KABINET WILOPO (MASA DEMOKRASI LIBERAL) | MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12
Summary
TLDRThis Indonesian history class delves into the formation, development, and end of the Wilopo Cabinet, the third in the era of liberal democracy. Formed from a coalition between PNI and Masyumi, the cabinet faced economic challenges, including a drastic drop in export revenue and budget deficit. It also grappled with military relations, highlighted by the October 17th incident, a military demonstration against the government. The Wilopo Cabinet's end came after the Tanjung Morawa incident, where five farmers were killed, leading to a parliamentary motion and the cabinet's resignation.
Takeaways
- 📜 The video script is a lecture on the history of Indonesia, focusing on the Wilopo cabinet during the era of liberal democracy.
- 🌟 The Wilopo cabinet was formed following President Soekarno's decision, with the official inauguration on April 3, 1952.
- 🔄 The cabinet was a coalition between the PNI and Masyumi parties, which faced challenges in cooperation from the beginning.
- ⏳ The Wilopo cabinet's tenure ended on July 30, 1953, after a series of political and economic challenges.
- 🤝 The initial alliance between PNI, Masyumi, PKI, and the military was aimed at postponing elections due to fears of Masyumi's victory.
- 💼 The Wilopo cabinet had several work programs, including conducting elections, improving public welfare and education, restoring stability and security, and pursuing an active foreign policy.
- 📉 Economic challenges included a post-Korean War downturn in export demand for rubber, leading to a significant reduction in state revenue and a budget deficit.
- 🚨 The October 17th Incident in 1952 was a military demonstration against the government, reflecting deteriorating relations between the civil government and the military.
- 🛑 The Tanjung Morawa Incident on March 16, 1953, involved a violent clash between farmers and police, resulting in the deaths of five farmers and contributing to the cabinet's downfall.
- 📉 The worsening economic situation led to increased import costs, especially for rice, after crop failures in several regions of Indonesia.
- 🔄 Internal conflicts within the military and disagreements over military education and foreign involvement contributed to the instability of the Wilopo cabinet.
Q & A
Who was appointed by President Soekarno to form a new cabinet after Sukiman's resignation?
-President Soekarno appointed Wilopo to form a new cabinet after Sukiman's resignation.
What was the coalition that formed the Wilopo cabinet?
-The Wilopo cabinet was formed from a coalition between the PNI and Masyumi parties.
What was the main issue that led to the failure of Sasmito and Sidik Joko Sukarto in forming a cabinet?
-The main issue was the struggle for the Ministry of Religion between NU and Muhammadiyah, as well as political conflicts within Masyumi.
What was the significant event that marked the beginning of Wilopo's cabinet?
-Wilopo's cabinet was officially inaugurated on April 3, 1952, following Presidential Decision No. 85 of 1952.
What were the main goals of Wilopo's cabinet during its term?
-The main goals were to hold elections for the MPR, DPD, and Constituents Assembly, increase the prosperity and education of the people, restore stability and security, and implement an active foreign policy including the return of West Papua to Indonesian territory.
What economic challenges did Wilopo's cabinet face after the end of the Korean War in 1951?
-The economic challenges included a drastic reduction in export demand for rubber by 71%, leading to a sharp decrease in national revenue and a state budget deficit due to increased import needs, especially for rice stockpiling after crop failures in several regions.
What was the October 17th Incident, and what were its implications for Wilopo's cabinet?
-The October 17th Incident was a military demonstration involving the lowering of artillery towards the Presidential Palace. It was a result of worsening economic conditions and led to increased tension between the civil government and the military, marking a peak in their deteriorating relationship.
What was the Tanjung Morawa Incident, and how did it contribute to the end of Wilopo's cabinet?
-The Tanjung Morawa Incident was a bloody clash between farmers and police in North Sumatra, resulting in the death of five farmers. It became a debated issue in the parliament, leading to a motion of censure from the Tani Indonesia faction, which contributed to the collapse of the coalition in the cabinet and Wilopo's decision to resign.
What was the role of the military in the political conflicts during Wilopo's cabinet term?
-The military played a significant role in the political conflicts, with internal disagreements and external pressures leading to demonstrations and demands for the dissolution of the parliament, which ultimately affected the stability and public trust in Wilopo's cabinet.
What were the consequences of the military's actions during the October 17th Incident for the military leadership?
-The military's actions led to the dismissal of key military leaders, including Nasution as the Chief of Staff, and the immediate discharge of soldiers who supported the action, marking a significant shift in civil-military relations.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Indonesian History Class
The script begins with a welcome to a 12th-grade Indonesian history class. The teacher prepares students to revisit the past, starting with the political events following Sukiman's resignation as Prime Minister. President Soekarno appointed Prawoto and Sasmito from Masyumi, and Sidik Joko Sukarto from PNI, to formulate a new cabinet format. However, they failed due to disputes over the Ministry of Religion and political conflicts within Masyumi. The task was then given to Wilopo from PNI, who became the third Prime Minister to be discussed in the material, focusing on the era of liberal democracy. The class will cover the formation of Wilopo's cabinet, its development, and its eventual end. The cabinet was formed based on a coalition between PNI and Masyumi, but faced challenges such as the TNI's distrust of Masyumi's religious motivations and the desire to delay elections. Wilopo's government initiated several programs, including organizing elections, improving prosperity and education, restoring stability and security, and implementing an active foreign policy, including the return of West Papua to Indonesian territory.
🛑 Challenges and End of Wilopo's Cabinet
The second paragraph delves into the challenges faced by Wilopo's cabinet, including a deteriorating economy post-Korean War, which led to a drastic reduction in export revenue and a state budget deficit due to increased import needs. The government responded by imposing additional import taxes on luxury goods, supported by Masyumi but opposed by PNI, causing tension within the coalition. The economic situation worsened, leading to the October 17th Incident in 1952, a military demonstration against the government, which planned to reduce the state budget by cutting bureaucracy and military personnel. This was supported by central military leaders but opposed by regional military leaders, leading to internal conflict and the eventual mobilization of troops near the Presidential Palace with demands to dissolve the parliament. President Soekarno firmly rejected these demands, leading to the dissolution of the demonstration but also the removal of key military figures and a significant strain on the relationship between the civilian government and the military. The paragraph concludes with the downfall of Wilopo's cabinet due to the Tanjung Morawa Incident, a bloody conflict between farmers and police, which resulted in the death of five farmers and further political turmoil. This incident, along with the subsequent parliamentary motion condemning it, led to the coalition within the cabinet collapsing and Wilopo resigning as Prime Minister.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Wilopo
💡Masyumi
💡PNI
💡Economic Crisis
💡17 October Incident
💡Tanjung Morawa Incident
💡Soekarno
💡Kabinet Wilopo
💡Democracy Liberal
💡PKI
💡Military-Civilian Relations
Highlights
Introduction to the Indonesian History class for 12th graders, focusing on the past.
Sukiman's resignation and Soekarno's appointment of Prawoto and Sidik Joko Sukarto to form a new cabinet.
Failure to form a cabinet due to religious ministry disputes and political conflicts within Masyumi.
Wilopo's appointment as the third Prime Minister to be discussed in the material on liberal democracy.
Cabinet Wilopo's formation based on Presidential Decision No. 85 of 1952 and its official inauguration on April 3, 1952.
The coalition between PNI and Masyumi and the initial loss of working spirit due to TNI's suspicion of Masyumi's religious motivations.
TNI's search for allies to delay elections out of fear of Masyumi's victory, leading to an alliance with PKI and PNI.
Wilopo's government programs including conducting elections, improving prosperity and education, restoring stability, and implementing active foreign policies.
Economic challenges post-Korean War, including a drastic reduction in rubber export demand and state revenue.
Government measures to address the economic crisis, such as imposing additional import taxes on luxury goods.
The October 17th Incident, a military demonstration against the government, including the mobilization of troops and artillery towards the Presidential Palace.
President Soekarno's refusal to dissolve the parliament and the subsequent dissolution of the military action.
The Tanjung Morawa Incident on March 16, 1953, a bloody clash between farmers and police over land rights.
The Tanjung Morawa Incident's impact on the cabinet, leading to the collapse of the coalition and Wilopo's resignation.
Conclusion of the material on the liberal democracy period under the Wilopo cabinet, highlighting the formation, development, and end of the cabinet.
Invitation for questions, revisions, or corrections in the comments section, and a reminder to like and subscribe.
Transcripts
Halo teman-teman selamat datang di kelas
Sejarah Indonesia kelas 12 bersama saya
Dida persiapkan diri kalian karena kita
akan kembali ke masa lalu maka dari itu
Yuk kita mulai
[Musik]
setelah Sukiman menyatakan mundur dengan
menyerahkan mandatnya selaku perdana
menteri Presiden Soekarno menunjuk
Prawoto mengku Sasmito dari Masyumi dan
Sidik Joko sukarto dari PNI untuk
menyusun format tour kabinet yang baru
Namun kedua tokoh tersebut gagal untuk
menyusun formatur kabinet akibat dari
perebutan kementerian agama oleh NU dan
Muhammadiyah serta konflik politik di
tubuh Masyumi sehingga presiden
mengalihkan tugas penyusunan formatur
kabinet kepada wilopo dari PNI wilopo
tokoh kelahiran Purworejo Jawa Tengah
akhirnya menjadi pedalaman menteri
ketiga yang akan kita bahas dalam materi
kita kali ini yaitu masa demokrasi
liberal kabinet wilopo Nah untuk
memudahkan kalian dalam memahami materi
maka dari itu perhatikan peta konsep
berikut ini pertama kita akan melihat
bagaimana pembentukan dari kabinet
wilopo kedua kita akan melihat Bagaimana
perkembangan dari kabinet wilopo dan
terakhir kita akan melihat bagaimana
akhir dari kabinet wilopo maka dari itu
Yuk kita bahas konsep kita yang pertama
pembentukan kabinet wilopo didasarkan
atas keputusan Presiden Republik
Indonesia di nomor 85 tahun 1952 kabinet
wilopo resmi dilantik di tanggal 3 April
tahun 1952 dan mengakhiri perjalanan
pemerintahannya di tanggal 30 Juli tahun
1953
kabinet wilopo dibentuk dari Koalisi
antara partai PNI dan Masyumi
koalisi ini semenjak awal telah
kehilangan semangat bekerja sama TNI
sebagai pimpinan kabinet mulai menaruh
rasa curiga terhadap Masyumi yang
membawa motivasi keagamaan dan akhirnya
TNI mulai mencari sekutu untuk
membantunya untuk menunda Pemilu karena
ketakutan akan dimenangkannya Pemilu
oleh Masyumi
PKI dan PNI mulai bersekutu yang
menghasilkan keuntungan bagi kedua belah
pihak anggota PKI yang ditangkap dalam
razia Agustus mulai dibebaskan sedangkan
kabinet wilopo tidak akan mendapatkan
celaan dari PKI dan aksi pemungutan yang
mulai berangsur berkurang
sementara itu dalam menjalankan
pemerintahannya wilopo menyusun beberapa
program kerja yaitu pertama
menyelenggarakan Pemilu untuk memilih
anggota DPR DPRD dan konstituante kedua
meningkatkan kemakmuran dan pendidikan
rakyat ketiga pemulihan stabilitas
keamanan keempat melaksanakan politik
luar negeri bebas aktif dan pengembalian
Irian Barat untuk masuk ke dalam wilayah
Republik Indonesia
selanjutnya kita akan bahas mengenai
perkembangan dari pemerintahan kabinet
wilopo semasa pemerintahannya wilopo
menghadapi serangkaian masalah-masalah
yang harus ia tangani seperti yang
pertama yaitu memburuknya situasi
ekonomi
pasca berakhirnya Perang Korea di tahun
1951 permintaan terhadap ekspor karet
ternyata semakin menurun hingga mencapai
71% mengakibatkan pendapatan negara
berkurang secara drastis dan kas negara
yang mengalami defisit karena kebutuhan
barang impor yang meningkat terutama
untuk mengatasi persediaan stok beras
terlebih setelah terjadi gagal panen di
sejumlah daerah di Indonesia
untuk mengatasi situasi tersebut
pemerintah wilopo bertindak dengan
membebankan biaya tambahan sebesar 100
hingga 200% untuk impor barang mewah
tindakan yang didukung oleh partai
Masyumi namun disikapi secara berlawanan
oleh PNI sehingga ketegangan kembali
terjadi diantara kedua partai yang
berkoalisi
memburuknya situasi ekonomi tersebut
merambat terhadap masalah kedua yang
harus dihadapi oleh kabinet wilopo yaitu
munculnya Peristiwa 17 Oktober di tahun
1952 sebuah peristiwa yang dikenal
dengan aksi demonstrasi militer dengan
menurunkan meriam Ke arah Istana Negara
latar belakang peristiwa ini terjadi
sebagai akibat dari situasi ekonomi yang
memburuk mengakibatkan pemerintahan
wilopo merencanakan untuk mengurangi
anggaran negara dengan memangkas jumlah
birokrasi dan militer dari 200.000
personel hingga menyisakan 100.000
personil tindakan yang didukung oleh
pimpinan militer pusat seperti ksad
yaitu AH Nasution dan kepala staf
Angkatan Perang yaitu TB Simatupang yang
menginginkan suatu komando militer yang
tersentralisasi dan profesional suatu
tindakan yang tentu saja ditentang oleh
pimpinan militer daerah
Selain itu konflik internal di tubuh
militer pun turut mendorong lahirnya
peristiwa ini karena kritikan Nasution
yang dilontarkan kepada sistem
pendidikan militer yang cenderung
ideologis dan politis serta pernyataan
Nasution dimana ia mengusulkan agar
mendatangkan misi militer Belanda atau
MBB untuk membantu dalam segi teknis
alih-alih mendidik kader militer dengan
pendekatan militer ala Jepang
Bambang Supeno selaku pimpinan dari
sekolah perwira Chandra di muka akhirnya
mengirim surat kepada Soekarno mengenai
ketidaksukaannya terhadap usulan
tersebut yang mengakibatkan ia akhirnya
dipecat dari militer oleh Nasution
tindakan Nasution memicu kecaman
parlemen dengan mengeluarkan mosi
mengenai Soviet Untuk menghentikan nbb
yang dianggapnya sebagai Pro Barat serta
berhenti untuk menyudutkan tentara
ekspektasi Bambang Supeno militer
menilai tindakan parlemen sebagai wujud
campur tangan sipil terhadap urusan
militer sehingga berakhir dengan
tindakan Angkatan Darat untuk
memobilisasi 30.000 masa serta membawa
artileri dan tank-tank ke depan Istana
Negara dengan membawa tuntutan kepada
Soekarno agar melakukan pembubaran
terhadap parlemen
presiden dengan tegas menolak tuntunan
tersebut dan meminta masa Untuk
menghentikan aksi Demonstrasi yang
berakhir dengan pembubaran masa
setelah insiden tersebut makan Nasution
dicopot jabatannya selaku KSR dan
tentara-tentara yang mendukung aksi
tersebut segera dipecat peristiwa yang
menandai fase Puncak memburuknya
hubungan antara pemerintah sipil dan
militer sekaligus menjadi ancaman besar
bagi kepercayaan publik terhadap Kabinet
wilopo
selanjutnya kita akan membahas mengenai
akhir dari kabinet wilopo
setelah masalah-masalah buruk yang kerap
menimpa pemerintahan kabinet wilopo
harus menghadapi kejatuhannya setelah
masalah yang terjadi di daerah di bawah
ke nasional
tanggal 16 Maret tahun 1953 terjadi
sebuah peristiwa bernama peristiwa
Tanjung Morawa sebuah insiden berdarah
di Tanjung Morawa Sumatera Utara
peristiwa yang diingat sebagai bentrok
petani dengan kepolisian yang
merencanakan penggusuran para petani di
lahan milik daily planter 1942
[Musik]
menginginkan agar lahannya segera
dikosongkan namun ditentang oleh petani
setempat dengan dukungan dari PKI
bentrok berakhir dengan tewasnya 5
petani menjadi sebuah isu yang
diperdebatkan di parlemen sehingga
keluarlah mosi dari barisan tari
Indonesia yang mengecam insiden tersebut
mengakibatkan koalisi di kabinet mulai
goyah dan wilopo selaku Perdana Menteri
memutuskan untuk menyerahkan mandatnya
kepada presiden Nah itulah akhir dari
kabinet wilopo selanjutnya Mari kita
tarik kesimpulannya
kesimpulan dari materi mengenai masa
demokrasi liberal kabinet wilopo yang
pertama yaitu pembentukan kabinet
-kabinet wilopo yang dibentuk setelah
keluarnya Keputusan Presiden Republik
Indonesia nomor 85 tahun 1952 merupakan
kabinet ketiga di era demokrasi liberal
yang dibentuk dari Koalisi antara partai
PNI dan Masyumi kedua perkembangan
pemerintahan ada beberapa hal yang bisa
kita amati seperti memburuknya situasi
ekonomi dengan menurunnya pemasukan dari
pendapatan ekspor serta defisit anggaran
akibat dari meningkatnya impor Selain
itu masalah mengenai memburuknya
hubungan pemerintah sipil dan militer
yang dapat kita amati dalam peristiwa 17
Oktober di tahun 1952 ketiga akhir dari
kabinet wilopo yaitu kabinet ini harus
mengakhiri pemerintahannya diakibatkan
oleh peristiwa Tanjung Morawa suatu
peristiwa yang dikenal dengan tewasnya 5
petani di Sumatera Utara yang berakhir
dengan keluarnya mosi barisan Tani
Indonesia Nah itulah materi kita kali
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