What is Science? | Introduction To Science | Definition of science | Types of science | Letstute

Summary

This script explores the marvels of science as the key to understanding the world's myriad events. It delves into the fundamental forces, like gravity, and the scientific method's cycle of inquiry and discovery. The script categorizes science into Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, illustrating their interplay in everyday phenomena like making lime juice. It emphasizes the dual-edged nature of science, capable of both innovation and harm, ultimately urging viewers to harness science responsibly for the greater good.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Earth is full of events involving both living organisms and inanimate structures, which can amaze or terrify us.
• 🧠 Curiosity drives us to ask questions about these events, and the answer to these questions is often science.
• ❓ Science is about understanding the world by asking questions, like Newton did when he explored gravity.
• 🍎 Gravity existed long before Newton, but it was understood and explained when he asked 'What, How & Why?'
• 🧪 Science is divided into three main branches: Physics (motion and force), Chemistry (reactions between matter), and Biology (living organisms and their processes).
• 🥤 The example of making lime juice demonstrates how Physics, Chemistry, and Biology work together in our everyday lives.
• 🔬 Basic Science involves asking questions, forming hypotheses, experimenting, and reaching conclusions.
• ⚙️ Applied Science is about using established knowledge to create practical solutions, like using lime juice in various ways.
• ⚖️ Science has both positive and negative impacts, such as the benefits of nuclear energy versus the dangers of nuclear bombs.
• 💡 The key to science is how we choose to use it—for good or for harm—and with a compassionate approach, it can change the world.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the video script?

The main theme of the video script is to explain the concept of science, its branches, and its application in everyday life, emphasizing the importance of curiosity and questioning in understanding the world.

What are the three main branches of science mentioned in the script?

The three main branches of science mentioned are Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

How does the script describe the role of curiosity in the pursuit of science?

The script describes curiosity as a driving force that leads to asking questions, which in turn leads to the discovery and understanding of scientific principles.

What is the significance of Sir Isaac Newton's story in the context of the script?

Sir Isaac Newton's story is used to illustrate the point that scientific principles, like gravity, have always existed but were only understood and explained when someone decided to ask 'What, How, and Why'.

How does the script explain the concept of gravity?

The script explains gravity as an invisible force of attraction that the Earth exerts on all objects, which is responsible for keeping us grounded and not floating away.

What is the role of Physics in the context of making lime juice as described in the script?

Physics is concerned with the force applied while stirring the juice and the motion involved, whether it's fast or slow.

What does the script say about the relationship between Chemistry and the process of making lime juice?

Chemistry is involved in the reactions between the ingredients to form lime juice, such as the combination of hydrogen and oxygen to form water.

How is Biology related to the consumption of lime juice according to the script?

Biology is concerned with how the body extracts benefits from the juice, focusing on the life processes of living organisms and their interaction with the environment.

What are the two main categories of science described in the script?

The two main categories of science are Basic science, which is concerned with understanding the origins and principles, and Applied science, which focuses on the practical uses of established knowledge.

What is the script's stance on the potential negative impacts of science?

The script suggests that science itself is not inherently good or bad; rather, it's the application and intention behind its use that determine its impact, emphasizing the importance of using science responsibly.

How does the script encourage viewers to engage with the content?

The script encourages viewers to like the session, post comments about the best use of science, share it with friends, and subscribe to the channel for more educational content.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 The Role of Science in Understanding Our World

This paragraph introduces the concept of science as the key to understanding the myriad of events on Earth, both observable and unobservable. It emphasizes the curiosity-driven nature of science, which seeks to explain the world around us through questions and answers. The paragraph highlights the invisible force of gravity as an example of a scientific concept that was understood through the inquisitive mind of Sir Isaac Newton. It also touches on the idea that science is not just about finding a single answer but can involve multiple theories and perspectives, likening it to navigating a maze. The three main branches of science—Physics, Chemistry, and Biology—are introduced, with an example of how they all play a role in the simple act of making lime juice.

05:06

🔬 The Interconnectedness of Science and Its Categories

The second paragraph delves into the unity of the scientific disciplines, illustrating how Physics, Chemistry, and Biology work in concert, not just in the preparation of lime juice but in every event we encounter. It categorizes science into Basic and Applied science, explaining the cycle of inquiry, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion that characterizes Basic science. The paragraph also discusses the practical applications of science, such as in the creation of fruit juice concentrates or the curing of indigestion, and acknowledges the potential dual-use nature of scientific advancements, such as nuclear energy for power or weaponry, and the impact of technology and genetic engineering on society and the environment.

10:10

🚀 The Power and Responsibility of Scientific Pursuit

The final paragraph reflects on the immense potential of science when approached with a generous and compassionate heart. It encourages viewers to embrace their inner scientist by asking fundamental questions about the world. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for viewers to engage with the content, share their thoughts on the best use of science, and subscribe for more educational sessions. It emphasizes the importance of challenging everything and enjoying the learning process, while also considering the ethical implications of how science is applied.

Keywords

💡Science

Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. In the video, it represents the pursuit of understanding the world around us through inquiry and curiosity, exemplified by the explanation of gravity and the apple falling on Sir Isaac Newton's head.

💡Gravity

Gravity is a natural force that attracts two objects with mass towards each other. In the script, gravity is used to illustrate a fundamental concept in physics that explains why objects fall to the ground, and it is personified as an 'invisible attraction' that Sir Isaac Newton helped to understand.

💡Curiosity

Curiosity, as mentioned in the video, is the desire to learn or know more about something or someone. It is the driving force behind scientific inquiry and is what leads individuals to ask questions and seek answers, as exemplified by the billions of questions that run through people's minds every day.

💡Physics

Physics is a branch of science that deals with matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. In the context of the video, physics is shown to be involved in everyday activities like stirring lime juice, highlighting its relevance in understanding the natural world.

💡Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the properties, composition, and reactions of elements and compounds. The script uses the mixing of ingredients to make lime juice as an example of a chemical process, where reactions between different types of matter form new substances.

💡Biology

Biology is the study of living organisms and their vital processes. The video relates biology to how our bodies benefit from consuming lime juice, emphasizing the role of biology in understanding life processes and the relationship between organisms and their environment.

💡Basic Science

Basic science, as discussed in the script, involves the fundamental research aimed at understanding the origins and mechanisms of phenomena. It is characterized by a cycle of asking questions, making hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions, as illustrated by the example of making lime juice.

💡Applied Science

Applied science is the practical application of scientific principles and theories to real-world problems and solutions. The video contrasts basic science with applied science, noting that applied science looks at the various uses of established knowledge, such as making fruit juice concentrates or curing indigestion with lime juice.

💡Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, made as a starting point for further investigation. In the script, the process of making an assumption about the ingredients and process of making lime juice is an example of formulating a hypothesis, which is then tested through experimentation.

💡Experimentation

Experimentation is a method used in science to test the validity of a hypothesis. The video describes the process of making lime juice based on assumptions and testing those predictions to see if they hold true, which is a fundamental part of the scientific method.

💡Ethics in Science

Ethics in science refers to the moral principles that guide the conduct of scientific research and the application of scientific knowledge. The video touches on the potential positive and negative impacts of scientific discoveries, such as nuclear energy and genetic engineering, emphasizing the importance of ethical considerations in how science is used.

Highlights

Earth experiences countless events involving both living organisms and inanimate structures.

Curiosity about the world around us leads to questions about the nature of events and their occurrences.

Science is the answer to questions about the world, providing knowledge through inquiry.

Gravity is a fundamental force explained by Sir Isaac Newton, illustrating the power of asking questions.

Science involves understanding the world through curiosity and asking a multitude of questions.

Science can have multiple theories explaining events, much like navigating a maze of possibilities.

Science is categorized into Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, each playing a role in understanding the world.

Physics is concerned with the forces and motions involved in everyday actions, like stirring lime juice.

Chemistry involves reactions between substances, such as combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.

Biology focuses on living organisms, their life processes, and their relationship with the environment.

The branches of science work together harmoniously, as demonstrated by the process of making lime juice.

Basic science involves a cycle of questioning, hypothesizing, experimenting, and concluding.

Applied science is concerned with the practical uses of established knowledge, like the various applications of lime juice.

Science has a dual nature, with the potential for both positive and negative impacts, depending on its application.

Nuclear energy, technology, and genetic engineering are examples where science's impact can be both beneficial and harmful.

The key question is not whether science is inherently good or bad, but how it is utilized for the betterment or harm of society.

Science, when pursued with a generous and compassionate heart, has the power to change the world for the better.

Encouraging the scientific mindset to ask 'What, How, and Why' is essential for unlocking the potential of science.

Transcripts

Our home planet earth, has more events occurring on it than we can imagine.

These events involve, the living organisms, inanimate structures ; things which we can

see , those which we cant.

Events that amaze us (and those which terrify us (The very formation of our earth was another

massive event.

These events bring with it a large number of questions that arise out of curiosity to

explain or understand the world we live in, the world around us.

If you have ever wondered whats going on.

how these events take place or.

why is it so, well then..you are not alone.

These questions run in the minds of billions of people every second, every day.

The answer to all these questions is simple and lies in one word.

SCIENCE.

Now your next question is What exactly is Science??

Let us understand . Science, is an Answer.

It is the knowledge we get when we ask questions So if this is you , why do all your belongings

or anything that you throw up in the air , fall to the ground ? the answer or science behind

it is no big deal its Gravity.

You see the earth has an attraction to all objects, known as gravity & this invisible

attraction is what keeps us on earth and not float away in air.

The funny thing is that.gravity was always there, since the beginning, but it was only

understood and explained until not very long ago by a veeeeery inquisitive person who asked

a lot of questions.

He was very convinced, that an apple doesnt fall far from the tree. and thats because.

it fell on his head.

That person was Sir Isaac Newton.

So gravity existed even before the apple fell on newtons head, but it was understood and

explained only when newton decided to ask What, How & WHY.

So you see science involves you ..well not just you, me and everything around us.

But, we only understand it when we follow our curiosity and ask questions..a loooot

of questions and try to find answers to them.

But.

many a times, one question can have more than one answer.

So, there is often more than one theory to explain the science behind each event.

Its a lot like a maze.

At the center is the event occurring and the questions related to it and the various paths

to the center are the answers to it.

Based on our understanding of all events in the universe, we can classify science into

three main branches: Physics, Chemistry and Biology.

Let us look at what these branches are and how they work in the making of something as

simple as lime juice when you are thirsty!

Now lets look at this animation slowly and more carefully and understand where these

branches come into play This is where physics gets into character.

Physics is concerned with the force with which you hold the spoon and the motion involved

while stirring the juice fast or slow.

It is the branch of science that deals with all types of matter in and beyond the universe,

their nature, their properties, and all causes and effects of manipulating them.

Then comes the part where all the ingredients start getting mixed to give us lime juice.

This is called Chemistry.

It deals with the reaction between two or more types of matter to form a new type of

matter.

For example: When hydrogen gas and oxygen are mixed together in an appropriate ratio,

well get H2o which is also called WATER.

Interesting !! Isnt it?

And finally theres Biology.

Biology is concerned with how your body can extract the benefits from the juice.

It is concerned with all living matter in the universe like plants, animals and micro-organisms,

their life processes and their relationship not only with one another but also with the

environment in which they exist.

If you have been observant, you would have realized that all of these branches, though

differently listed, work together in making lime juice.

The togetherness of these branches is not only in the case of simply preparing a lime

juice, but also in the case of evvvvery event that we see, perform or experience in our

lives.

Yes they are like friends who work in harmony.

Now, whether its Physics, Chemistry or Biology lets have a look at the two main categories

of Science: One is based on asking questions about the origin of what, how and why things

happen, as discussed earlier like Sir Isaac newton.

This is termed as Basic science, where you find crazy scientists experimenting in the

laboratory like in the movies.the only thing is.. they are not crazy.

Basic science always follows a cycle:

Lets see what Basic Science is using the saame example of lime juice.

The first step in the cycle involves asking questions about the origin of lime juice,

for eg: what are the ingredients used to make lime juice, what can be used to dissolve lime

juice ingredients and how much of those ingredients can be used?

Could the lime juice do well to the body if consumed?

The next step involves making an assumption or a hypothesis about the origin of lime juice.

For Eg: We could use the juice of lemons to make lime juice, the lime juice may taste

a lot better if we used sugar and salt.

It could be that half a glass of water could be sufficient to dissolve all the ingredients.

After we have made the assumptions, they need to be verified by experimenting - i.e we must

try making the lime juice based on our assumptions and test to see what we assumed/ predicted

is true or rather false.

After performing the experiments successfully a conclusion is made where verified facts

are established i.e in this case one can say that the lime juice is made only of juice

extracted from lemons, it does indeed taste good with sugar and salt, that half a glass

of water is sufficient to dissolve all the ingredients and that drinking lime juice does

good to the body.

Basic science always follows this cycle.

Fun fact: Do you know that all the facts that are there in our educational/ text books have

undergone this cycle of research before it is printed ????

Lets move to the second category of Science that involves determining the various utilities

of the now prepared lime juice.

The answers might be Making fruit juice concentrates, marinating fish before frying, curing indigestion,

reducing blemishes on skin.

This category of science is called The Applied science that simply looks at the various uses

of what is already established.

Simply put, Basic science is concerned with knowing something and applied science is using

what you know.

Applied Science depends on Basic Science and vice versa.

Well so far we have seen that science can be all fun and games.

So its about time we ask the most important question of all is science always this good

or does it also have a not so good side to it ???????

To understand that, let us look into some examples:

Lets take nuclear energy for instance: 1) It can be used to make Nuclear power which

can act as a substitute for electricity and which can be much cheaper or it can be made

to make nuclear bombs which can have devastating effects,

2) Technology/pollution -the cellphone- Yes it is true that the advent of the portable

phone also called the cell phone has made our lives a lot easier by allowing people

over long distances to communicate more effectively and faster.

But do the benefits really outweigh the risks that cellphones are likely to cause to our

body like the high probability of brain tumors.

3) Genetic engineering/opposition: Though genetic engineering is concerned with trying

to improve existing plants and animals in terms of obtained and derived products.

It disturbs the natural ecosystem best suited for the original type of organisms.

The question here is not about science being good or bad.

Because now we know science is knowledge.

And knowledge is never bad per se.

The real question we must ask ourselves before we utilize science should be are we using

science for something good or something that will cause harm.

Science has the power to both destroy and heal.

But, it only depends on how you view it and more importantly, how you use it.

We do have a choice!

If science is pursued with a generous and compassionate heart, it can change our world

in more ways than one.

The true potential of science is beyond our imagination.

But then we can always start, by letting the scientist in us, ask these three fundamental

questions WHAT, HOW & WHY., Do like this session and post your comments

about the best use of science.

Share it with your friends and subscribe to our channel lets tute for more such sessions.

Keep watching.enjoy learning and challenge everything.