Relations Paris - Londres : des origines à Charles III - Le dessous des cartes - L'essentiel | ARTE

Le Dessous des Cartes - ARTE

4 May 202302:32

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the complex relationship between France and the United Kingdom, two former colonial powers and current nuclear-armed nations in Europe, both with seats on the United Nations Security Council. It highlights their historical conflicts and alliances, from the Hundred Years' War and Napoleonic Wars to World Wars I and II. The script also touches on the UK's late entry into the European Union and its decision not to adopt the Euro, the establishment of the Channel Tunnel in 1994, and the Brexit vote in 2020. Current issues include the end of free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, fishing disputes, and migration tensions. The script mentions the Aukus agreement, which did not include France and cost it a submarine deal with Australia. However, the war in Ukraine has shifted perspectives, with the UK being a key European ally and the second-largest arms supplier to Ukraine after the United States.

Takeaways

👑 The British will sing 'God Save the King' during the coronation of Charles III on Saturday, May 6th in London, with world leaders including French President Emmanuel Macron in attendance.
🇫🇷🇬🇧 The relationship between the United Kingdom and France is unique, marked by both alliance and rivalry, with both nations being former colonial powers and current nuclear-armed states in Europe.
🔑 Both the UK and France are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, highlighting their significant roles in global affairs.
🌊 The English Channel, a strategic maritime space, separates France from England by 33 km and has been a point of contention between the two nations historically.
🤝 World War I marked a turning point in Franco-British relations, with the two countries becoming allies, a bond that continued through World War II.
⏳ In 1949, both London and Paris joined NATO, although the UK's relationship with the organization has had its complexities.
🕰️ The UK joined the European Union in 1973, but unlike France, it did not adopt the euro and later voted for Brexit, which took effect on January 31, 2020.
🚧 The Channel Tunnel, opened in 1994, symbolically connects the UK and France, despite the UK's strong attachment to its sovereignty and insularity.
🚫 Post-Brexit, the UK and France have had to address several challenging issues, including the end of free movement of people, goods, services, and capital.
🛥️ French fishermen, who used to make 25% of their catches in British waters, face problems due to Brexit.
🤔 Tensions also arise around migration issues and the clandestine crossings of the English Channel.
🤝 The AUKUS partnership, involving Australia, the United States, and the UK, was a point of contention as France was not included and lost a significant submarine contract with Australia.
🇺🇦 The war in Ukraine has shifted dynamics, with European countries, including the UK, needing to unite against the threat posed by Putin, with the UK being the second-largest supplier of arms to Ukraine after the USA.

Q & A

What significant event is taking place on May 6th in London?
-The coronation of Charles III is taking place in London on May 6th.
Who is expected to attend the coronation from France?
-The President of France, Emmanuel Macron, is expected to attend the coronation.
What is the historical significance of the relationship between the United Kingdom and France?
-The UK and France are two old colonial powers that are currently the only two European countries possessing nuclear weapons and sitting on the United Nations Security Council.
What is the physical distance between France and England?
-The distance separating France from England is 33 km, across the English Channel.
How did World War I impact the Franco-British relationship?
-World War I marked a turning point in the Franco-British relationship, with the two countries becoming allies.
When did London and Paris choose to join NATO?
-Paris joined NATO in 1949, while London decided to join in 1973.
What is the significance of the Channel Tunnel in the relationship between the UK and France?
-The Channel Tunnel, which was connected in 1994, symbolizes the physical link between the UK and France despite their historical conflicts and differences.
How did Brexit affect the relationship between the UK and France?
-Brexit, which came into effect on January 31, 2020, reaffirmed the UK's commitment to its independence and insularity, leading to thorny issues such as the end of free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, and tensions over fishing rights and migration.
What is the Aukus partnership and how did it affect France?
-The Aukus partnership is a security agreement signed between Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. France was not included in this agreement and it cost France a valuable submarine contract with Canberra.
How has the war in Ukraine changed the dynamic between the UK and France?
-The war in Ukraine has shifted the lines, with Europe needing the British partner, who is the second-largest supplier of arms to Ukraine after the United States.

Outlines

00:00

👑 Coronation of Charles III and Franco-British Relations

The script begins by welcoming viewers to 'The Essential Below the Cards' and setting the stage for the coronation of Charles III, which will take place on Saturday, May 6th in London. It highlights the attendance of world leaders, including French President Emmanuel Macron. The summary explores the unique relationship between the United Kingdom and France, two former colonial powers that are now the only European nations with nuclear weapons and seats on the United Nations Security Council. Despite being unwavering allies, there is also a sense of rivalry in the Franco-British relationship. The script touches upon historical conflicts, such as the Hundred Years' War and the Napoleonic Wars, and notes the turning point in their relationship during the First World War when they became allies. It also mentions their shared NATO membership, the UK's delayed entry into the European Union, and its refusal to adopt the euro. The Channel Tunnel, which connects the UK and France, and the implications of Brexit are also discussed, including the end of free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, as well as issues related to French fishermen and migration. The script concludes with the recent geopolitical tensions surrounding the AUKUS pact and its impact on France's submarine contract with Australia.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Charles III

Charles III refers to the new king of the United Kingdom, who is set to be crowned on May 6th. The term is significant as it represents a pivotal moment in British history and is central to the video's theme of exploring the relationship between the UK and France, especially in the context of a royal event.

💡Emmanuel Macron

Emmanuel Macron is the President of France and is mentioned as one of the world leaders attending the coronation of Charles III. His presence is indicative of the diplomatic ties and historical relationship between France and the UK, which is a key focus of the video.

💡nuclear weapons

The term 'nuclear weapons' is used to highlight that both the UK and France are the only two European countries possessing such arms. This fact underscores their military power and strategic importance, which is a significant aspect of their mutual and global standing.

💡United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council is mentioned as an institution where both the UK and France hold seats, indicating their influence on global affairs. This membership is a key element of the video's discussion on the shared responsibilities and international roles of these two nations.

💡Channel

The 'Channel' refers to the English Channel, the body of water separating England from France. It is highlighted as a strategic maritime space and symbolizes the geographical proximity and historical conflicts between the two countries, setting the stage for the video's exploration of their complex relationship.

💡World War I

World War I is mentioned as a turning point in Franco-British relations, where the two countries became allies. This historical event is crucial to understanding the evolution of their partnership, which is a central theme of the video.

💡NATO

NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is referenced in the context of both London and Paris choosing to join in 1949. The script uses NATO as an example of their shared military alliance, which is a significant aspect of their ongoing relationship.

💡European Union

The 'European Union' is mentioned in contrast to the UK's decision to join in 1973 and later vote for Brexit, emphasizing the UK's desire for independence and insularity. This term is important for understanding the UK's stance on European integration and its impact on Franco-British relations.

💡Brexit

Brexit refers to the UK's decision to leave the European Union, which came into effect on January 31, 2020. The term is significant as it marks a major change in the UK's international relations and has implications for its relationship with France, including issues like trade and migration.

💡Channel Tunnel

The 'Channel Tunnel' is mentioned as a symbol of connection between the UK and France, despite their historical conflicts and differences. It represents the modern infrastructure that facilitates closer ties and cooperation between the two nations.

💡AUKUS

AUKUS is a defense partnership between Australia, the United States, and the UK. The script notes that France was not included in this agreement, which resulted in the loss of a significant submarine contract for France. This term is important for understanding recent tensions and the dynamic of the current Franco-British relationship.

💡Ukraine

The ongoing war in Ukraine is mentioned as a context that shifts the lines of European alliances, including the need for European countries to rely on the UK as a partner. The UK is highlighted as the second-largest provider of arms to Ukraine after the United States, showing its significant role in the current geopolitical landscape.

Highlights

God Save the King will be sung during the coronation of Charles III on May 6th in London, with world leaders in attendance including French President Emmanuel Macron.

The unique relationship between the United Kingdom and France is revisited, highlighting their status as the only two European countries with nuclear weapons and permanent seats on the UN Security Council.

Despite being unwavering allies, there is also rivalry in the Franco-British relationship, characterized by a 'love-hate' dynamic.

The distance between France and England is highlighted as 33 km, emphasizing the strategic maritime space known as the English Channel.

The English Channel has been a focal point of often conflictual relations between the two countries, from the Hundred Years' War to the Napoleonic Wars.

The First World War marked a turning point in Franco-British relations, with the two countries becoming allies.

During the Second World War, London was the base for the French resistance.

In 1949, both London and Paris chose to join NATO.

London did not join the European Union until 1973 and has refused to adopt the euro, emphasizing the UK's independence and insularity.

Despite joining the EU later, the UK was connected to France by the Channel Tunnel in 1994.

The Brexit vote reaffirmed the British attachment to their insularity, which came into effect on January 31, 2020.

Post-Brexit, London and Paris face thorny issues such as the end of free movement of people, goods, services, and capital.

There are also tensions regarding French fishermen who used to make 25% of their catches in British waters before Brexit.

Migration issues and clandestine crossings of the English Channel have also caused tensions.

The AUKUS partnership, signed between Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom, did not include France and cost them a valuable submarine contract with Canberra.

The war in Ukraine has shifted the dynamics, with Europeans needing the British partner as the second-largest arms supplier to Ukraine after the United States.