Module 1 Reading in Philippine history

Summary

In this educational discussion, the concept of history is explored, emphasizing its significance and the distinction between primary and secondary sources. The lecture delves into the definition of history as a systematic study of past events, the importance of historiography, and the influence of factors like time and writer bias on historical narratives. It also touches on the role of history in uniting a nation, legitimizing identity, and learning from past mistakes. The菲律宾 historical timeline is briefly mentioned, highlighting the expansive scope of historical study.

Takeaways

• 📚 History is defined as a systematic study of past events, involving inquiry or investigation, and not just a collection of facts.
• 🗣️ Oral tradition is a form of history that includes epics, songs, and artifacts, which are passed down through generations by word of mouth.
• 📜 Historiography is the art of writing history, which involves critical examination of sources and synthesis of details into a coherent narrative.
• 🕵️‍♂️ Objectivity in history is challenging due to the subjective nature of historical accounts, which can be influenced by the writer's perspective and interpretation.
• ⏳ Time plays a significant role in the reliability of historical sources, with closer proximity to the event often leading to more accurate records.
• 📝 Primary sources are direct evidence from the time of the event, such as original documents, eyewitness accounts, and artifacts.
• 📘 Secondary sources interpret primary sources and are usually written after the event, including books, articles, and theses.
• 🏛️ The importance of history extends to uniting a nation, legitimizing collective identity, and learning from past mistakes to avoid repeating them.
• 🌟 History serves as an inspiration, guiding people to move forward and make sense of their present and future.
• 🗓️ The historical time frame of the Philippines is discussed, highlighting the expansion of historical knowledge from the prehistoric period to the arrival of the Spanish in 1521.

Q & A

What is the traditional understanding of history?

The traditional understanding of history is a record of significant events, often with an explanation of their causes.

What does the modern definition of history include?

The modern definition of history is a systematic body of knowledge acquired by inquiry or investigation.

What are the forms of oral tradition mentioned in the script?

Oral tradition includes forms such as epics, songs, artifacts, architecture, and memory.

What is historiography?

Historiography is the study of how history is written, involving the values, perspectives, and interpretations of the writers.

What does the term 'objective' mean in the context of history?

In the context of history, 'objective' means observing or reporting facts without personal feelings or interpretations.

What factors can influence the writing of history?

Factors that can influence the writing of history include the passage of time, the writer's bias, and the proximity to the event.

Why is the proximity to the event important in historical sources?

The proximity to the event is important because sources closer to the event are generally more reliable and less likely to be influenced by later interpretations or forgetfulness.

What is the significance of Herodotus in the study of history?

Herodotus is considered the father of history because he was one of the first to write a straightforward account of events, setting a precedent for historical writing.

What are primary sources in historical research?

Primary sources are original documents, artifacts, or firsthand accounts from people who witnessed the event being studied.

What are secondary sources and how do they differ from primary sources?

Secondary sources are interpretations of primary sources, often written after the event, and may include analyses, commentaries, or summaries of the original events.

Why is it important to study history?

Studying history is important to unite a nation, understand collective identity, learn from past mistakes, and inspire progress.

How does the script define the historical time frame of the Philippines?

The script suggests that the historical time frame of the Philippines starts from 97,000 BCE, but recorded history only begins with the arrival of the Spaniards in 1521.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to the Study of History

The paragraph introduces the module on the reading and history, emphasizing the need to define the meaning of history. It discusses the traditional and modern perspectives of history, highlighting that history can be both written and spoken. The paragraph also touches on the transmission of history through language and the importance of distinguishing between primary and secondary sources. It explains that history is not entirely objective, as it can be influenced by the writer's perspective and the passage of time. The concept of historiography, or the art of writing history, is introduced, noting that it involves the critical examination of sources and the synthesis of information.

05:01

🏛️ The Nature and Relevance of History

This paragraph delves into the nature of history, discussing the importance of understanding history from a Filipino perspective. It mentions Herodotus as the father of history and the significance of writing history from a native point of view. The paragraph differentiates between primary and secondary sources, explaining that primary sources are firsthand, raw, and uninterpreted, while secondary sources are interpretations of primary sources. It also emphasizes the importance of historical context, including the time, place, and significance of events, in understanding history. The paragraph concludes by discussing the division of history into prehistory and recorded history, with a focus on the菲律宾 historical timeline.

10:02

🖋️ The Art of Historiography

The paragraph focuses on historiography as the practice of writing history, which involves a critical examination of sources, attention to detail, and the synthesis of information. It outlines the steps historians take to write a historical account, including choosing a topic, researching historical sources, and analyzing the evidence. The paragraph also discusses the importance of history in uniting a nation, legitimizing collective identity, and learning from past mistakes. It highlights the historical time frame of the Philippines, noting the significant expansion of historical knowledge since the arrival of the Spanish in 1521.

15:02

🗝️ Distinguishing Primary and Secondary Sources

This paragraph discusses the distinction between primary and secondary sources in historical research. Primary sources are defined as original documents, artifacts, or firsthand accounts from the time of the event. Secondary sources, on the other hand, are interpretations or analyses of primary sources, often written after the event. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of considering the proximity to the event, the location, the credibility of the author, and the integrity of the source when evaluating the reliability of historical sources. It also provides examples of primary and secondary sources and discusses the criteria for determining their validity.

20:04

📚 Evaluating the Validity of Historical Sources

The final paragraph continues the discussion on evaluating historical sources, focusing on the validity of primary and secondary sources. It provides examples to illustrate the difference between the two and emphasizes the importance of understanding the context in which the sources were created. The paragraph also touches on the role of memory as a primary source and the challenges of interpreting historical events without direct experience or understanding. It concludes by highlighting the importance of critical analysis in historical research to ensure a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the past.

Keywords

💡History

History refers to the study of past events, particularly those of significance, and their causes. In the video, history is presented as a systematic body of knowledge that involves inquiry and investigation. It is not just a collection of facts but also includes interpretations and narratives that shape our understanding of the past. The video emphasizes the importance of history in understanding the present and shaping the future, as well as its role in defining cultural and national identities.

💡Primary Sources

Primary sources are original materials that are closest to the event being studied. They can include documents, artifacts, or firsthand accounts created during the time period under investigation. The video explains that primary sources are crucial for historians as they provide direct evidence of what happened. Examples given include letters, pictures, and government documents, which are considered reliable if they are close in time to the event they describe.

💡Secondary Sources

Secondary sources are interpretations or analyses of primary sources, often written after the fact and not by direct witnesses. They can include books, articles, and theses that synthesize and interpret historical data. The video discusses how secondary sources are valuable for understanding history but are not as direct or immediate as primary sources. They are subject to the biases and perspectives of the authors and the time in which they were written.

💡Historiography

Historiography is the study of how history is written, including the methods and practices historians use to research, analyze, and interpret historical evidence. The video describes historiography as an art that involves critical examination of sources, attention to detail, and the synthesis of information into a coherent narrative. It is the process through which historians construct the story of the past based on available evidence.

💡Oral Tradition

Oral tradition refers to the transmission of knowledge, stories, and history through spoken language rather than written records. The video mentions oral tradition as a form of history that predates written records, including epics, songs, and stories passed down through generations. This form of history is significant because it reflects the cultural memory and values of societies that did not have writing systems.

💡Artifacts

Artifacts are objects made by humans that provide insights into past cultures and events. In the context of the video, artifacts are considered primary sources because they are physical remnants of the past that can be analyzed to understand historical contexts. They can include tools, artwork, architecture, and other items that offer tangible evidence of past human activity.

💡Bias

Bias refers to the inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way that is unfair or uncritical. The video discusses how bias can influence historical accounts, as writers may have personal, cultural, or political motivations that affect their portrayal of events. Understanding the potential biases in historical sources is important for critically evaluating the accuracy and reliability of historical narratives.

💡Proximity

Proximity, in the context of historical sources, refers to the closeness in time or space to the event being studied. The video explains that sources that are closer in time to the event they describe are generally more reliable. This is because they are less likely to be influenced by the distortions of memory or the reinterpretations that can occur over time.

💡Objective and Subjective

Objective refers to a perspective that is based on facts and observable reality, while subjective refers to personal opinions, feelings, or interpretations. The video discusses the challenge of achieving objectivity in historical accounts, as historians must often interpret and select from available evidence, which can introduce subjective elements into their narratives.

💡Significance

Significance in historical studies refers to the importance or relevance of an event, person, or object to the broader understanding of history. The video emphasizes the need for historians to identify and analyze significant elements of the past to construct meaningful narratives. This involves assessing the impact and influence of historical events on subsequent developments and the present.

💡Prehistory

Prehistory is the period before written records, covering the time when humans did not have systems of writing to document their history. The video mentions prehistory in the context of the Philippines, indicating that the country's history extends back to a time when there were no written records, and thus the study of this period relies on archaeological and anthropological evidence.

Highlights

Definition of history as a systematic study of past events and their causes.

Discussion on the distinction between primary and secondary sources in historical research.

Exploration of the importance of history, including its role in understanding the present and guiding the future.

Explanation of historiography as the art of writing history, including the critical examination of sources.

The impact of time on the reliability of historical records and the role of memory in oral tradition.

The influence of the writer's bias on the interpretation of historical events.

The significance of the proximity to the event in determining the credibility of historical sources.

The role of Herodotus as the father of history and his contribution to the field.

The concept of history as a narrative that is shaped by the values and perspectives of the historian.

The division of history into prehistory and recorded history, with a focus on the Philippines' historical timeline.

The importance of historical research in uniting a nation and shaping collective identity.

The process of writing a historical account, including the selection of a topic and the analysis of historical sources.

The role of history in preventing the repetition of past mistakes and inspiring progress.

The significance of primary sources in providing firsthand accounts of historical events.

The distinction between primary and secondary sources based on their production time relative to the event.

The credibility of sources and the importance of the writer's reputation in historical research.

The concept of historical sources as artifacts, documents, and personal accounts that provide evidence of past events.

The role of secondary sources in interpreting primary sources and their limitations.

Transcripts

Okay good day my dear students so today

we going to

discuss mod one of reading and

history so first today Let's

first define the meaning of history so

history is Yes some people say it is

study

of well Uh in this module we going to

discuss the Min of history distinction

of primary and secondary sources

including the external and internal

reison Yeah meaning and relevance of

history so history could be written and

could be

spoken written kapag ang kasaysayan ay

sin Yes that transmission of history is

true and I spoke can

k his tr

language the traditional understanding

of history is starting out

fast yes and phonological record of

significant events often explanation of

their causes so pag makaluma makalumang

definitions study of the best kasi sence

din pag-aaral ng and ganyan na history

Pero kapag modern It is a systematic B

of knowledge of

acir to inquired or investigation so

meaning is historia which means

knowledge acir to or

investigation kapag merong systematic

knowledge merong kailangan ng storya to

inquiry or investigation then that is

Yes modern definition of these

sts some sources are oral tradition in

form of epics songs artifacts

architecture memory etc so Uh pag oral

tradition Dito rin a kind of

spoken mga

kinan and

so so the arts the arts of writing the

history is

historiography the study of how history

is written pan kung paano sinulat ang

history it involves how History ised by

the values

right story is not totally objective it

a subjective s Why Anong ibig sabihin ng

objective obser objective means observe

of FS yan yung mga

kita nararamdaman y yung mga fact one mo

kapag subjective that is self-definition

self so history lang daw a hindi based

on facts lagi minsan nalalagyan ng

interpretation interpretation ng mga

writer o for

example Ah yung definition ko ng history

iba sa definition nga ng history or ang

ah agag may isang bagay na artifacts ba

yung definition niya non mga nakalagay d

na nakasulat at

ibang factors affecting St time it was

written or the

date why bakit sometimes Dat ang

nakakaapekto because sometimes people do

forget example the event happened last

20 years ago tapos the author ah

realized that needs to write the

experience that he has ngayon mga

experience naang naras o then hindi

naman lahat ng detail na naranasan niya

ay masulat niya kasi people tend to

forget one another factor that influence

the history is time because Bakit ngab

yung time

kasi the more closer to the event the

more or reliable for example There's a

book tapos yung publication ng book na

yan or creation of that book is Uh

somehow closer to the event then that is

reliable than the one publish years

years years ago after the event bias of

the writers Syempre alam naman natin na

may mga w na may hidden agenda one

intention of writing narratives and last

lastly is the proximity to the also the

distance could eff

Why sometimes because malayo tayo kahit

n tayo sa event kung malayo tayo hindi

natin talaga nakita tatang natin

sometimes may nammiss tayong detail may

namisinterpret tayong

detail ba h natin napakinggan kung ano

talaga yung

sinabi na-misinterpret

mo ung mga guess sir ta sa baung masulat

mo anan

proximity Yes philosophy obviously

then that refers to Herodotus the father

of

is because he is the one who wr wrote

the person wise here

499 to

479 then called it na his t

is Yes which was a Straight forward

account of the So yun sinulat niya yung

ano no sinulat niya yung laban yung so

according to Salazar dapat daw the way

we wr our story is bas on the Filipino

perspective or pantayo G na kung saan

maintindihan to ng mga bawat

dcan daw gumamit lamang ng isang C para

Mayo ihan daw yung mga

kahulugan mga daluma Tay sa pantay pan

salaysay epic nito kong bayan

pero an yung mga pwedeng pagkuha says

historical sources

prim It Could Be consider a for the

first hand fresh raw not get interpret

the one who Witness the event and is

primary and also written during the

event sample of that there is letter

picture and government

documents

Okay secondary if secondary if

interpretation of primary sources may

interpret na written at the time we

beyond the event and also just a copy or

imitation of the

original element of history dapat yung

sa may date nakalagay kung kailan

nagaganap nangyayari as

Nah nga ang history ay ang history ay sa

kasaysayang may saysay na may saysay na

sinayan sal lahit so kapag walang kung

walang people malayong people sa element

of history may saysay ba wala kung may

date ba yun Alam mo bang yun ay

kasaysayan hindi

t paang sabi doon kung may place ba yun

Alam mo ba kung kanino saing lahi o ' ba

kung h ba d nakalagay yung significance

Kahalagahan may saysay pa may

importansya pa wala then that is the

emory kasi nga ang ay kasaysayang may

saysay na sasayan ng sa ginda

ang kasaysayan ay salaysay na may saysay

na sinasalaysay

sa An myus

salaza so after tayong pananong niat

naintindihan ng bawat tao G na yung mga

Pilipino So this is the division of

history Oo tinatawag tayo na prehistory

ito yung panahon kung saan there is no

written record in the history wala pang

record so during this time yung mga tao

hindi pa nila nire-record hindi pa nila

nasusulat yung mga his So kung anong

meron so we do analy to fils nor

biologist and

anthropologist panahon ng mga tao mga

mga Homo sapiens ganyan h pa R sila

marunong mag magsulat magbasa ng mga

dinosaurs yan so yan kamukha

niyo kayo

noon so n panahon na people understand

how to write nagkaroon

ng so ito yung period when m started to

write record even using a system of

rting L ng mga libro not cook yan analy

to cards way metal po R papers yan mga

clay tablets Naron Nam mga

ganon so yan yung mga

Ren may mga

nakasulat and all those written are

studied by stor and anan yung mga yes

yung

mga na pinagaalala ng

mga ng mga

stor Mr

Cha rle of historians to look at the

look at theil

sources in subject

of looking the available sources and

also to organize the p that being

created very self-explanatory to seek

for the meaning of recovering the past

to let the people see continue rel so

therefore historians do search

pinagaaral history to cover The un of

the St and to connect that to the

relevance of the

social

scienti so science merong natural merong

social natural science andung physical

and

biological sa physical sa Physics and

chemistry sa biological Andy Andy that

is science Well in the social

science

Economics Political Science Sociology

anthropology

philosophy geography and psychology

therefore agag nag major ka ng sofy

lahat yan ain lahatan major that is

social

science Okay like what I've said

historiography is the art of

writing This is the practice of writing

the

siging critical examination of sources

seduction of particle

details materials in those sources and

the synesis of those

deta done historical research with

historical so

y You have to choose a topic historical

sources mga steps to write a

historical account

or to write a histor a

history to practice

historiography para ka ng gumagawa ng

ISIS importance of his to unite a nation

of course if all of the people in the

nation know their ro know their history

then They know the future

also They know their

identities to

legitimize for of identity collective m

so pagalam ng ta k

identity

and make sense of the and also to not

rep mistakes of the pinag-aaralan ng

history for Yes para Hwag munang balikan

yung M

pagkakamali kas pag binabalikan mo pa

ung pagkakamali mo you're not learning

you're not learning in like more or or

making yourself CL Ano na yun top people

to get their good boxes to move forward

sa inyo move forward pi you to move on

history are inspiring you to move on

So this is the historical time frame of

philippines so yan nag-start daw ang

ating history ng

97,000

bce

however that time are no Record it is

mag-start lang ang ating history noong

pagdating ng mga Espanyol so therefore

nag-expand ng ating history ay nasa

500 years

back imagine that Spaniard came in the

Philippines

1521 ngayon is

20204 so therefore napakaiksi ng

pinagaralan lan sa ating history

napakaiksi ang alam natin sa ating Now

let's go to another topic a distinction

of prim and second sorry

St

and an mauli y historical sources

sources prod of the same

time itung

original primary source mga yan mga

mismong dokumento

documents original copy of articles

of y manung which

artifact primary source also yung ikaw

mismo Yes nawitness

kwento is the primary source primary

source si lola kasi nquest na mismo yung

event

Oo record naman ito

mga original copy

of pogi ni kuya

Oo Well done written sources ito yung

mga painting

Ars

m prim

sources mga dapat m malaman of sources

first when when was it

prod The Closer to the event is the more

mas malapit sa event mas reliable

localization Where to Saan ba

nag for example nung event nangyari sa

Pangasinan Tapos yung ah artifact mo

nakita mo sa

Bisayas connected ba parang na siya

primary source

gan other ship rocket may credibility ba

ung nagsulat kilala ba ung nagsulat ung

nagsulat ba is ah Sure ka ba na siose

Rizal yung nagsulat ng LOL met anger and

nakapin na nakuta mo o another

version

so so tignan mo muna Malay mo yung

nagsulat kaa Yes hindi kilala mo or

hindi talaga siya o mal is the

the production Saang gawa pilaw ng Batan

na ginamit para sa

production and

integrity and credibility Meron bang

evidential value yung

content trusty ba pagk lang ba secondary

source by and pag ininterpret na

secondary pag-analyze na

secondary sample of that

trs dissertations journal

mag few

years Sabi ko ba kapag it happened way

beyond the event or it was written way

beyond the event maing hindi na siya

prim should be happen ev para maging

prims so like have said The Closer to

the

event the

more the more chances of ths or the more

enable or the more reliable l

[Musika]

Resource mga yan book secondary source

and also

a monument or a thesis rather he writing

a thesis but is secondary

SS Okay let's find out kung primary or

secondary to

event

primary rol

Pilipina YouTube channel

primary

source

m primary memory kasi memory is

prim pain of the Nation

by

question Wait lang This is secondary

question pain of the Nation

secondary

source

second well books books are secondary

source

unless Experience the of the so

Generation without understanding by

constantin interpr the event of the

nation of her without understanding that

is interpretation of the that is second

langis so dap

malagot kung valid

C paano nalaman ng author

yung ung nangyari present vers event k

present then

is ung nangyari kanina yung mga na