DNA- Structure and function of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Summary

This video delves into the structure and function of DNA, the molecule that stores and codes genetic information within the cell's nucleus. It typically resides coiled like a noodle but forms chromosomes during cell replication to maintain stability. The DNA's double helix model illustrates its polymer nature, composed of repeating nucleotide units. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. The video offers a detailed look at nucleotide structure, essential for understanding DNA's role in genetics.

Takeaways

• 🧬 DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and is the molecule responsible for storing and coding the genetic information in the body.
• 🌀 DNA is typically located inside the nucleus of the cell and resembles a coiled noodle for most of the cell's life cycle.
• 🔄 During cell replication, DNA is arranged in structures known as chromosomes, which help maintain its stability.
• 🌈 The double helix model of DNA illustrates that it is a polymer made up of many repeating units.
• 🔬 A polymer is a molecule consisting of many repeating units called monomers, such as glucose in the case of starch.
• 🧪 DNA's monomers are nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA, each consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
• 🍬 The sugar in nucleotides is Deoxyribose, a five-carbon sugar that is part of the nucleotide structure.
• 🔗 The phosphate group in nucleotides is made up of a phosphorous ion attached to four oxygen atoms.
• 🧠 The nitrogenous bases in DNA are crucial components that pair up to form the rungs of the DNA ladder, contributing to its structure and function.
• 🔎 For a detailed study of nucleotide structure, additional resources are available, as referenced in the video description.

Q & A

What does DNA stand for?

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Where is DNA primarily located within a cell?

DNA is primarily located inside the nucleus of the cell.

What is the main function of DNA in the body?

The main function of DNA is to store and code the genetic information of the body.

How is DNA arranged during cell replication?

During cell replication, DNA is arranged in the form of structures known as chromosomes.

What is the double helix model of DNA?

The double helix model demonstrates that DNA is a polymer consisting of two strands that coil around each other.

What is a polymer?

A polymer is a molecule consisting of many repeating units known as monomers.

What is the repeating unit in DNA called?

The repeating units in DNA are called nucleotides.

What are the three important groups that make up a nucleotide?

The three important groups that make up a nucleotide are phosphate, the sugar (deoxyribose), and the nitrogenous base.

What is the sugar present in a nucleotide called?

The sugar present in a nucleotide is called deoxyribose, which is a five-carbon sugar.

What is the role of chromosomes in cell replication?

Chromosomes help keep the DNA stable and organized during the process of cell replication.

What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

The nitrogenous bases found in DNA include adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Outlines

00:00

🧬 DNA Structure and Function

This paragraph introduces the structure and function of DNA, known as Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is located inside the cell nucleus and is responsible for storing and coding genetic information. DNA is typically coiled within the nucleus but during cell replication, it takes the form of chromosomes to maintain stability. The double helix model of DNA is mentioned, illustrating that DNA is a polymer made up of repeating units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. For more detailed information on nucleotide structure, a link to a video is provided in the description.

05:02

😕 Incomplete Information

This paragraph is empty and does not contain any information. It appears to be a placeholder or an oversight in the script.

Keywords

💡Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. In the video, DNA is described as being located inside the nucleus of the cell, where it stores and codes the genetic information of the body. It is the molecule that, during cell replication, is arranged into chromosomes to ensure stability and accurate replication.

💡Nucleus

The nucleus is a double-membrane bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells, which contains the cell's genetic material, DNA. As mentioned in the video, for most of the cell's life cycle, DNA is housed within the nucleus, acting as the control center for genetic information.

💡Chromosomes

Chromosomes are thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins, which are found in the nucleus of a cell. They play a crucial role during cell replication, as highlighted in the video, by helping to keep the DNA stable and organized, ensuring that genetic information is accurately passed on to new cells.

💡Double Helix Model

The double helix model is a description of the structure of DNA, where the two strands of the DNA molecule are coiled around each other like a twisted ladder. This model, as noted in the video, demonstrates that DNA is a polymer, with each 'rung' of the ladder being made up of pairs of nucleotides.

💡Polymer

A polymer is a large molecule composed of many repeating units called monomers. In the context of the video, DNA is described as a polymer made up of many repeating units known as nucleotides, which are linked together to form the long DNA molecule.

💡Nucleotides

Nucleotides are the monomer units that make up the DNA polymer. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. As explained in the video, these nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, and their sequence determines the genetic information carried by the DNA.

💡Deoxyribose

Deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar that is a part of the nucleotide structure in DNA. It is called 'deoxy' because it lacks one oxygen atom found in ribose, which is the sugar in RNA. The video mentions deoxyribose as the sugar present in the nucleotides that form DNA.

💡Phosphate Group

The phosphate group is a part of the nucleotide structure, consisting of a phosphorus ion attached to four oxygen atoms. As described in the video, it plays a role in forming the backbone of the DNA molecule, linking nucleotides together.

💡Nitrogenous Bases

Nitrogenous bases are the nitrogen-containing components of nucleotides that pair with each other to form the rungs of the DNA ladder. There are four types of bases in DNA: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. These bases pair specifically with each other (A with T, and C with G), which is crucial for the stability of the DNA structure and for accurate replication, as touched upon in the video.

💡Glucosidic Bonds

Glucosidic bonds are the type of chemical bonds that link glucose molecules together in polymers like starch. While not directly related to DNA, the video uses starch as an analogy to explain how monomers (in the case of starch, glucose molecules) are linked by bonds to form a polymer.

💡Replication

Replication in the context of the video refers to the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA content before cell division. This process is crucial for growth, development, and the continuation of genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.

Highlights

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and is the molecule that stores and codes the genetic information of the body.

DNA is located inside the nucleus of the cell and is coiled like a noodle for most of the cell's life cycle.

During cell replication, DNA is arranged in a structure known as chromosomes to keep it stable.

The double helix model of DNA demonstrates that it is a polymer made up of repeating units.

A polymer is a molecule consisting of many repeating units known as monomers.

Starch is an example of a simple polymer with glucose as its repeating monomeric unit.

DNA is a polymer with nucleotides as its monomeric units.

A nucleotide consists of three important groups: phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base.

The sugar in nucleotides is called Deoxyribose, a five-carbon sugar.

The phosphate group in nucleotides consists of a phosphorous ion attached to four oxygen atoms.

Nitrogenous bases are an essential component of nucleotides and DNA structure.

For detailed study of nucleotide structure, a link to a video is provided in the description.

DNA's structure can be summarized as a polymer with a sugar called Deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases.

The double helix model is a fundamental concept in understanding DNA's structure and function.

Chromosomes play a crucial role in maintaining DNA stability during cell replication.

The nucleus of the cell is the primary location where DNA is stored and functions.

Understanding the concept of a polymer is key to grasping the structure of DNA.

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, each consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

Transcripts

In this video we will study about

structure and function of DNA.

DNA stands for

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

and DNA is the molecule which is located

inside the nucleus of the cell

and its main job is store and code the genetic information of the body.

For most of the life cycle of the cell

the DNA is located inside the nucleus of the cell

like a coiled noodle. But during the time when the cell

replicates, the DNA is arranged

in the form of structure, which are known as chromosomes.

And these chromosomes help keep the DNA stable

during the time of the cell replication.

Now, most of you are familiar with the double helix model

of the DNA. The double helix model

demonstrates

that DNA is basically a polymer.

To understand DNA now is a better way

you have to understand the definition of a polymer.

So the polymer is basically a molecule

which is consisting of many repeating units which are

known as monomers. If we take the example of a simple

polymer called a Starch, in this case

the repeating monomaniac units are known as glucose.

These glucose molecules are joined together by

glucosidic bonds and from the polymer

which is known as starch. In a similar way

DNA is also a polymer, in

this case the monomaniac units which form DNA

are known as nucleotides

This is the basic structure of a nucleotide.

You can see that it consists of three important groups:

phosphate,

the sugar,

and the nitrogenous base. Now if you want to study with the

details of the structure of the nucleotides

the link to that video will be in the description below

But in a nutshell you can conlude

that the sugar present inside the nucleotide

is called the Deoxyribose which is a five carbon sugar

which belongs to the ?

The phosphates group consists of a phosphorous ion

to which four oxygen atoms are attached

and then we have the important nitrogeous bases