Transport Operations Of Dangerous Goods

Summary

This script outlines the critical knowledge required for safely handling and storing dangerous goods on ships, emphasizing the importance of segregation to prevent hazards. It covers storage categories, precautions for various classes of dangerous goods, emergency response, and the necessity of special certificates for certain shipments. The guide ensures compliance with the IMDG Code for protecting crew, cargo, and the environment during maritime transport.

Takeaways

• 📚 The chapter aims to provide a working knowledge of storage and handling precautions for dangerous goods during maritime transport.
• 🚢 Different vessel types, such as cargo ships and passenger ships, have specific handling procedures for packages, vehicles, and containers with dangerous goods.
• 🔥 Fire is a major hazard, and understanding how to restrict or prevent it is crucial for the safety of the cargo and the vessel.
• 📦 Segregation is a process to avoid problems between adjacent packages in the event of an emergency, ensuring the safe stowage of dangerous goods.
• 🏷️ There are specific storage categories (A, B, C, D, and II) that dictate where dangerous goods can be stowed on different types of ships.
• 🚫 Certain dangerous substances are prohibited from being transported on passenger ships carrying more than 25 passengers.
• 🛢️ Drums containing dangerous goods must always be stowed upright, unless authorized otherwise by a competent authority.
• 🚫 Storage of certain articles, like class 1 explosives and fiberboard boxes, is restricted to prevent exposure to seawater and damage.
• 🌡️ Special attention is needed for substances that require protection from radiant heat and large temperature variations.
• 🚫 Dangerous cargo must be stowed away from living quarters, machinery spaces, and other work areas to prevent the risk of hazardous vapors spreading.
• 📋 Special certificates, exemptions, and approvals are sometimes required for the transportation of certain dangerous goods by sea, as detailed in the IMDG Code.

Q & A

What is the primary objective of the chapter discussed in the transcript?

The primary objective is to secure a limited working knowledge of storage, particular precautions, segregation, cargo transport units on specific vessel types, temperature control, provisions, the transport of wastes, and the understanding of exemptions, approvals, and certificates related to the transportation of dangerous goods by sea.

What is stowage in the context of dangerous goods on a ship?

Stowage refers to the way that packages and substances are loaded onto a ship, which is crucial to avoid potential problems that adjacent packages can have on each other in case of an emergency.

What is the purpose of segregation in the context of dangerous goods on a ship?

Segregation is a process to avoid problems that adjacent packages can have on each other in the event of an emergency, by ensuring that incompatible goods are kept separate to prevent hazardous situations.

How are ships categorized for the purpose of making appropriate storage recommendations for dangerous goods?

Ships are divided into two groups: cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a limited number of passengers (maximum of 25 or calculated as 143 meters of the ship's length), and other passenger ships carrying a larger number of passengers.

What are the storage categories for the stowage of dangerous goods on ships?

There are four storage categories: Category A for cargo or passenger ships with limited passenger numbers, allowing stowage on deck or under deck; Category B, similar to A but restricts stowage to on deck only for other passenger ships; Category C allows stowage on deck only for cargo or passenger ships; and Category D prohibits stowage for other passenger ships.

Why is it important to stow drums containing dangerous goods in an upright position?

Drums must be stowed in an upright position to prevent leakage or spillage of their contents, which could lead to hazardous situations, unless otherwise authorized by a competent authority.

What are the considerations for stowing packages that are susceptible to water damage?

Packages susceptible to water damage should be stowed under deck or, if on deck, be located in a protected area to prevent exposure to seawater and weather conditions.

What are the special storage requirements for radioactive materials?

Radioactive materials require special storage considerations, including separation from foodstuffs, compliance with the IMDG Code, and adherence to specific categories and transport indexes of the consignments, as well as the need for monitoring during shipment.

What is the procedure for handling exposure to a dangerous substance during an emergency?

In the event of exposure to a dangerous substance, reference is made to the emergency response procedures for ships carrying dangerous goods contained in the IMDG Code supplement and the vessel's safety training manual. Senior officers will provide instructions, and crew members should follow these carefully.

What precautions should be taken when storing cargo transport units containing flammable gases or liquids with very low flash points?

Special care should be taken to store such units away from potential sources of ignition, such as heating or cooling equipment on refrigerated or heated cargo transport units, and to ensure proper ventilation to prevent the buildup of dangerous vapors.

How are exemptions, approvals, or permits for the transportation of dangerous goods by sea issued and controlled?

Exemptions, approvals, or permits are issued and controlled by competent authorities, national government departments responsible for enforcing the IMDG Code, or agencies and organizations delegated to carry out related tasks such as testing of packaging.

Outlines

00:00

🛳️ Overview of Storage and Handling of Dangerous Goods

This paragraph introduces the learning objectives, focusing on the principles of storing and handling dangerous goods on ships. It covers key concepts like stowage, segregation, temperature control, and the specific requirements for different vessel types. The paragraph also explains the categorization of ships for storage purposes, emphasizing the distinction between cargo ships, limited-passenger ships, and other passenger ships. It highlights the importance of preventing the spread of hazards, especially fire, and the need for specialized handling and certification for certain dangerous goods.

05:07

📦 Proper Stowage of Dangerous Goods

This paragraph provides detailed guidelines on the proper stowage of dangerous goods, emphasizing the importance of positioning drums upright unless otherwise authorized. It discusses underdeck storage, particularly for items susceptible to water damage, and stresses the need for constant supervision in specific cases. The paragraph highlights the critical need to ensure access to essential fittings and clear walkways, while also addressing the need for mechanical ventilation for certain empty receptacles. It discusses the requirements for protecting substances from heat and other potential hazards, especially in proximity to living quarters.

10:11

🔥 Segregation and Protection of Hazardous Materials

This paragraph focuses on the segregation and protection of various classes of dangerous goods on ships. It details the specific storage requirements for different hazard classes, such as flammable liquids, toxic substances, and radioactive materials. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of segregation to prevent dangerous reactions, highlighting the need for careful planning and consideration of secondary hazards. It also mentions the necessity of jettisoning certain materials in emergencies and the specific handling procedures required for materials like oxidizing substances and corrosive substances.

15:28

🔍 Tools and Procedures for Dangerous Goods Segregation

This paragraph describes the tools and procedures used to determine segregation requirements for dangerous goods. It explains the use of a special table in the code and computerized storage programs to manage the storage of dangerous goods. The paragraph also outlines the steps involved in establishing segregation provisions and the importance of referencing the dangerous goods list. It highlights the role of senior officers in managing emergencies involving dangerous goods and the importance of adhering to their instructions during drills.

20:30

📦 Handling and Transport of Dangerous Cargo Units

This paragraph provides detailed guidance on the handling and transport of cargo transport units containing dangerous goods. It discusses the importance of inspecting units for damage before loading and emphasizes the need for proper supervision during loading and unloading on roll-on/roll-off (roro) vessels. The paragraph also covers the specific requirements for temperature control, handling dangerous waste materials, and the importance of proper documentation and approvals for transporting dangerous goods by sea. Special provisions for certain vessel types, such as roro vessels and barge-carrying ships, are also mentioned.

Keywords

💡Segregation

Segregation in the context of the video refers to the process of separating different types of dangerous goods to prevent hazardous interactions in the event of an accident. It is crucial for ensuring safety during the transport of various substances on a ship. The script mentions that 'incompatible goods shall be segregated from one another,' highlighting the importance of this process in preventing secondary hazards.

💡Stowage

Stowage is the method of loading and arranging goods on a ship. It is a key aspect of maritime safety, especially when dealing with dangerous goods. The video script discusses stowage by stating 'the way that they are loaded is called, stowage,' emphasizing the need for careful planning to avoid problems between adjacent packages.

💡Dangerous Goods

Dangerous goods are substances or articles that pose a risk to health, safety, or property. The video's main theme revolves around the handling and transport of these goods. The script provides examples such as 'certain types of dangerous goods will also require specialized handling,' indicating the variety of considerations needed for different categories.

💡Cargo Transport Units

Cargo transport units refer to containers or other large storage units used for shipping goods. The script mentions these in relation to the transport of dangerous goods, stating that 'cargo transport units on particular vessel types' and 'cargo transport units used for the transport of dangerous goods shall be examined for damage,' showing the importance of their condition and placement.

💡IMDG Code

The IMDG Code, or International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, is a comprehensive guide to the transport of dangerous goods by sea. The script refers to it as 'the imd g-code,' indicating that it provides the regulatory framework for the safe handling and stowage of dangerous goods on ships.

💡Temperature Control

Temperature control is essential for the safe transport of certain dangerous goods that are sensitive to heat or cold. The script mentions 'temperature control' in the context of 'certain types of dangerous goods,' emphasizing the need for specialized handling to maintain appropriate temperatures during transport.

💡Marine Pollutants

Marine pollutants are substances that can contaminate the marine environment. The script discusses the careful stowage of these materials to 'minimize the risk of them being lost overboard,' highlighting the environmental considerations in the transport of dangerous goods.

💡Hazardous Vapors

Hazardous vapors are gases that can be harmful or toxic. The script warns about the risk of 'the accumulation of dangerous vapors' and the need to stow goods away from living quarters and machinery spaces to prevent exposure to these vapors.

💡Exemptions

Exemptions in this context refer to special permits or approvals required for the transport of certain dangerous goods. The script explains that 'special certificates, approvals or permits called exemptions' are necessary for specific substances, indicating the regulatory requirements for exceptional cases.

💡Storage Categories

Storage categories are classifications that dictate where on a ship dangerous goods can be stowed based on their type and risk level. The script lists several categories such as 'Category A' and 'Category D,' each with specific rules for stowage, to illustrate the detailed organization required for safe transport.

💡Emergency Response Procedures

Emergency response procedures are the steps to be followed in case of an incident involving dangerous goods. The script refers to these procedures in the context of the 'emergency response procedures for ships carrying dangerous goods contained in the supplement to the IMDG-code,' emphasizing preparedness and safety in emergencies.

Highlights

The chapter's learning objective is to secure a limited working knowledge of storage, precautions, segregation, and transport of dangerous goods on ships.

Stowage refers to the way packages are loaded on a ship, and segregation is the process to avoid problems between adjacent packages in an emergency.

Fire is one of the most dangerous ways hazard may spread on a ship, and understanding its prevention is crucial.

Different vessel types impact the handling procedures for packages, vehicles, and containers loaded with dangerous goods.

Certain dangerous goods require specialized handling due to their nature.

Ships are divided into two groups for storage recommendations: cargo ships or passenger ships with limited passengers, and other passenger ships.

Storage categories (A to D and II) dictate where substances, materials, and articles should be stowed on ships.

In the event of spillages or leakages, precautions should be taken to prevent the inadvertent pumping of materials through machinery spaces.

Drums containing dangerous goods must always be stowed upright unless authorized otherwise.

Underdeck storage is recommended wherever possible, except for certain articles like explosives and fiberboard boxes susceptible to water damage.

Storage on deck is recommended when constant supervision or access to the package is required, or there is a risk of explosive gas mixtures or toxic vapors.

Access to essential fittings for the safe management of the vessel should not be impeded by the storage of dangerous goods.

Special provisions regarding the storage of dangerous goods with particular hazards are applied, ensuring clear walkways and access to facilities.

Empty or unclean cylinders that previously contained toxic gases should only be stowed on deck.

Substances needing protection from radiant heat and temperature variations should be shielded from strong sunlight and direct heat sources.

Dangerous cargo must be stowed clear of living quarters to prevent the risk of dangerous vapors leaking into accommodations and work areas.

Marine pollutants must be securely stowed to minimize the risk of being lost overboard, with underdeck storage preferred where permitted.

Foodstuffs should be protected from contamination by toxic gases and substances, with separate storage from such materials.

Radioactive materials, corrosive substances, and infectious substances have specific storage requirements to ensure safety.

Special storage requirements exist for rockets, rocket motors, and gases, including protection from heat and accumulation of dangerous vapors.

Segregation of incompatible goods is essential to prevent hazardous situations in the event of accidents.

The IMDG Code provides diagrams and tables for segregation requirements based on different transport methods and cargo spaces.

In an emergency involving dangerous goods, reference will be made to the emergency response procedures contained in the IMDG Code.

Dangerous waste material must be transported according to international conventions and the IMDG Code, with specific classifications and procedures.

Special certificates, approvals, or permits called exemptions may be required for the transportation of certain dangerous goods, detailed in the IMDG Code.

Transcripts

The learning objective of this chapter

is to secure a limited working knowledge

of storage

particular precautions

segregation

cargo transport units on particular

vessel types temperature control

provisions

the transport of wastes and exemptions

approvals and certificates

while the previous chapters have

addressed provisions for individual

packages and the substances they contain

the potential problems are multiplied

when they all brought together in the

same ship

the way that they are loaded is called

stowage the way in which problems that

adjacent packages can have on each other

in the event of emergency is avoided is

by a process called segregation of

course one of the most dangerous ways in

which hazard may spread is through fire

and an understanding of the ways in

which this is restricted or prevented is

important particular vessel types can

also have a significant impact on the

handling procedures for packages

vehicles and containers loaded with

dangerous goods certain types of

dangerous goods will also require

specialized handling finally there are

particular shipments which requires

special certificates and you should know

that there is a procedure for these

except in the case of class 1 explosives

ships are divided into two groups for

the purpose of making appropriate

storage recommendations

one cargo ships or passenger ships

carrying a limited number of passengers

this number is a maximum of 25 or

calculated as 143 meters of length of

the ship

two other passenger ships in which a

larger number of passengers carried

substances materials and articles shall

be stowed according to a number of

storage categories

these are as follows

click on the categories for Moines

category a

cargo or passengers ships as limited

above on deck or under deck other

passenger ships on deck or under deck

category B

cargo or passengers ships as limited

above on deck or under deck other

passenger ships on deck only

category C

cargo or passengers ships

it above on deck only other passenger

ships on deck only

category D

cargo or passengers ships as limited

above on deck only other passenger ships

prohibited

category ii

cargo or passengers ships as limited

above on deck or under deck other

passenger ships prohibited

because of the speed at which an

accident

living dangerous goods may escalate and

spread through the whole ship for

transport of some particular dangerous

substances materials or articles is not

permitted at all aboard passenger ships

carrying more than 25 passengers

if spillages or leakages occur

asian precautions should be taken to

prevent the inadvertent pumping of the

material through the machinery space

build system

drums containing dangerous goods shall

always be stowed in an upright position

unless otherwise authorized by a

competent authority

this applies to both drums in an open

stove and those packed in a cargo

transport unit where are more underdeck

storage is permitted storage under deck

is recommended wherever possible except

for certain articles of class 1

explosives fiberboard boxes and other

packages susceptible to water damage

shall be stowed under deck or if they're

stowed on deck be located in a protected

location but does not expose them to

whether all seawater

storage on

only is recommended in cases where

constant supervision is required or

access to the package is particularly

required or there is a substantial risk

of formation of explosive gas mixtures

development of highly toxic vapors or

unobserved corrosion of the ship

we're dangerous good to stowed on deck

access to hydrants sounding pipes and

other fittings essential to the safe

management of the vessel shall not be

impeded

at all times the storage of dangerous

goods shall be so arranged

as to ensure clear walkways and access

to facilities are maintained and but any

special provisions regarding storage of

dangerous goods possessing a particular

hazard can be applied

packages and other receptacles that

would normally be stowed on deck only

when in a full condition may be stowed

again on deck when empty or under deck

provided the space is mechanically

ventilated empty unclean cylinders that

have previously contained gasps of a

toxic nature shall however only bestowed

on deck

some substances need to be protected

from radiant heat and large temperature

variations such substances shall

therefore be protected from strong

sunlight by locating them other than on

the top or the side of an armed ex toe

and we stowed away from sources of

direct heat such as heating coils steam

pipes uninsulated machinery bulkheads

and the like

dangerous cargo shall be stowed clear of

living quarters and consideration of the

possibility that dangerous vapors may

leak to be drawn into the accommodation

machinery space and other work areas

through air intakes ventilation ducts

and openings and bulkheads such as doors

and ports all infectious substances

shall be stowed in a position separated

by a complete compartment or hold from

living quarters

marine pollutants are to be securely

stowed in such a manner as to minimize

the risk of them being lost overboard

underdeck storage is preferred where

permitted except where a weathertech

storage provides equivalent protection

we're home Dec only storage is required

packages containing such marine

pollutants shall be stowed in well

protected areas

foodstuffs can be contaminated very

easily and if then eaten this can lead

to very serious health problems toxic

gases and toxic substances shall be

stowed away from food starts except

where the substances and the foodstuffs

are in separate closed cargo transport

units infectious substances shall be

stowed in a position separated by a

complete compartment or hold from all

foodstuffs radioactive materials chubby

stowed separated from foodstuffs

corrosive substances shall be stowed

away from foodstuffs the precise

definition of these storage terms is

dealt with in a following section

go to class

Joseph's also have to be protected from

the following heat

water

any potential hazards presented by a

and cables and lightning strike

there are special storage requirements

for rockets and rocket motors security

is a particular concern for these goods

go to class two gases also have to be

protected from the following

heat

movement and

the accumulation of dangerous vapors

goods of class 3 flammable liquids also

have to be protected from

heat

the accumulation of dangerous papers and

must also bestowed in relation to other

areas of the ship

goods of class four point

one flammable solids 4.2 substances

liable to spontaneous combustion and 4.3

substances which on contact with water

amit flammable gases must also be

protected from

heat

the accumulation of dangerous vapors and

must be stowed in relation to other

areas of the ship and with consideration

of the possible need for jettison in the

event of an emergency

goods of class 5.1 oxidizing substances

and 5.2 organic peroxides must also be

protected from

contact with moisture and water

potential sources of ignition and must

be stowed in relation to other areas of

the ship and with consideration of the

possible need for jettison in the event

of an emergency

goods of class 6.1 toxic substances must

also be protected from

the accumulation of dangerous vapors and

must be stowed in relation to other

areas of the ship they must also be

inspected after discharge for possible

contamination special attention must be

paid to toxic substances which are also

flammable liquids

particular provisions applied

which of goods of class 7 radioactive

material they are very specific and

include those relating to

the categories of radioactive

Ariel the maximum quantity is based on

transport indexes of the consignments

and the need for monitoring of

consignments during shipment

go to class 8 corrosive substances must

be protected from

contact with moisture and water the

accumulation of dangerous neighbors and

heat

various special provisions apply to the

storage of goods of class 9

miscellaneous dangerous substances and

articles they relate specifically to

precautions for certain fertilizers

when dangerous goods are loaded closely

together on a ship there may be a risk

of leakage contamination or a dangerous

reaction if something goes wrong during

the voyage

careful consideration therefore needs to

be given to the locations of all

packages of dangerous goods if a

dangerous reaction is possible then

those goods need to be separated from

each other

this procedure is referred to as

segregation

the principles of segregation applied

cargo spaces on deck or under deck and

to all types of ship and cargo transport

unit

incompatible goods shall be segregated

from one another

incompatible goods of those which

wednesday together result in a hazardous

situation in the event of spillage

leakage or any other accident

secondary hazards must also be

considered

the following terms are applicable to

the storage of

painting dangerous goods and it is

necessary to examine them in more detail

before continuing

click on the terms for more information

the principal manual method of

determining which general

supply is by reference to a special

table contained in the code many

companies utilize computerized storage

programs which include electronic

versions of this segregation table

since the properties of substances

materials and articles vary greatly

the table is only to be considered as a

tool that supports the dangerous goods

list the specific segregation provisions

indicated in the list will always take

precedence over the general provisions

in the table click on the button below

to see the table

for the purposes of segregation the code

considers different transport methods

individually segregation of packages

segregation of cargo transport units

aboard containerships segregation of

cargo transport units on board

roll-on/roll-off ships segregation and

ship-borne barges and onboard barge

carrying ships and segregation between

bulk materials possessing chemical

hazards and dangerous goods in packaged

form chapter 7 of the code contains a

series of diagrams

based on the above categories to enable

the user to see the necessary

segregation requirements

there are three steps to establishing

the required segregation provisions one

consult the dangerous goods list to

refer to the segregation table 3

determine the required segregation

provisions according to the means of

transport this planning is done on

computer in many ships and officers

today

in the event of an incident involving

dangerous goods reference will be made

to the emergency response procedures for

ships carrying dangerous goods contained

in the supplement to the imd g-code

additional general information will be

found in the vessels so last training

manual this is something the senior

officers will do automatically and you

should follow their instructions

carefully in an emergency you should

also pay attention to their explanations

during emergency drills in the event of

exposure to a dangerous substance

reference will be made to the medical

first aid guide for use in accidents

involving dangerous goods

recommendations on how to

handles managers will vary according to

whether the storage is on deck or under

deck and whether the substance is a

liquid or solid in general the

recommendation is to wash spillages on

deck overboard with copious amounts of

water disposal is still dangerous goods

overboard is a matter of judgment for

the master bearing in mind that the

safety of personnel has priority over

pollution of the sea the Master will

always issue orders on this and you

should never act without first obtaining

clear instructions if it is safe to do

so those substances listed as marine

pollutants should be connected for safe

disposal and absorbent material should

be used to collect spilled liquid care

should be taken to guard against the

effects of toxic vapors and the

possibility of reduced oxygen levels in

the vicinity of a spillage particularly

in confined spaces if necessary

self-contained breathing operators

should be used

before loading cargo transport units

used for the transport of dangerous

goods shall be examined for damage

leakage or sifting of the contents any

unit found with such defects shall not

be accepted for shipment

this is often done well before the

eunuch reaches the ship but the crew

should be alert to damage that may have

occurred on the way to the ship

care should be taken in the event that

your transport unit needs to be open for

any reason the nature of the contents of

the possibility of leakage or the

accumulation of toxic vapors leading to

an unsafe atmosphere should be

considered some products react on

contact with moisture and care should be

taken wherever possible to restrict the

development of condensation within cargo

transport units

similarly where it is required the

dangerous goods be kept as cool as

possible consideration should be given

to protecting a cargo transport unit

against heat such as from direct

sunlight empty cargo transport units

which previously contained dangerous

goods shall be inspected to ensure that

no dangerous residues remain

care needs to be given to the storage of

cargo transport units containing

flammable gases or liquids having a very

low flash point particularly under deck

there is a risk from the heating or

cooling equipment on refrigerated or

heated cargo transport units as this may

be a potential source of ignition

for the segregation of cargo transport

units are

ships or ships of other types but fitted

to provide permanent storage of

containers there is another special

table in the code the type of container

is also important here

closed unit a unit which totally

encloses the contents by permanent

structures fabric sides or tops are not

acceptable under this definition open

unit any unit which by definition is not

the closed unit

loading and unloading of the vehicle

decks on a rogue vessel must be properly

supervised by qualified and appointed

personnel such spaces shall be securely

closed during the voyage

dangerous goods packed in cargo

transport units are permitted to be

stowed in the conventional way on

vehicle decks weather decks or in cargo

holes provided all requirements of the

imd g-code are met and the units are

properly secured regular inspections of

spaces containing such units by an

authorized crewmember are required in

order to gain early detection of any

hazard because of the unique design

features of roro vessels special

segregation provisions again apply to

this type of vessel and again there is a

special table in the code

barge carrying ships are another special

case because of their design once again

special provisions are made for the

transport of packaged dangerous goods on

these ships and they are detailed in the

code

certain substances mainly organic

peroxides and self reactive substances

of class 4.1 must be carried at

specified low temperatures the paperwork

will include a note of the temperature

at which emergency procedures must be

implemented

there are different methods of

temperature can

row and various factors will influence

which is employed including the

difference between the control

temperature and the anticipated ambient

temperatures the effectiveness of any

thermal insulation and the duration of

the voyage

methods of temperature

thermal insulation

thermal insulation with a

system single or dual mechanical

refrigeration and combined mechanical

refrigeration and coolant system and any

electrical fittings shall be

explosion-proof and of an approved

pattern

dangerous waste material shall be

transported in accordance with the

relevant international conventions and

to where it concerns the transport by

sea with the provisions of the imdg code

a waste containing only one constituent

which is a dangerous substance shall be

regarded as being that substance for the

purposes of the code a waste containing

two or more dangerous constituents shall

be classified according to the

predominant hazard

in some cases special certificates

approvals or permits called exemptions

are required for the transportation of

dangerous goods by sea the way in which

these are issued and controlled is

detailed in the imd g-code such papers

are issued by competent authorities

national government departments

responsible for enforcing the provisions

of the imdg code in a particular country

or agencies and organizations which have

been delegated to carry out certain

related tasks such as the testing of

packaging's click the button to see

examples of exemption and approval

certificates