So Switzerland, you care to explain this...?

Summary

スイスがロシアから合法的に金を輸入し続けている背景には、同国の長い中立政策と複雑な歴史があります。第二次世界大戦中には、戦時下のドイツからの金の購入や、アパルトヘイト体制下の南アフリカとの取引など、スイスの中立性が倫理的に問題視される事例がありました。また、スイスは西側諸国によるロシアへの制裁にもかかわらず、ロシアのオリガルヒたちに「ゴールデンビザ」を通じて居住地を提供しています。このビデオスクリプトは、スイスの中立性が平和と繁栄のためのものである一方で、その中立性が時には倫理的に疑問視される側面をも持つことを明らかにしています。

Takeaways

• 🇨🇭 スイスはウクライナ戦争開始以来、ロシアから合法的に金を輸入し続けている。
• 💰 スイスには、戦時中のドイツによって略奪された美術品が隠されていた歴史がある。
• 🏦 スイスの中立性は長い歴史があり、1815年以来、国際的な紛争に参加していない。
• 🤝 スイスはNATOやEUには加盟しておらず、2002年に国連に加盟した最後の国の一つである。
• 📈 ウクライナ戦争前に比べて、スイスのロシアからの金輸入量は大幅に増加している。
• 🔍 英国はロシア金輸出の仲介役を果たし、スイスはそれを合法的に購入し精錬している。
• 🛂 スイスは「ゴールデンビザ」を通じてロシアのオリガルヒに居住権を提供している。
• 📉 スイスは中立政策の下で、武器を紛争中の国々に販売することを禁じているが、その適用には柔軟性がある。
• 🌍 スイスは過去に、両戦争当事者と取引を行い、中立性を保ちながら経済的に利益を得ていた。
• 🏢 スイスの銀行秘密法は過去に、戦時中の略奪品の隠匿に利用されてきたが、2014年に撤廃された。

Q & A

ウクライナ戦争開始以来、ロシアからスイスにどのくらいの金が流れ込んでいるのか？

ウクライナ戦争開始以来、75トンの金がロシアからスイスに流れ込み、市場価値で約55億ドルに相当します。

2022年にスイスがロシアの金の輸入を禁止したにもかかわらず、なぜロシアの金がスイスに合法的に流入しているのか？

スイスはEU諸国による制裁の対象となっているロシアからの金を、国際的な規制に従い、合法的に取引しているからです。

スイスの中立性はいつから続いているのか？

スイスは1815年以来、国際紛争に参加しておらず、1907年には正式な政策として中立性を採用しています。

スイスはなぜNATOやEUのメンバーではないのか？

スイスはその長い中立政策を維持するために、NATOやEUなどの軍事同盟や政治組織には参加していません。

ウクライナ戦争前と比較して、2023年にスイスのロシアからの金輸入量はどのように変化したのか？

ウクライナ戦争前の年間平均20トンから、2023年には38トンに増加しました。

なぜスイスはロシアの金を融解して再スタンプするのか？

スイスは金塊を融解して再スタンプすることで、その起源の追跡可能性を失わせ、倫理的に問題のある金を事実上洗浄しています。

スイスのゴールデンビザとは何か、どのようにしてロシアのオリガルヒがこれを利用しているのか？

スイスのゴールデンビザは、一定額の税金を支払うことで居住権または市民権を得ることができる制度で、ロシアのオリガルヒはこれを利用して西側へ合法的に入国し、スイス法の保護を享受しています。

スイスが他の国々の軍事衝突に武器を販売できない理由は何か？

スイス法は、進行中の衝突に関与している国々への武器販売を禁じており、また外国軍のスイス領土や領空の使用も許可していません。

スイスが第二次世界大戦中に軸国と同盟国の双方と取引を行った理由は何か？

スイスは中立国として、侵略や占領の脅威から自国を守るため、また経済的な利益のために、軸国と同盟国双方との間でバランスを取りながら取引を行いました。

スイスが中立性を維持しながらも軍事貿易で利益を得ることができる理由は何か？

スイスは、国際的な衝突に直接関与しないという中立性の原則に従いつつ、特定の規制と条件の下で武器や軍事関連商品を輸出することで、経済的な利益を享受しています。

Outlines

00:00

🇨🇭スイスの中立性とゴールド輸入

スイスがウクライナ戦争開始以降、EUの制裁を受けながらも合法的にロシアから大量の金を輸入している事実について説明します。ロシアの金はスイスで再溶解され、その過程で追跡可能なシールが消され、スイスのシールに置き換えられます。これにより、倫理的に問題のある金が事実上「洗浄」されている状況です。また、スイスの中立性の歴史的背景と、第二次世界大戦中のスイスの行動、特に戦争中にドイツとの取引を通じて利益を得た事例が紹介されます。さらに、スイスが中立国であるにもかかわらず、その中立性が常に倫理的であるとは限らない点についても触れられています。

05:01

🚨スイスとロシアのオリガルヒ

ロシアのオリガルヒがスイスでの生活を続けている方法について説明します。彼らは、いわゆる「ゴールデンビザ」を通じてスイスの居住権や市民権を獲得しています。スイスはロシアからの大量の資本流入を受け入れており、ロシアの富豪たちはスイスの法律の完全な保護を享受しながら快適に暮らしています。このパラグラフでは、スイスの移民政策、特に各州が独自の政策を持つシステムの下で、ロシアの富豪たちがどのようにしてスイスに留まり続けることが可能になっているかについて解説しています。

10:02

🔍スイスの中立性の複雑な実態

スイスの中立性が国際的な紛争や経済的な利益とどのように関連しているかについて掘り下げます。スイスは武器輸出の規制を厳しくしているものの、実際には多くの場合、その中立性を維持しながらも他国の紛争に間接的に関与しています。例えば、スイスはウクライナへの武器提供を直接拒否しつつも、ドイツに対して代替の戦車を提供することで制限を回避しています。また、スイスは過去にアパルトヘイト体制下の南アフリカへの技術輸出や、中東の紛争地域への武器部品の販売など、倫理的に問題のある行動を取ってきました。このパラグラフは、スイスがいかにしてその中立性を維持しながらも、国際的な紛争や経済的な利益に深く関与しているかを示しています。

Keywords

💡中立性

スイスは長年中立を維持してきました。しかし、ロシアのウクライナ侵攻に対する制裁への対応では、中立性に割れ目が生じています。

💡金の取引

スイスは過去にも問題のある金の取引をしてきました。今回もロシアからの金の流入を止めていません。

Highlights

Switzerland has imported over 75 tons of Russian gold since the Ukraine war began, worth over $5 billion.

Switzerland continues to legally import Russian gold despite EU sanctions against Russia.

Switzerland's neutrality has allowed it to profit from wars without getting directly involved.

During WWII, Switzerland imported gold from Nazi Germany, helping fund the German war effort.

Swiss banks refused to return most of the Nazi gold after WWII, keeping billions in wealth.

Switzerland hosts over 85 Russian oligarchs through "Golden Visa" programs.

Swiss cantons have autonomy over immigration, preventing central expulsion of oligarchs.

$46 billion in Russian assets still remain in Swiss banks and economy.

During apartheid, Swiss companies actively supported South Africa's nuclear program.

Swiss encryption firm Crypto AG allowed the CIA to spy on foreign governments undetected.

Switzerland sells military equipment to countries in conflict by exploiting neutrality loopholes.

In 2020, Switzerland exported $965 million in weapons, making it the 7th largest arms exporter.

Neutrality allows Switzerland to profit from wars without accountability.

Switzerland's questionable wartime conduct is still debated today.

Switzerland finds ways to support conflicts despite proclaimed neutrality.

Transcripts

75 tons of gold has passed through

Russia into Switzerland since the

beginning of the war in Ukraine as of

writing this it's worth five and a half

billion dollars on the open market and

while Russia is sanctioned by EU

countries and Switzerland even banned

Russian gold in 2022 Russian gold

continues to flow into Switzerland

completely legally so how is that

possible why is Switzerland not stopping

this well when you dig into the facts it

turns out this goes way further back

than you could even imagine see

Switzerland's neutrality can be

controversial at times and some may say

the country has not always been a

champion of ethical Behavior as

Switzerland may not be as innocent as

you think take a look at these paintings

for an example this painting is called

the bathroom and rocks by Paul cesan and

this is the Sultan by eduard Manet this

third one is known as improvisation

number 10 by vasili Kandinsky what do

these have in common well all three were

found quite recently in Switzerland in

fact they were looted by wartime Germany

Affiliated art dealers at the start of

World War II and hidden in the country

starting in 1937 German forces began to

collect artwork from communities they

persecuted under the pretense that they

represented degenerative art then hiding

them safely behind Swiss borders the

plan was to eventually organize a

massive public auction in Switzerland at

the end of the war despite these Shady

happenings you probably know that

Switzerland and World War II era Germany

were not Allied in any way after all

Switzerland has famously been neutral

for centuries the Swiss even made plans

to defend themselves from a German

invasion and at one point they

preemptively downed 11 German aircraft

hovering over their border during the

conflict there they also maintained

diplomatic and Commercial relations with

the Allies on paper Switzerland's

reputation for neutrality is

indisputable in fact they haven't

entered a single International conflict

since 1815 and radical neutrality has

been their official policy since 1907.

the Swiss are not part of NATO or any

other military Alliance are not a member

of the EU and only joined the United

Nations in 2002 making them the last

country in the wild to join until South

Sudan became its own country in 2011.

even now after Switzerland joined in

Western sanctions against Russia for

invading Ukraine the official Swiss

government websites whereas the

neutrality has not been broken stating

Switzerland's adoption of the EU

sanctions does not alter its nationality

in any way it does not favor any warring

party militarily see Switzerland Prides

itself on being one of the most neutral

countries in the world and being a safe

haven for peace Switzerland cannot by

law sell weapons to countries in ongoing

conflicts or allow foreign militaries

the right to use Swiss soil or Aerospace

the Swiss Parliament recently voted a

resolution preventing the country from

imposing International sanctions on its

own or even joining sanctions imposed by

other countries that means it can only

bandwagon sanctions negotiated by

International organizations such as the

UN or the EU but while Switzerland

claims its neutrality is at the service

of peace and prosperity and inspired by

humanitarian and pacifist ideals they

may not always be as innocent as you

might think if you look closely at the

facts cracks start to appear which

reveal another truth neutrality always

comes at a price before the war in

Ukraine Swiss gold Imports averaged 20

tons per year in 2023 that shot up to 30

8 tons so what explains that massive

Spike an investigation by Swiss public

broadcaster srf and newspaper wo said

revealed how the country continues to

import gold coming from Russia it's more

complicated than Switzerland simply

importing Russian gold under the table

though as it turns out that the UK is

complicit in this game too you see

before 2019 Russia lifted taxes on gold

transactions to encourage massive

exports toward the UK we now know that

this was in preparation for a war to

finance future military expenses and

replenish their Central bank's foreign

currency reserves in anticipation of

international sanctions today

Switzerland is absorbing this gold

buying it completely legally and sending

it to Swiss refineries to remelt it but

why remelt it you may ask well remelted

gold bars lose their seals of

traceability and are re-stamped with

Swiss seals by doing so immense amounts

of ethically problematic gold are

effectively laundered yet gold bars

aren't the only way the country is

profiting from Russia's current

situation despite Switzerland's public

missers to seize the assets of oligarchs

many seem to find ways to sneak in and

hide their belongings from the eu's more

restrictive sanctions Russian

billionaires like Victor wexlenberg

Andrei marichenko Roman Abramovich

Dimitri pimpiansky and even Putin's

alleged lover Alina kabeva have been

living in Switzerland and have set up

their businesses over the years it might

shock you to learn that the Russian

oligarchs targeted by Western sanctions

are living comfortably in Switzerland

thanks to so-called Swiss golden Visas

so how is this possible well Switzerland

is one of those countries where you can

obtain residency or even citizenship by

living and working in the country or by

investment all any non-eu citizen with a

clean criminal record needs to do is pay

a lump tax ranging from 200 to 600 000

Swiss Francs equal to around 230 to 690

000 to gain citizenship and prove they

don't needs of work to stay financially

afloat of course this is hardly an

option for the average Joe but it's a

very easy legal Gateway for Russian

oligarchs to sneak into the West while

enjoying the full protection of Swiss

law the result is that Switzerland hosts

at least 85 Russian billionaires through

the golden Visa programs and while other

European countries have offered golden

visas the Swiss government appears to

lag behind when it comes to restricting

the program at least for Russian

citizens the main reason is that

immigration policies are not controlled

by the central government in Switzerland

instead each of the 26 Swiss continues

has a different immigration policy in

place only sharing broad guidelines on a

national level and the reason the

central government can't step in and

expel all oligarchs is that the Swiss

Constitution guarantees the independence

of each Canton so it's illegal for them

to do so all in all of the 150 billion

Swiss Francs circulating into the Swiss

banking system from Russian assets

before the war it is estimated that 46

billion Swiss Francs still remain in

circulation this figure includes all the

assets held by Russian people in real

estate or industrial activities and

stock Investments

so while Ukrainian cities are showered

in Russian bombs Switzerland Harbor's

Russia's ruining class and may legally

profit from Putin's pre-war gold sale

but this brings the question are they

really doing anything wrong at least

from their perspective after all they

are a neutral country they don't get

involved in other countries business

from a Swiss perspective there is

nothing wrong with making the best of a

conflict where you're not a participant

and in this period there is a historical

precedent to training with both sides of

a conflict without getting involved

during World War II Switzerland became

richer while the rest of the continent

experienced massive destruction and

suffering as a neutral country the Swiss

soon found themselves surrounded by Axis

powers like wartime Italy and Germany

and occupied France as the war continued

Switzerland slowly increased trading

with the axes exports to Germany

especially of raw materials electric

energy machinery and vehicles

skyrocketed at the height of the war

raging a grand total of 1.1 1 billion

Swiss Francs in 1942 at the same time

Switzerland continued to maintain good

relations with allies sitting on the

fence of this massive conflict some

might say Switzerland was cornered by

the axes and merely chose between

collaboration and Invasion which is

probably true but it's also no secret

that the Swiss economy profited from

this thorny situation and its government

ability to maintain ambiguity throughout

the war the Swiss National Bank bought

tons of gold from wartime Germany

effectively pumping funds into the

German war machine in today's money it

is estimated that Switzerland bought 1.7

billion US dollars of German gold which

if you recall is less than a third of

the value of gold indirectly acquired

from Russia Today this helped replenish

German gold reserves and allowed the

Swiss franc to become the only freely

exchangeable major currency throughout

the war in turn the Swiss currency and

the collaboration of Swiss financial

institutions may have allowed big

companies on the Allies side to buy has

sanctions on the axis allowing further

trade lesions with Germany and Italy I

should dig deeper into the conduct of

Swiss banks you find extensive use of

the country's Infamous banking secrecy

laws which were strengthened in the

1930s and only abolished in 2014. much

of the gold acquired from the German bad

guys and the cash flowing into Swiss

banks were later found to come from

conqueror territories wealth confiscated

from families or even the coins and

jewelry taken from concentration camp

victims claiming the unprovability of

the Gold's origin Swiss banks refused to

return the majority of the gold to the

Allies after the war only seeding 12

percent of the total accumulated wealth

in the 1946 Washington agreement what's

different today is that the Swiss are

not continuing to buy gold from Russia

they are merely purchasing pre-war

Russian gold from the UK one might say

that it was English money that

effectively financed the war in Ukraine

while Switzerland is just profiting from

it by repaying the UK on the other hand

the thought of a Nation thriving off

other countries troubles understandably

makes some heads Shake while the

controversial role that Swiss

institutions played in World War II is

much debated Switzerland's price

neutrality has had a few notable and

problematic exceptions over the years in

2005 researchers discovered that despite

officially condemning the racist

apartheid regime from 1963 to 1968 trade

between Swiss and South African

companies continued until the end of the

Cold War but it gets much much worse

than that starting in the 70s the Swiss

effectively exported highly sensitive

technology to the apartheid regime that

actively supported the construction of

its six nuclear bombs in deals

officially struck by private companies

but actually backed by the Swiss secret

services today secret missions hiding

behind the unsuspecting mask of Swiss

companies appeared to still be active

tactics of the Swiss intelligence

service in 2018 crypto AG a

Communications encryption firm low

located in the heart of Switzerland

appears to have sold the coding

equipment to countries including Iran

India and Pakistan with modifications to

allow the CIA and German secret services

to break the encrypted Communications of

these Target States

but one of the most controversial parts

of Swiss nationality is weapon exports

thanks to a single rule Switzerland can

make their neutral diplomatic stunts

suddenly more flexible you see according

to the Swiss neutrality policy

Switzerland is allowed to sell arms and

military vehicles to any country provide

the country is not involved in any open

conflicts this also includes a

Prohibition on selling weapons to

countries that intend to re-export them

to Warring States for instance while

Switzerland has officially endorsed

virtually all the sanctions imposed by

the West on Russia for the invasion of

Ukraine the Swiss government refuses to

send weapons to Ukraine directly or even

sell weapons to any country intending to

later send them to Ukraine despite this

formal rigidity in practice the Swiss

are quite capable of finding ways to

deliver weapons wherever they want to

while the Swiss Parliament vetoed a

proposed exception to the neutrality

policy last year that would have allowed

Germany to re-export Swiss ammunitions

and battle tanks to Ukraine the

government easily got around this by

selling 25 if there per tanks to Germany

to officially substitute those

previously sent to Ukraine this

fractures once more how Switzerland can

cherry-pick the application of its

neutrality policy which some people

might see as problematic just recently

in 2015 Switzerland effectively sold

spare parts of air defense systems

fighter jets and battle tanks to Saudi

Arabia Egypt Bahrain and the UAE that is

despite the fact that they were all

involved in the war in Yemen a conflict

that at the time had been going on for

four years already with no sign of

relief while technically not active

weapons these sales could still account

as effective support to an ongoing

International conflict in the same way

in 2003 Switzerland allowed U.S military

forces to enter Swiss Aerospace

officially for humanitarian and medical

flights but also it seems to facilitate

surveillance missions over Iraq in

preparation for the upcoming invasion of

the country all in all this covert

activity means good business to put

things into perspective in 2020 Swiss

company is exported around

965 million dollars worth of military

goods making Switzerland the seventh

largest exporter of weapons in the wild

this means that Switzerland made up 0.7

percent of all International military

trade which is quite impressive for a

country of just 9 million inhabitants

once you consider that the first five

exporters represented 62 percent of the

total not to mention the fact that the

Swiss have refused to fight anymore

themselves for over 200 years All Things

Considered Switzerland is pretty unique

in its ability to build such a

distinctive diplomatic character and

uphold its neutrality throughout all the

wars of the modern era this is

guaranteed peace and prosperity for the

Swiss and indeed allowed the country to

become a safe haven for war refugees

around Europe and quite often an

effective International Arbiter to

Foster World Peace but neutrality comes

at a price that can sometimes be

ethically controversial so what do you

think of all this leave a comment down

below but that's it for this video

thanks for watching and I'll see you in

the next one