DI TII JAWA BARAT | MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12 SMA
Summary
TLDRThis Indonesian history lesson for 12th-grade students explores the DI/TII rebellion in West Java, led by Kartosuwiryo, who aimed to establish an Islamic State. The script discusses the rebellion's background, including dissatisfaction with leftist influences in the government and the impact of the Renville Agreement. The rebellion began with Kartosuwiryo's refusal to leave West Java and escalated with clashes against the Siliwangi Division. The script details the rebellion's progression, government efforts for peace, and military operations that ultimately ended the uprising with Kartosuwiryo's capture in 1962.
Takeaways
- 📜 The lesson covers the history of Indonesia, specifically focusing on the Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) rebellion in West Java.
- 🇮🇩 After Indonesia's independence in 1945, the country faced multiple rebellions, including the DI/TII led by Kartosuwiryo in West Java.
- 💡 The rebellion was driven by Kartosuwiryo's aspiration to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia, inspired by the Prophet Muhammad's establishment of an Islamic community in Yathrib.
- ⚔️ Kartosuwiryo formed the Laskar Sabilillah, a militant group that later became the core of the Tentara Islam Indonesia (TII).
- 🛡️ The DI/TII rebellion was partly fueled by Kartosuwiryo's disappointment with the Indonesian government, which he perceived as being dominated by leftist ideologies and compromising with the Dutch.
- 📅 The rebellion began in January 1948, following the Renville Agreement, which saw the Indonesian government and military withdrawing from West Java.
- 🚨 The DI/TII forces, led by Kartosuwiryo, refused to leave West Java and engaged in guerrilla warfare against both the Dutch and Indonesian forces.
- 🔫 The conflict intensified when the Siliwangi Division returned to West Java, leading to clashes between the DI/TII forces and the Indonesian military.
- 🛑 The Indonesian government initially attempted peaceful negotiations, but these efforts failed, leading to a military crackdown on the DI/TII.
- 🏁 The rebellion ultimately ended in 1962 with the capture and execution of Kartosuwiryo, following a successful military operation known as Operation Baratayuda.
Q & A
What were the main challenges Indonesia faced after gaining independence in 1945?
-After gaining independence in 1945, Indonesia faced numerous challenges, including internal rebellions from both left-wing extremists like the PKI Madiun and right-wing extremists such as Darul Islam (DI) and Tentara Islam Indonesia (TII).
Who founded the Darul Islam (DI) movement in West Java, and what inspired him?
-The Darul Islam (DI) movement in West Java was founded by Kartosuwiryo. He was inspired by the Islamic governance model established by Prophet Muhammad during his migration to Yathrib (Medina), aiming to create an Islamic state in Indonesia.
What was the significance of the 1948 Renville Agreement in the context of the DI/TII rebellion?
-The Renville Agreement of 1948 led to the relocation of the Indonesian government and military from West Java to Central Java and Yogyakarta. This move was seen by Kartosuwiryo as a betrayal of the Islamic cause, prompting him to establish the Darul Islam and initiate the rebellion.
How did Kartosuwiryo's forces respond to the TNI's return to West Java?
-When the TNI (Siliwangi Division) returned to West Java following the Renville Agreement, Kartosuwiryo's forces attacked them, viewing the TNI as a threat to his goal of establishing an Islamic state and considering the Republic of Indonesia as defunct.
What were the key actions taken by Kartosuwiryo after declaring the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia?
-After declaring the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia in August 1949, Kartosuwiryo expanded his control throughout West Java, engaging in terror activities such as burning houses, killings, and looting, particularly targeting villages suspected of aiding the national army.
What were the two main approaches the Indonesian government used to deal with the DI/TII rebellion?
-The Indonesian government used two main approaches to deal with the DI/TII rebellion: peaceful negotiation and military action. The peaceful efforts, including offers for amnesty, failed, leading to military operations like 'Operation Pagar Betis' and 'Operation Baratayuda' to suppress the rebellion.
What was the outcome of Operation Baratayuda in 1962?
-Operation Baratayuda in 1962 successfully targeted the DI/TII command center, leading to the capture of Kartosuwiryo, the leader of the rebellion. He was later sentenced to death, effectively ending the DI/TII rebellion in West Java.
Why did Kartosuwiryo oppose the Indonesian government led by left-wing politicians?
-Kartosuwiryo opposed the Indonesian government led by left-wing politicians because he believed that their ideology was incompatible with his vision of an Islamic state. He was particularly disappointed with the government’s acceptance of the Renville Agreement, which he saw as a compromise with the colonial Dutch forces.
What were the key military strategies used by the TNI to weaken the DI/TII forces?
-The TNI used strategies like 'Operation Pagar Betis,' which involved surrounding and isolating DI/TII forces, cutting off their supplies, and restricting their movements. This was followed by a concentrated attack during 'Operation Baratayuda,' which targeted the command structure of the DI/TII.
What were the reasons behind the failure of the initial peaceful efforts to end the DI/TII rebellion?
-The initial peaceful efforts to end the DI/TII rebellion failed due to the deep ideological differences between the government and Kartosuwiryo’s forces. Additionally, Kartosuwiryo and his followers were determined to establish an Islamic state, rejecting all offers for reconciliation and integration into the national army or police force.
Outlines
📜 Introduction to the History of DI/TII West Java
The script begins with a warm welcome to the history class, setting the stage for a discussion on Indonesia's past, focusing on the post-independence period when the nation faced multiple rebellions. These included uprisings by both left-wing extremists like the PKI in Madiun and right-wing extremists such as Darul Islam (DI) or the Islamic Army of Indonesia (TII) in West Java. The lesson outlines a conceptual map to help students understand the material, starting with the background of DI/TII in West Java, the course of the rebellion, and its eventual resolution.
📖 Background of the DI/TII Movement in West Java
The DI/TII movement in West Java was driven by the aspiration to establish an Islamic State of Indonesia, inspired by the early Islamic community established by Prophet Muhammad. Kartosuwiryo, the movement's leader, sought to create a militant cadre through educational and training institutions. The political landscape changed when Japan, during its occupation of Indonesia, imposed a ban on political activities, prompting Kartosuwiryo to militarize his followers. His ambition to establish an Islamic state was further fueled by his disillusionment with the leftist-dominated Indonesian government, particularly after the signing of the Renville Agreement, which led to the relocation of government and military forces from West Java to Yogyakarta.
⚔️ The Course of the DI/TII Rebellion in West Java
The DI/TII rebellion in West Java escalated following the implementation of the Renville Agreement in early 1948, which forced government and military elements to relocate from West Java. Kartosuwiryo and his followers refused to leave, instead launching a physical resistance against the Dutch, who aimed to establish a Pasundan state. Kartosuwiryo dissolved Masyumi in West Java, declared himself the leader of the Islamic State of Indonesia, and established the Islamic Army of Indonesia (TII) with operations based in the mountainous regions of West Java. The situation intensified as Dutch military aggression loomed, prompting TNI forces to return to West Java, only to be met with attacks from DI/TII forces.
💥 Kartosuwiryo's Proclamation and DI/TII Expansion
Kartosuwiryo saw the return of the Siliwangi Division to West Java as a threat to his vision of an Islamic State and, in August 1949, officially proclaimed the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia. This proclamation marked a significant threat to Indonesia's independence, as DI/TII expanded its operations across West Java. The movement resorted to terror tactics, including arson, murder, and looting, often targeting villages suspected of supporting the national army.
⚖️ Efforts to End the DI/TII Rebellion
The Indonesian government initially attempted to resolve the DI/TII rebellion through peaceful means under the Natsir Cabinet, offering the rebels amnesty and integration into the military or police. However, these efforts failed, leading to the formation of committees and eventually the recommendation for military action. From 1950 onwards, military efforts intensified, but progress was slow due to multiple concurrent rebellions across Indonesia. The turning point came in 1960, with the military launching Operation Pagar Betis to isolate the DI/TII forces and cut off their supplies, culminating in Operation Baratayuda in 1962, which led to Kartosuwiryo's capture and the end of the rebellion.
📝 Conclusion and Summary of the DI/TII West Java Rebellion
The conclusion of the lesson summarizes the key points: the background of the DI/TII rebellion, driven by the goal of establishing an Islamic State and dissatisfaction with the Renville Agreement; the course of the rebellion, marked by resistance against the returning Siliwangi Division and the proclamation of an Islamic State; and the end of the rebellion, achieved through both diplomatic and military efforts, with the final defeat of Kartosuwiryo's forces in 1962.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡PKI Madiun
💡Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII)
💡Kartosuwiryo
💡Perjanjian Renville
💡Divisi Siliwangi
💡Negara Islam Indonesia
💡Operasi Pagar Betis
💡Operasi Baratayuda
💡Kabinet Natsir
💡Agresi Militer Belanda
Highlights
Introduction to the lesson: Overview of the Indonesian history class for grade 12.
Background on post-independence challenges faced by Indonesia, including left-wing and right-wing extremist uprisings.
Explanation of the left-wing extremist rebellion represented by PKI Madiun and the right-wing extremist rebellion led by Darul Islam (DI TII) in West Java.
Kartosuwiryo's role in founding DI TII in West Java, inspired by the idea of establishing an Islamic State of Indonesia.
Establishment of a militant training institute by Kartosuwiryo in 1940, affiliated with PSSI, which later became a military training center.
Kartosuwiryo's disappointment with the left-leaning government and the acceptance of the Renville Agreement, leading to the founding of DI TII.
Recount of the rejection by Kartosuwiryo and his 4,000-strong militia to move to Central Java, leading to continued resistance in West Java.
Kartosuwiryo's declaration of the Islamic State of Indonesia and formation of the Indonesian Islamic Army, marking the beginning of a significant rebellion.
Conflict between DI TII forces and Siliwangi Division upon their return to West Java, driven by Kartosuwiryo's belief that the Indonesian government had ended after the second Dutch military aggression.
Expansion of DI TII's influence across West Java, marked by acts of terror, including burning villages, murder, and robbery, as part of their resistance.
Government's dual approach to resolve the rebellion: peaceful persuasion by the Natsir Cabinet and military operations.
Failure of peaceful negotiations, leading to the military's focused operations against DI TII, culminating in Operation Pagar Betis and Operation Baratayuda.
Final defeat of DI TII with the capture and execution of Kartosuwiryo in 1962, marking the end of the rebellion.
Summary of key points: the ideological roots of DI TII, the progression of the rebellion, and the methods used to suppress it.
Closing remarks and farewell to students, concluding the history lesson.
Transcripts
Halo Halo teman-teman selamat datang di
kelas Sejarah Indonesia kelas 12 bersama
saya tidak persiapkan diri kalian karena
kita akan kembali ke masa lalu maka dari
itu Yuk kita mulai
[Musik]
semenjak kemerdekaan Indonesia di tahun
1945 setidaknya Indonesia harus
menghadapi berbagai masalah
pemberontakan termasuk pemberontakan
yang dilakukan oleh kelompok ekstremis
kiri yang diwakili oleh PKI Madiun dan
pemberontakan yang dilakukan oleh
ekstremis kanan yaitu Darul Islam atau
tentara Islam Indonesia di wilayah Jawa
Barat DI TII Jawa Barat menjadi pusat
dari lahirnya dti yang ada di berbagai
daerah di Indonesia didirikan oleh
Kartosuwiryo anak angkat dari
Cokroaminoto dan juga sempat terdaftar
sebagai anggota PSSI Nah untuk
memudahkan kalian dalam memahami materi
maka dari itu tapi kan peta konsep
berikut ini pertama kita akan melihat
latar belakang dari lahirnya DI TII Jawa
Barat kedua kita akan melihat bagaimana
jalannya pemberontakan dan terakhir kita
akan melihat bagaimana akhir
pemberontakan maka dari itu Yuk kita
bahas konsep kita yang pertama
latar belakang dari lahirnya DI TII Jawa
Barat diawali dari cita-cita pendirian
Negara Islam Indonesia terinspirasi dari
Nabi Muhammad pada awal perkembangan
hijrahnya ke Yatsrib dengan membentuk
masyarakat Islam dengan lembaga
pendidikan serta pengkaderan maka
Kartosuwiryo berusaha untuk mendirikan
sebuah lembaga pendidikan dan
pengkaderan bernama isi tutufa di tahun
1940 yang berafiliasi dengan PSSI
mendidik kader-kader yang militan dalam
bidang politik dan keagamaan namun dalam
perkembangannya di tahun 94 setelah
Jepang mengeluarkan kebijakan pembekuan
Setiap kegiatan politik di Indonesia
maka Institute sumpah tingkatkan
aktivitasnya menjadi pusat pelatihan
militer di daerah dan membentuk Laskar
bernama Sabilillah sebuah Laskar yang
kelak akan menjadi inti dari tentara
Islam Indonesia yang dikomandoi oleh
Kartosuwiryo
Hai cita-cita Kartosuwiryo untuk
mendirikan Negara Islam terhambat
setelah pemerintahan Republik Indonesia
yang terbentuk nyatanya didominasi oleh
orang-orang kiri tokoh-tokoh politik
yang berideologi kiri dianggap oleh
Kartosuwiryo menghambat perjuangan umat
Islam hal ini terbukti setelah
pemerintahan Amir Syarifuddin menerima
hasil perjanjian Renville mengakibatkan
pemerintahan dan militer di Jawa barat
berpindah ke Jogyakarta
penerimaan terhadap hasil perjanjian
Renville dianggap sebagai kekeliruan
karena berperang dengan Belanda
dianggapnya sebagai perang suci yang
patut untuk diperjuangkan dibandingkan
dengan sikap pemerintah yang membuka
hubungan perundingan dengan Belanda hal
ini memicu kekecewaan dari kapur Suwiryo
yang berujung terhadap pernyataannya
untuk mendirikan Darul Islam atau
tentara Islam Indonesia dengan
memanfaatkan kekosongan kekuasaan di
Jawa Barat diserahkannya
Hai selanjutnya kita akan melihat
bagaimana jalannya pemberontakan diawali
di bulan Januari Tahun 1948 berdasarkan
hasil perjanjian Renville seluruh elemen
di Jawa Barat baik itu pemerintah dan
militer terpaksa harus berpindah ke Jawa
Tengah dan Yogyakarta belum akhir
Februari Tahun 1948 namun ketika hendak
berpindah Kartosuwiryo dan Laskar
Hizbullah yang berjumlah empat ribu
pasukan menolak untuk hijrah ke Jogja
dan Jawa Tengah sehingga ia dan
pasukannya tetap berada di wilayah Jawa
Barat sembari melakukan perlawanan fisik
dengan kolonial Belanda yang
berinisiatif untuk membentuk negara
Pasundan
Hai hingga dalam sebuah pertemuan yang
dihadiri oleh pembesar DI TII
Kartosuwiryo
membekukan kegiatan Masyumi Jawa Barat
dan membentuk majelis umat Islam
mendeklarasikan dirinya sebagai imam
besar Negara Islam Indonesia serta
membentuk tentara Islam Indonesia dengan
basis operasi di pegunungan Jawa Barat
namun kegiatan Kartosuwiryo sempat
terganggu sebab menginjak bulan November
Tahun 1948 hingga Januari tahun 1949 TNI
yang melihat aktivitas tentara Belanda
di perbatasan mulai melihat Adanya
kemungkinan serangan Belanda ke wilayah
Republik Indonesia karena berkaca
terhadap tindakan Belanda melalui Agresi
Militer Belanda 1 di tahun 1947 sehingga
Jenderal besar Soedirman
menginstruksikan kepada seluruh tentara
yang hijrah ke daerah Jawa Tengah dan
Yogyakarta untuk kembali menyusup ke
daerahnya masing-masing melalui surat
perintah siasat nomor 1 di Tahun 1948
hal ini disambut baik oleh pai divisi
Siliwangi untuk kembali ke Jawa Barat
dengan mengadakan lomax namun
Sesampainya di wilayah Jawa Barat
pasukan DI TII melakukan penyerangan
terhadap pasukan Siliwangi Serangan yang
dilancarkan oleh Kartosuwiryo terjadi
karena ia menilai bahwa pemerintah
Republik Indonesia sudah berakhir pasca
agresi militer Belanda kedua yang
menyerang ibukota Republik Indonesia
sehingga tentara Siliwangi dianggapnya
sebagai tentara lihat Selain itu
kehadiran tentara Siliwangi di Jawa
Barat dapat mengancam cita-cita
Kartosuwiryo untuk mendirikan Negara
Islam Indonesia Nah agar cita-citanya
dapat terlaksana maka di bulan Agustus
tahun 1949 secara resmi Kartosuwiryo
akhirnya memproklamasikan berdirinya
Negara Islam Indonesia dan menjadi
ancaman baru bagi kemerdekaan Indonesia
setelah memproklamasikan berdirinya they
di tahun 99 hingga ditahun 92
Kartosuwiryo berhasil untuk meluaskan
wilayah Gerakan DI TII hingga keseluruh
daerah di Jawa Barat melakukan rangkaian
aksi teror terhadap warga sekitar Jawa
Barat seperti melakukan pembakaran
rumah-rumah warga melakukan pembunuhan
dan perampokan terkadang desa-desa
diserang sebagai pembalasan pasukan
detail karena curiga mereka membantu
pihak tentara nasional
selanjutnya kita akan melihat bagaimana
akhir dari pemberontakan DI TII Jawa
Barat
upaya untuk menyelesaikan pemberontakan
bisa kita lihat dari dua pendekatan yang
dilakukan oleh pemerintah melalui upaya
damai dan militer upaya damai diawali di
masa pemerintahan Kabinet Natsir Kabinet
Natsir berusaha untuk membujuk para
gerilyawan yang terus menentang Republik
agar menyerah pemerintah mengeluarkan
Pengumuman pada tanggal 14 November yang
memberikan kesempatan kepada para
gerilyawan untuk melapor kepada
pemerintah hingga tanggal 14 Desember
Saudara akan dijanjikan diterima di
dalam angkatan bersenjata atau Angkatan
kepolisian sesuai dengan peraturan yang
berlaku bila mereka menghendakinya bila
tidak pemerintah akan membantu mereka
untuk mencari pekerjaan baru Namun
bujukan ini menemui kebuntuan sehingga
Natsir membentuk beberapa komite yaitu
komitmen Acer Wahid Hasyim dan wali
al-fatah yang merupakan kenalan Dari
Kartosuwiryo namun Semuanya berakhir
dengan kegagalan bahkan Wali al-fatah
merekomendasikan agar diadakannya
tindakan Blade kebuntuan yang dialami
melalui jalur damai mengakibatkan
pemerintah melakukan tindakan militer
namun upaya dilakukan semenjak 1950
sampai dengan tahun 97 nyatanya tidak
mengalami progres yang signifikan karena
TNI kala itu harus menghadapi berbagai
macam ancaman pemberontakan yang terjadi
bahkan ditahun 1957 Nasution melalui
pupuk 21 yaitu rencana untuk menahan
musuh di daerah tertentu dan memusatkan
serangan sekaligus ke salah satu daerah
nyatanya masih belum menemui
keberhasilan karena kurangnya tenaga
titik terang dari pemberontakan DI TII
Jawa Barat muncul di tahun 1960 setelah
militer bersama-sama dengan rakyat
membentuk operasi pagar betis sebuah
operasi untuk membatasi ruang gerak
khusus dan memutus suplai makanannya
setelah semakin menurunnya kondisi
stamina dan psikologi dari they Jawa
Barat Maka di tahun 1962 militer
mengadakan serangan pamungkasnya melalui
operasi Baratayuda operasi yang
menyerang langsung pusat komando DI TII
dan berhasil untuk menangkap
Kartosuwiryo Kartosuwiryo yang dihadiri
akhirnya dijatuhi hukuman mati sekaligus
mengakhiri pemberontakan DI TII Jawa
Barat
selanjutnya Mari kita tarik kesimpulan
dari materi kita kali ini
Hai kesimpulan dari materi pemberontakan
DI TII Jawa Barat yaitu pertama latar
belakang berupa cita-cita pendirian
Negara Islam dominasi orang-orang kiri
dalam pemerintahan dan kekecewaan
terhadap Perjanjian Renville kedua
jalannya pemberontakan diawali dari
hijrahnya pemerintah dan militer Jawa
Barat yang tidak diikuti oleh
Kartosuwiryo kembalinya divisi Siliwangi
ke Jawa Barat yang dibalas Perlawanan
oleh Kartosuwiryo puncaknya setelah
Kartosuwiryo akhirnya memproklamasikan
berdirinya they Jawa Barat ketiga akhir
pemberontakan DI TII Jawa Barat
dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu Jalan
Damai yang ditempuh oleh pemerintahan
Kabinet Natsir dan Jalan L dengan
operasi pagar betis dan ditutup dengan
operasi Baratayuda
demikian adalah kesimpulan dari materi
pemberontakan DI TII Jawa Barat Nah
karena materi kita telah selesai maka
dari itu saya pamit undur diri sampai
jumpa gigi di kelas sejarah selanjutnya
dadah
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