Types of Semiconductor Materials | Intrinsic & Extrinsic Semiconductor | Engineering Funda

Engineering Funda
10 Aug 202312:23

Summary

TLDRThis engineering video delves into semiconductor materials, distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic types. Intrinsic semiconductors, like pure silicon, have low conductivity due to a lack of free charge carriers, but their conductivity increases with temperature as electron-hole pairs are generated. Extrinsic semiconductors, in contrast, have higher conductivity due to added impurities. N-type materials are doped with pentavalent impurities, introducing extra electrons, while P-type materials incorporate trivalent impurities, creating holes. The video explains how these impurities define the number of free electrons and holes, affecting the material's conductivity and temperature coefficient.

Takeaways

  • 😀 Semiconductor materials are categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic types, with the former being pure and the latter having added impurities.
  • 🔍 Intrinsic semiconductors, such as pure silicon, have lower conductivity due to the absence of free charge carriers, as all electrons are involved in covalent bonds.
  • 🌡️ The conductivity of intrinsic semiconductors increases with temperature because thermal energy can break covalent bonds, generating electron-hole pairs.
  • ⬇️ Intrinsic semiconductors exhibit a negative temperature coefficient, meaning their resistivity decreases as temperature increases due to the generation of more free charge carriers.
  • 🔋 Examples of intrinsic semiconductor materials include silicon and germanium, which are widely used in electronic devices like chips.
  • 📈 Extrinsic semiconductors have higher conductivity than intrinsic ones because impurities introduce additional free charge carriers.
  • 🔬 N-type semiconductors are created by adding pentavalent impurities like phosphorus, which donate free electrons, increasing conductivity.
  • 🔧 P-type semiconductors are formed by introducing trivalent impurities like aluminum, which create vacancies or holes that act as free charge carriers.
  • 🏭 Both n-type and p-type semiconductors are used in various electronic applications, with n-type materials having electrons as majority carriers and p-type having holes as majority carriers.
  • ⚙️ Covalent bonds in semiconductors can be broken not only by increasing temperature but also by applying a high potential difference or a strong electric field, leading to the generation of electron-hole pairs.

Q & A

  • What are the three categories of solid materials mentioned in the script?

    -The three categories of solid materials mentioned are conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.

  • What is an intrinsic semiconductor material?

    -An intrinsic semiconductor material is a pure semiconductor material with no impurities added, such as pure silicon or germanium.

  • How does the conductivity of intrinsic semiconductor materials compare to extrinsic semiconductor materials?

    -Intrinsic semiconductor materials have lower conductivity compared to extrinsic semiconductor materials because they do not have additional free charge carriers.

  • What happens to the conductivity of intrinsic semiconductors when the temperature increases?

    -As the temperature increases, electron-hole pairs are generated, which increases the number of free charge carriers and thus increases the conductivity.

  • What is the term for the phenomenon where resistivity decreases with an increase in temperature in intrinsic semiconductors?

    -The phenomenon where resistivity decreases with an increase in temperature is called a negative temperature coefficient.

  • What are the two basic types of extrinsic semiconductor materials?

    -The two basic types of extrinsic semiconductor materials are n-type and p-type.

  • Which impurities are added to create n-type semiconductor material, and why?

    -Pentavalent impurities, such as phosphorus or arsenic, are added to create n-type semiconductor material because they have five electrons in their outer orbit, which results in an extra free electron and thus increases conductivity.

  • How do trivalent impurities contribute to the formation of p-type semiconductor material?

    -Trivalent impurities, such as aluminum or boron, contribute to the formation of p-type semiconductor material by creating vacancies or holes in the electron structure, which increases the number of free holes and conductivity.

  • What is the term for impurities that add free electrons in n-type semiconductors?

    -The term for impurities that add free electrons in n-type semiconductors is 'donor impurities' because they donate an extra electron.

  • What is the term for impurities that add free holes in p-type semiconductors?

    -The term for impurities that add free holes in p-type semiconductors is 'acceptor impurities' because they accept an electron, creating a hole.

  • What are the three ways mentioned in the script to generate electron-hole pairs in semiconductor materials?

    -The three ways to generate electron-hole pairs in semiconductor materials are by increasing temperature, applying a higher potential difference across the material, or applying a higher electric field through the material.

Outlines

plate

Dieser Bereich ist nur für Premium-Benutzer verfügbar. Bitte führen Sie ein Upgrade durch, um auf diesen Abschnitt zuzugreifen.

Upgrade durchführen

Mindmap

plate

Dieser Bereich ist nur für Premium-Benutzer verfügbar. Bitte führen Sie ein Upgrade durch, um auf diesen Abschnitt zuzugreifen.

Upgrade durchführen

Keywords

plate

Dieser Bereich ist nur für Premium-Benutzer verfügbar. Bitte führen Sie ein Upgrade durch, um auf diesen Abschnitt zuzugreifen.

Upgrade durchführen

Highlights

plate

Dieser Bereich ist nur für Premium-Benutzer verfügbar. Bitte führen Sie ein Upgrade durch, um auf diesen Abschnitt zuzugreifen.

Upgrade durchführen

Transcripts

plate

Dieser Bereich ist nur für Premium-Benutzer verfügbar. Bitte führen Sie ein Upgrade durch, um auf diesen Abschnitt zuzugreifen.

Upgrade durchführen
Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Ähnliche Tags
SemiconductorsMaterials ScienceIntrinsic vs ExtrinsicConductivitySiliconGermaniumPhosphorusAluminumElectronsHoles
Benötigen Sie eine Zusammenfassung auf Englisch?