“Potências nucleares não podem perder guerras!” Por que esse mito ainda persiste?

Summary

This video script debunks the myth that nuclear powers cannot lose wars, using historical examples where nuclear-armed nations faced defeat. It highlights the Korean War, where the US didn't resort to nuclear weapons despite being the sole nuclear power at the time. The script also mentions the Vietnam War, the Soviet Union's defeat in Afghanistan, and Russia's losses in Chechnya, emphasizing that nuclear powers have indeed lost wars without resorting to nuclear arms. The narrative challenges the notion that Russia, as a nuclear power, is invincible in its conflict with Ukraine, suggesting that the historical pattern indicates otherwise.

Takeaways

• 🚩 The myth persists that nuclear powers cannot lose wars, despite historical evidence to the contrary.
• 🌏 The script discusses the false narrative that a nuclear power like Russia cannot be defeated in war, using historical examples to debunk this myth.
• 🇰🇵 In June 1950, North Korea, under Kim Il-sung, invaded South Korea with the support of Stalin and Mao Zedong, nearly winning the war within weeks.
• 💥 The United States, the sole nuclear power at the time, chose not to use nuclear weapons against North Korea, instead using conventional forces to repel the invasion.
• 🇨🇳 China's intervention in the Korean War with a million soldiers did not lead to the use of nuclear weapons by the United States, despite General MacArthur's push for it.
• 🔫 President Truman dismissed General MacArthur's proposal to use nuclear weapons against China, refusing to escalate the conflict.
• 📜 The United States accepted a ceasefire with North Vietnam in 1972, knowing it would likely be violated, without resorting to nuclear weapons.
• 🇻🇳 In 1979, China, a full nuclear power, invaded Vietnam and was defeated after just one month of fighting, without using nuclear weapons.
• 🏰 The Soviet Union accepted defeat in Afghanistan after a decade of fierce fighting, despite knowing nuclear weapons could have been used with relative safety.
• 🇷🇺 In the 1990s, Russia was defeated in a war against the separatist republic of Chechnya, choosing not to use nuclear weapons despite the risk to its territorial integrity.
• 🛡 The script concludes that the myth of invincibility for nuclear powers is just that—a myth, as evidenced by Russia's past defeats in wars without the use of nuclear weapons.

Q & A

What is the myth discussed in the video script about nuclear powers?

The myth discussed in the video script is that nuclear powers cannot lose wars.

Why is the myth about nuclear powers still persistent despite historical examples to the contrary?

The myth persists due to its frequent repetition, often by propagandists or sources with a strong pro-Russian bias, who use the fact of having nuclear weapons as a decisive element for victory.

What historical example from June 1950 is mentioned to refute the myth?

The example of North Korean communist dictator Kim Yung attacking and invading South Korea, despite the United States being the only full nuclear power at the time.

Why did the United States decide not to use nuclear weapons during the Korean War?

The United States decided not to use nuclear weapons because they managed to repel the North Korean threat using conventional means with allied forces.

What was General Douglas MacArthur's proposal during the Korean War, and what was President Truman's response?

General MacArthur proposed using nuclear weapons against China, even presenting a list of 30 Chinese cities that could be destroyed. President Truman refused the suggestion and dismissed General MacArthur.

Why did the United States sign a ceasefire with North Vietnam in 1972, knowing it would be violated?

President Nixon was pressured by public opinion and had to sign a ceasefire, accepting the fall of South Vietnam to the North Vietnamese Communists after the withdrawal of U.S. forces.

What was the situation between the Soviet Union and China in the 1970s, and how did it affect U.S. strategy in Vietnam?

In the 1970s, the Soviet Union and China were enemies, and the U.S. knew that using nuclear weapons in North Vietnam would put the Chinese and Soviets in opposing camps, which they avoided.

Why did China invade Vietnam in 1979 and how long did it take for them to be defeated?

China, being a full nuclear power at the time, invaded Vietnam but was defeated after only one month of combat.

What was the outcome of the Soviet Union's war in Afghanistan and why didn't they use nuclear weapons?

The Soviet Union accepted defeat in Afghanistan after almost a decade of fierce fighting, despite knowing that nuclear weapons could have been used with relative safety and few collateral damages.

Why did Russia not use nuclear weapons during the Chechen war, even though it was a separatist war that risked the integrity of Russia's territorial integrity?

Russia refused to employ nuclear weapons, accepting the defeat and the serious risk of territorial dismemberment, likely due to the potential impact on millions of people in Europe and NATO member countries.

What conclusion does the video script draw about the myth of nuclear powers not losing wars?

The script concludes that the myth is just that—a myth, as it has been disproven by historical examples where nuclear powers have indeed lost wars.

Outlines

00:00

😨 The Myth of Nuclear Powers' Invincibility

This paragraph discusses the persistent myth that nuclear powers cannot lose wars, despite historical evidence to the contrary. It highlights the Korean War, where the US, the sole nuclear power at the time, chose not to use nuclear weapons against North Korea and China, even when faced with significant military challenges. The paragraph also mentions the dismissal of General MacArthur, who advocated for nuclear use, by President Truman. It emphasizes that nuclear powers have strategic reasons for not employing nuclear weapons, even when facing defeat.

05:03

🏳️ The Fallacies of Nuclear Deterrence in Warfare

The second paragraph further debunks the myth of invincibility for nuclear powers by citing additional historical instances. It references the Vietnam War, where the US did not use nuclear weapons and eventually accepted defeat, and the Soviet Union's defeat in Afghanistan, where they also refrained from using nuclear arms despite the severe impact on national morale. The paragraph also discusses Russia's defeat in a war against the small separatist republic of Chechnya, where they chose not to use nuclear weapons, risking territorial disintegration. The summary concludes by suggesting that Russia's past behavior indicates they are unlikely to use nuclear weapons in the current conflict with Ukraine, considering the potential humanitarian and political consequences.

Keywords

💡Nuclear Powers

Nuclear powers refer to countries that possess nuclear weapons, which are capable of causing massive destruction. In the video's context, the term is used to discuss the myth that nuclear-armed nations cannot lose wars. Examples from the script include Russia, which is considered a nuclear power, and the historical cases of the United States during the Korean War, where the decision not to use nuclear weapons is highlighted.

💡Myth Debunking

Myth debunking is the process of disproving commonly held but false beliefs. The video aims to dispel the myth that nuclear powers are invincible in warfare. The script provides historical examples where nuclear powers have been defeated in conflicts, thus challenging the myth's validity.

💡Korean War

The Korean War was a conflict between North and South Korea from 1950 to 1953, with significant international involvement. The video mentions this war to illustrate that despite the United States being the only nuclear power at the time, it chose not to use nuclear weapons and still managed to repel the North Korean invasion.

💡General Douglas MacArthur

General Douglas MacArthur was a U.S. Army general who played a significant role in the Pacific theater during World War II and led U.S. forces during the Korean War. The script refers to his proposal to use nuclear weapons against China, which was rejected by President Truman, demonstrating the restraint in the use of nuclear capabilities.

💡Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1955 to 1975, involving the United States and North Vietnam, among others. The video uses this war as an example of a situation where the United States, despite being a nuclear power, did not resort to nuclear weapons and ultimately accepted defeat.

💡Nixon's Ceasefire

Nixon's Ceasefire refers to the agreement signed by President Richard Nixon to end U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. The script mentions this event to emphasize that even with public pressure, the U.S. did not use nuclear weapons and accepted the consequences of their actions.

💡Sino-Soviet Split

The Sino-Soviet Split refers to the ideological and political rift between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The video mentions this to explain the geopolitical complexities that could have influenced the decision not to use nuclear weapons in Vietnam.

💡Afghanistan War

The Afghanistan War refers to the Soviet-Afghan War from 1979 to 1989, where the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. The script uses this example to show that even a nuclear power like the Soviet Union could be defeated in a conventional war without resorting to nuclear weapons.

💡Chechen Wars

The Chechen Wars refer to two separatist conflicts in the Chechen Republic, part of Russia, in the 1990s. The video highlights the first Chechen War to demonstrate that Russia, as a nuclear power, chose not to use nuclear weapons even when facing a direct threat to its territorial integrity.

💡Nuclear Deterrence

Nuclear deterrence is the theory that the threat of using nuclear weapons prevents adversaries from taking hostile actions. The video discusses how this concept has been challenged by historical events where nuclear powers did not use their weapons despite facing defeat.

💡Russian Invasion of Ukraine

The Russian Invasion of Ukraine refers to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine that began in 2014. The script uses this current event to argue against the myth that nuclear powers cannot be defeated, suggesting that Russia's nuclear capabilities do not guarantee victory.

Highlights

The myth that nuclear powers cannot lose wars is debunked with historical examples.

North Korea, a nuclear power, invaded South Korea in 1950 with support from Stalin and Mao Zedong.

The United States, the only nuclear superpower at the time, chose not to use nuclear weapons against North Korea.

China intervened in the Korean War with a massive force of one million soldiers, despite the U.S. being a nuclear power.

General Douglas MacArthur, a World War II hero, was dismissed for suggesting the use of nuclear weapons against China.

The United States accepted a stalemate in the Korean War, despite being the sole nuclear power.

President Nixon signed a ceasefire with North Vietnam in 1972, knowing it would be violated after U.S. withdrawal.

The U.S. did not use nuclear weapons in Vietnam, even after the North Vietnamese offensive post-withdrawal.

In the 1970s, the U.S. was aware that using nuclear weapons in Vietnam could have opposed China and the Soviet Union.

China, a full nuclear power, invaded Vietnam in 1979 and was defeated after only one month of fighting.

The Soviet Union accepted defeat in Afghanistan after nearly a decade of fierce combat, despite being a nuclear power.

The Soviet Union knew that defeat in Afghanistan would severely impact morale but did not use nuclear weapons.

In the 1990s, Russia was defeated in a war against the separatist republic of Chechnya.

Russia could have used nuclear weapons to prevent defeat in Chechnya but chose not to.

The myth persists that nuclear powers cannot be defeated, despite historical evidence to the contrary.

Russian propagandists and pro-Russian sources use the myth of invincibility to suggest Russia's nuclear arsenal would ensure victory over Ukraine.

Russia's past decisions not to use nuclear weapons in various conflicts indicate it is unlikely to do so in Ukraine.

The use of nuclear weapons in Ukraine would affect millions in Europe and could provoke NATO involvement.

The historical examples show that nuclear powers can and have been defeated in wars, challenging the myth of invincibility.

Transcripts

Caros Amigos bem-vindos a mais um

episódio de hoje no mundo militar Neste

vídeo falaremos sobre o mito de que

potências nucleares não podem perder

guerras mas por apesar de tantos

exemplos históricos esse mito ainda

persiste e se ainda não está inscrito no

canal inscreva-se já e acione o sino das

notificações para não perder nenhuma

novidade quando o tema do debate é a

invasão r da Ucrânia frequentemente são

feitas algumas afirmações falsas como se

fossem verdades absolutas com uma delas

sendo a de que uma potência nuclear como

é o caso da Rússia simplesmente não pode

ser derrotada em uma guerra mas porque

apesar de falsa essa afirmação é feita

de forma tão frequente antes de mais

nada é preciso desmentir esse mito e

nada melhor do que usarmos exemplos

históricos bem conhecidos em junho de

1950 O Ditador comunista norte-coreano

Kim Yung após obter garantias de apoio

de stalen e mautz Tung atacou e invadiu

a Coreia do Sul de surpresa chegando

muito perto de vencer a Guerra ao fim de

poucas semanas em

1950 a União Soviética de stalen tinha

testado a sua primeira bomba atômica

apenas no ano anterior o que significava

que naquele momento os Estados Unidos

idos eram a única potência nuclear plena

no mundo ou seja diante do ataque

norte-coreano Washington poderia se

quisesse ter usado armas nucleares pois

sabia que Stalin aliado da ditadura

comunista norte-coreana não seria capaz

de contra-atacar na mesma moeda mas

mesmo assim os Estados Unidos decidiram

não usar esse tipo de arma conseguindo

afastar a ameaça norte-coreana Por meios

convencionais

com as forças aliadas se aproximando da

fronteira com a China no final de

1950 levando mautz Tung a intervir

diretamente na guerra lançando contra as

forças aliadas uma descomunal força de 1

milhão de soldados chineses em vagas

sucessivas de ataque naquele momento o

general Douglas mcarthur Herói da

segunda guerra mundial e o comandante

das forças aliadas na Coreia pressionou

o presidente Truman para usar armas

nucleares contra a China com macarthur

chegando mesmo a apresentar uma lista de

30 cidades chinesas que poderiam ser

destruídas para obrigar os chineses a

abandonarem a guerra mas o presidente

Truman mesmo sabendo que a União

Soviética ainda não tinha capacidade

nuclear de resposta plena não só recusou

a sugestão como demitiu o general

macarthur com os Estados Unidos que é

importante sempre lembrar eram a única

potência nuclear realmente plena naquela

época aceitando um impasse na guerra que

dura até aos dias de hoje saltando no

tempo em

1972 o Presidente Nixon fortemente

pressionado pela opinião pública foi

forçado a assinar um cessar fogo com o

Vietnã do Norte que ele sabia por

antecipação que seria violado tão logo

as forças norte-americanas saíssem da

região que foi exatamente o que

aconteceu com Os Comunistas

norte-vietnamitas voltando a atacar o

Vietnã do Sul assim que o último soldado

norte--americano saiu da região naquele

momento nos anos 70 a União Soviética e

a China eram inimigos e por muito pouco

não tinham entrado em guerra Por isso os

Estados Unidos sabiam que um eventual

emprego de armas nucleares

norte-americanas no Vietnã do Norte

colocaria os chineses e soviéticos em

Campos opostos Mas mesmo sabendo disso e

mesmo diante da nova ofensiva Norte

vietnamita após a sua saída da região os

Estados Unidos não usaram armas

nucleares aceitando a queda do Vietnam

do Sul para Os Comunistas do Norte 2

anos depois em

1979 foi a vez da China na época já uma

potência nuclear plena invadir o Vietnã

saindo de lá derrotada ao fim de apenas

um mês de combate

Na década seguinte foi a vez de outra

potência nuclear ser derrotada em uma

guerra com a União Soviética aceitando a

sua derrota frente ao Afeganistão após

quase uma década de combates ferozes os

soviéticos sabiam que a derrota no

Afeganistão teria um peso terrível sobre

o Moral das tropas e do Povo soviético e

mesmo sabendo que as armas nucleares

poderiam ser usadas com relativa

segurança e com poucos danos colaterais

em áreas montanhosas Moscou nunca chegou

a usar esse tipo de arma aceitando

normalmente a sua derrota uma derrota

que é importante lembrar celou o destino

da União Soviética que desmoronou apenas

3 anos depois nos anos 90 a Rússia

voltou a ser derrotada em uma guerra

desta vez para uma república separatista

a pequena Xênia em dezembro de

1994 se aproveitando do enfraquecimento

do Poder Central Russo a chechênia um

pequeno país no Cáucaso menor do que o

Estado de Sergipe e com a população que

na época era de apenas 1 milhão de

habitantes lançou uma guerra separatista

contra a poderosa Rússia vencendo Essa

guerra após 1 ano e 8 meses de combates

terríveis como se tratava de uma guerra

que colocava diretamente em risco a

integridade territorial da Rússia e tão

grave Quanto isso que poderia levar

outras regiões e repúblicas russas a

também lançarem guerras separatistas

Moscou poderia perfeitamente ter usado

armas nucleares para impedir a derrota

mas mais uma vez a Rússia se recusou a

empregar esse tipo de arma aceitando a

derrota e assumindo um grave risco de

desmembramento territorial Esses são

exemplos clássicos de potências

nucleares que foram derrotadas em

guerras deitando por terra o mito de que

potências nucleares como a Rússia não

podem ser derrotadas mas por que essa

mentira ainda persiste e é tão repetida

hoje em dia no caso do contexto da

invasão russa da Ucrânia esse mito é

muito repetido por propagandistas Russos

ou por Fontes com um forte viés pró

Russo que tentam usar o fato da Rússia

ter armas nucleares como um elemento que

na visão deles seria decisivo para

garantir ti a Vitória final sobre a

Ucrânia no entanto como demonstrei

claramente aqui a Rússia não usou armas

nucleares nem mesmo para impedir a sua

derrota em uma guerra separatista de uma

das suas repúblicas que poderia ter

levado outras repúblicas russas a

lançarem guerras semelhantes se a Rússia

não usou armas nucleares no Afeganistão

aceitando uma derrota que celou o

destino do império soviético e se não

usou armas nucleares na chechênia

colocando em risco direto a sua própria

integridade territorial podemos deduzir

que a Rússia não usará armas nucleares

na Ucrânia com Moscou sabendo que isso

afetará diretamente milhões de pessoas

que vivem na Europa e em países membros

da ã o que poderia servir como argumento

para a aliança entrar diretamente na

Guerra ao lado dos ucranianos Portanto o

mito de que potências nucleares não

perdem guerras é ap apenas isso um mito

O que significa que a Rússia como

potência nuclear que é pode ser

derrotada em uma guerra como Aliás já

foi no passado

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