Krashen's model of SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 2022 | the monitor model hypothesis | SLA | SLL | EFL
Summary
TLDRThis video delves into Stephen Krashen's renowned model of second language acquisition, highlighting its five key hypotheses: the Acquisition-Learning distinction, the Monitor Theory, the Natural Order of learning grammatical structures, the Input Hypothesis emphasizing 'i+1' for optimal learning, and the Affective Filter which considers emotional barriers to language intake. Krashen's model underscores the necessity of comprehensible input for language acquisition, the incidental nature of learning, and the limited impact of first language influence and instruction, while suggesting that language output is a result, not a driver, of acquisition.
Takeaways
- 📚 The Stephen Krashen model is a highly influential theory in the field of second language acquisition.
- 🧠 Krashen's model is connected to Chomsky's innate theory, suggesting we have an inherent language faculty that aids in language understanding, acquisition, and use.
- 🌱 The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis differentiates between subconscious acquisition and conscious learning, with separate storage in the brain.
- 🔍 The Monitor hypothesis states that learned knowledge serves to edit or monitor the acquired knowledge during language production.
- 📈 The Natural Order hypothesis suggests learners progress through a predictable sequence of grammatical structures, regardless of complexity.
- 🔑 The Input hypothesis, or 'i plus one', is central to Krashen's model, emphasizing the importance of receiving input slightly beyond one's current proficiency level.
- 🚫 The Affective Filter hypothesis identifies emotional barriers that can prevent learners from effectively receiving language input.
- 🌐 Exposure to L2 input is essential for second language acquisition, as the absence of comprehensible input makes acquisition impossible.
- 🎓 Incidental learning plays a significant role in second language acquisition, supporting the idea of an innate language faculty.
- 🚷 The outcomes of second language acquisition can vary due to individual differences in affective filters.
- 📚 The influence of the first language is limited, as language acquisition is guided by universal internal processes.
- 👩🏫 The impact of instruction on second language acquisition is limited; comprehensible input is key, with instruction aiding in learned knowledge.
- 📊 The learner's language production, or output, is a result of acquisition rather than a driver, indicating that the focus should be on input for effective acquisition.
Q & A
What is the Stephen Krashen model in the context of second language acquisition?
-The Stephen Krashen model, also known as the Monitor Model, is a theory in the field of second language acquisition that suggests learners acquire a second language naturally and unconsciously, and that learning is a separate, conscious process.
What is the Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis in Krashen's model?
-The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis posits that acquisition is a subconscious process that occurs during natural interaction with the L2, while learning is a conscious and intentional process. These two types of knowledge are stored separately in the brain.
Can learned knowledge be converted into acquired knowledge according to Krashen?
-No, according to Krashen, learned knowledge cannot be converted into acquired knowledge. They are separate entities within the brain.
What is the Monitor Hypothesis in Krashen's model?
-The Monitor Hypothesis suggests that the primary function of learned knowledge is to monitor or edit the acquired knowledge during language production, allowing learners to consult their learned knowledge for accuracy.
What does the Natural Order Hypothesis state about the acquisition process?
-The Natural Order Hypothesis states that learners follow a certain order and go through stages in the acquisition process of grammatical structures, which is independent of the complexity of the structures.
What is 'I plus one' in the context of Krashen's Input Hypothesis?
-'I plus one' in the Input Hypothesis refers to the idea that learners acquire language by receiving input that is slightly beyond their current level of proficiency, where 'I' represents the current level and 'plus one' indicates the input should be marginally more advanced.
What are the effective filters in Krashen's model?
-Effective filters are emotional barriers in Krashen's model that prevent learners from receiving input. Learners need to be comfortable to effectively receive and process the input.
How does the absence of comprehensible input affect second language acquisition according to Krashen?
-The absence of comprehensible input makes second language acquisition impossible, as it is a necessary condition for the acquisition process to take place.
What role does the first language play in second language acquisition according to Krashen's model?
-The effects of the first language are limited in second language acquisition because the process is guided by universal and internal processes, rather than being heavily influenced by the first language.
How does instruction affect second language acquisition in Krashen's model?
-In Krashen's model, the effects of instruction are limited as long as there is comprehensible input. Instruction mainly contributes to the development of learned knowledge, which is separate from the acquisition process.
What is the relationship between language output and acquisition according to Krashen?
-According to Krashen, language output is the result of acquisition, not the cause. It is the input that drives the acquisition process, and output does not affect the process positively or negatively.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Stephen Krashen's Model
This paragraph introduces the Stephen Krashen's model in second language acquisition, emphasizing its significance and connection to Chomsky's innate theory of language. Krashen's model is based on five hypotheses: Acquisition-Learning, Monitor, Natural Order, Input, and Affective Filter. It posits that language acquisition occurs naturally and unconsciously through interaction with L2, while learning is a conscious process. The acquired knowledge is separate from learned knowledge and cannot be converted. The Monitor hypothesis suggests that learned knowledge helps to edit the acquired knowledge during language production. The Natural Order hypothesis states that learners progress through stages in a specific order, regardless of structure complexity. The Input hypothesis, considered the most crucial, asserts that learners acquire language through 'i + 1' comprehensible input, which is slightly beyond their current proficiency level. Lastly, the Affective Filter hypothesis discusses emotional barriers that can hinder language acquisition, implying that learners need to be comfortable to effectively receive input.
🌟 Implications of Krashen's Model for Language Learning
The second paragraph delves into the implications of Krashen's model for language learning. It highlights that exposure to L2 input is essential for acquisition, and without comprehensible input, learning a second language is impossible. The model supports the idea that language acquisition is an incidental process, aligning with the innate language faculty theory. It also suggests that different outcomes in language acquisition among learners can be attributed to the presence or absence of effective filters. Furthermore, the model indicates that the influence of the first language is limited, and the impact of instruction is confined to the development of learned knowledge. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing that the output, or the learner's language production, is a result of acquisition rather than a driver, and that the focus should be on input rather than output for successful language acquisition.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Stephens Questions Model
💡Innate Theory
💡Acquisition
💡Learning
💡Monitor Hypothesis
💡Natural Order Hypothesis
💡Input Hypothesis
💡I plus one
💡Affective Filter Hypothesis
💡Comprehensible Input
💡Output
Highlights
Introduction to Stephen Krashen's model in second language acquisition.
Krashen's model is influential in the field of second language acquisition.
Connection between Krashen's ideas and Chomsky's innate theory of language.
The model is based on five key hypotheses.
The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis differentiates between subconscious acquisition and conscious learning.
Acquired and learned knowledge are stored separately in the brain.
The Monitor hypothesis explains the role of learned knowledge in editing language production.
The Natural Order hypothesis suggests a predetermined order in acquiring grammatical structures.
The Input hypothesis is central, emphasizing 'i plus one' for language acquisition.
I plus one refers to input slightly beyond the learner's current proficiency level.
The Affective Filter hypothesis discusses emotional barriers to language input.
Learners need to be comfortable to effectively receive language input.
Krashen's model explains the necessity of L2 input for second language acquisition.
Incidental acquisition confirms the innate language faculty in humans.
Diverse outcomes in language acquisition are attributed to effective filters.
The limited effects of the first language on second language acquisition.
The limited impact of instruction, as long as comprehensible input is present.
The role of language output as a result, not a cause, of acquisition.
Internal drive of second language acquisition focuses on input over output.
Conclusion and invitation for feedback on the explanation of Krashen's model.
Transcripts
[Music]
[Applause]
hello everyone
and welcome to another video
um today i am going to speak about
the well-known stephen questions model
in second language acquisition
so um stefan questions model was
like one of the most influential works
when it comes to second language
acquisition field
his ideas seem to be like connected with
the innate
theory of chomsky that claims
we are born with a language faculty or a
language capacity
that enables us to understand
acquire and use language
so the model is based on five hypotheses
the first one is the acquisition
learning theory
acquisition happens naturally outside of
awareness
while interacting with the l2 language
um the like whereas learning
is a conscious and intentional process
crush claims that the acquired and
learned knowledge
are stored separately in the brain
moreover learned knowledge can't be
converted
to an acquired knowledge
the second hypothesis is the monitor
hypothesis
which claims that the primary function
of the learned knowledge is to monitor
or edit the acquired knowledge
while of course the language production
learners can always like consult their
learned knowledge to ensure
the accuracy of their language
production
the third hypothesis is the natural
order hypothesis
it says that learners follow a certain
order
and go through stages in the
acquisition process of grammatical
structures
and of course this order is uh
like independent from the complexity
of the structures the fourth hypothesis
is the input hypothesis and i think this
is like the most important one in the
model
it says that learners acquire language
only by receiving what we call
comprehensible input and
question refers to it as the i plus one
so you can hear i mean you can like
find the uh the input hypothesis or
the i plus one the i refers to the
current level of proficiency
which means that learners should be
exposed
to an input that is slightly beyond
their current level of proficiency
that's why
it's the i plus 1 which means
it is slightly beyond their current
level of proficiency
which is the i the last hypothesis
is the effective filter hypothesis
so effective filters are emotional
barriers
that prevent learners from receiving the
input
therefore like learners have to be
comfortable
in order to receive the input
and this can help to analyze
the different second language outcomes
among the learners
russian's model can be used to explain
that
first the exposure to l2 input
is necessary for second language
acquisition
the absence of the comprehensible input
makes the a second language acquisition
impossible
okay second thing is that a great deal
of second language acquisition
happens incidentally this
confirms that the fact that people
are born with a language faculty
the third thing is that the different
outcomes
of second language acquisition among
learners
due to the fact that effective filters
can prevent some learners from receiving
the input the fourth thing is that
the effects of the first language are
limited
since all the like the language
acquisition
is guided by universal and
internal processes last but not least
the effects of instructions
on second language acquisition are
limited
as long as there's a comprehensible
input
the acquisition process will take place
the instructions here will only serve in
in reaching the learned knowledge
the last thing is the effects of the
learner's production
of language on second language
acquisition
which means the output is the result
of the acquisition not the cause
of the acquisition we know that the
input is the is there like the the the
reason or the cause of acquisition
the output is just the result of
the acquisition and it does not affect
on the language acquisition process
neither negatively or positively
since second language is internally
driven
the focus is on the input
not the output so this is it guys
this is the russians model of second
language acquisition
i hope i was brief enough and i hope i
clarified it to you
if you liked the video again um just
like hit the thumbs up subscribe
and wait for other videos inshallah
[Music]
peace
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