. It concludes by noting that exothermic reactions are more common.
Takeaways
- 🔥 Exothermic reactions release energy to the surroundings, like a fire giving off heat.
- 🌨️ Endothermic reactions absorb energy from the surroundings, similar to a melting snowman taking in heat.
- 🔎 The prefix 'exo' means external, indicating energy is given out, while 'endo' means internal, indicating energy is taken in.
- 🌡️ Exothermic reactions can be detected by an increase in temperature, often measured with a thermometer.
- 🧪 Examples of exothermic reactions include neutralization reactions, reactions between water and calcium oxide, and respiration.
- 🛑 Most chemical reactions are exothermic, releasing heat as a byproduct.
- ❄️ Freezing and condensation are exothermic processes because they involve forming bonds, which releases energy.
- 🌡️ Endothermic reactions can be detected by a decrease in temperature, also using a thermometer.
- 💧 Examples of endothermic reactions include electrolysis, the reaction between sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid, and photosynthesis.
- 🔋 In endothermic reactions, energy is added to break bonds, such as when melting a solid or boiling a liquid.
- 📉 The energy curve for exothermic reactions shows reactants with higher energy than products, while for endothermic reactions, products have higher energy.
Q & A
What is the primary difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions?
-Exothermic reactions give off energy to the surroundings, such as heat, while endothermic reactions take in energy from the surroundings.
How can you detect whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic?
-You can use a thermometer to detect the change in temperature. Exothermic reactions will cause the surroundings to heat up, whereas endothermic reactions will cause the surroundings to get colder.
What is an example of an exothermic reaction mentioned in the script?
-One example of an exothermic reaction is the neutralization reaction between acids and alkalis, such as the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Why are most chemical reactions exothermic?
-Most chemical reactions are exothermic because they involve the release of energy, often in the form of heat, which is a common byproduct of chemical changes.
What is the energy level relationship between reactants and products in exothermic reactions?
-In exothermic reactions, the energy of the reactants is higher than that of the products, as energy is released to the surroundings.
Can physical processes be exothermic or endothermic? If so, provide examples.
-Yes, physical processes can be exothermic or endothermic. Freezing and condensation are exothermic as they release energy when bonds are formed, while melting and boiling are endothermic as they require energy to break bonds.
What is the meaning of 'Exo' and 'Endo' in the context of reactions?
-In the context of reactions, 'Exo' means external, indicating that energy is given out, and 'Endo' means internal, indicating that energy is taken in.
What are some examples of endothermic reactions provided in the script?
-Examples of endothermic reactions include electrolysis, the reaction between sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid, and photosynthesis.
How does the energy curve for exothermic reactions differ from that of endothermic reactions?
-For exothermic reactions, the energy curve shows that the energy of the reactants is higher than that of the products, indicating energy is released. In contrast, for endothermic reactions, the energy of the products is higher than that of the reactants, indicating energy is absorbed.
Why does the melting of a snowman represent an endothermic process?
-The melting of a snowman is an endothermic process because energy is required to break the bonds holding the solid structure together, transitioning it from a solid to a liquid state.
What is the relationship between the energy of the surroundings and the type of reaction taking place?
-In exothermic reactions, the surroundings get hotter as energy is released, while in endothermic reactions, the surroundings get colder as energy is absorbed.
Outlines
🔥 Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions Overview
This paragraph introduces the concepts of exothermic and endothermic reactions, explaining the fundamental differences between the two. Exothermic reactions release energy to the surroundings, such as a fire emitting heat, while endothermic reactions absorb energy from the environment, like a melting snowman. The terms 'exo' and 'endo' are derived from 'external' and 'internal,' respectively, indicating the direction of energy transfer. The video promises to delve into these reactions, their energy levels, and how they can be identified using a thermometer.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Exothermic Reaction
💡Endothermic Reaction
💡Energy Transfer
💡Energy Levels
💡Thermometer
💡Neutralization Reaction
💡Respiration
💡Freezing
💡Condensation
💡Melting
💡Boiling
Highlights
Exothermic reactions give off energy to the surroundings, like a fire giving off heat.
Endothermic reactions take in energy from the surroundings, like a melting snowman taking in heat.
Exo means external, so giving out, while Endo means internal, so taking in.
Exothermic reactions transfer energy, usually in the form of heat, causing the surroundings to heat up.
Examples of exothermic reactions include neutralization reactions, reactions between water and calcium oxide, and respiration.
Exothermic reactions can be detected with a thermometer, as they cause an increase in temperature.
Physical processes like freezing and condensation are exothermic because they involve bond formation, which releases energy.
In exothermic reactions, the energy of the reactants is higher than that of the products.
Endothermic reactions are less common and involve the absorption of energy from the surroundings.
Endothermic reactions can be detected by a decrease in temperature, as the surroundings get colder.
Examples of endothermic reactions include electrolysis, reactions between sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid, and photosynthesis.
Physical processes like melting and boiling are endothermic because they require energy to break bonds.
In endothermic reactions, the energy of the products is higher than that of the reactants.
Exothermic reactions start with more energy and end with less, while endothermic reactions start with less energy and end with more.
Freezing and condensation are exothermic processes due to bond formation, while melting and boiling are endothermic due to bond breaking.
Exothermic reactions are more common in nature.
Transcripts
In this video we are going to look at exothermic and endothermic reactions. So what are they [how] are they different?
What about their energy levels in the next couple of minutes you'll know everything you need to get started
An exothermic reaction gives off energy to the [surroundings] like this fire giving off heat
Whereas an endothermic reaction takes in energy from its surroundings like this pool melting snowman taking in the heat
just remember Exo means external so giving out an
Endo means internal so taking in let's start by having a quick look
Because exothermic reactions transfer energy to the surroundings, [and] this energy is usually heat energy
They cause the surroundings to heat up. Just like a bonfire keeping everyone warm
Other examples of exothermic reactions are the neutralization reactions between acids and alkalis?
the reactions between water and calcium oxide and respiration
It is easy to detect exothermic reactions. Just get your thermometer and see if the temperature increases
Watch the hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution being mixed and see how the fellow meter increases
most chemical reactions are exothermic
Because heat is given our physical processes can also be endothermic or exothermic
When something freezes it goes from liquid to solid
Bonds need to be made for this to happen and to make bonds you need to do some work
Thus energy is given out and freezing is exothermic
Similarly when condensation happens because a gas is going to liquid
Again [bonds] need to be made and so energy is given out so freezing and condensation are both exothermic
Because in exothermic reactions energy is given out [to] the surroundings
This means that energy of the reactants is higher and the energy of [the] products hence the energy curve
For the exothermic reactions will look like this now
[let's] have a look at endothermic reactions. These are less common
Remember that endothermic reactions take in energy from the surroundings
Again as with exothermic reactions the energy being transferred is usually [heat]
So in endothermic reactions the surroundings usually get colder
Again, we can detect endothermic reactions with a thermometer because the temperature would get colder some examples of endothermic reactions are
electrolysis the reaction between sodium Carbonate and ethanoic acid and
photosynthesis
Endothermic reactions can also be seen in physical processes where something melts it goes from a solid to a liquid
For this to happen bonds need to be broken and to break bonds energy to be put in like our melting snowman
Boiling is also endothermic because energy needs to be put in to break the bonds for the liquid to turn to gas
because in endothermic reactions energy is added to the reaction the energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants and
So the energy curve looks like this, so there you have exothermic and endothermic reactions
all you need to remember is that exothermic reactions give out energy and
endothermic reactions take in energy
both can be detected with a thermometer in
Exothermic reactions the surroundings get hotter and in endothermic reactions the surroundings get colder
exothermic reactions start with more energy and end with less while endothermic reactions start with less energy and end with more
Freezing and condensation are exothermic because bonds need to be made which gives out energy
Melting and boiling are endothermic because bonds are broken which requires additional energy
think of the [snowman] again and finally
Exothermic reactions are more common
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