The Rise of JNPT: India's Largest Container Port.
Summary
TLDR印度最大的集装箱港口是孟买的贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港信托,每年处理780万吨货物,通过60万箱。这个8400英亩的港口也被称为纳瓦什·希瓦港,建于1989年,旨在减轻孟买港的压力。视频回顾了孟买港的历史,从16世纪葡萄牙人的到来,到成为商业中心,再到二战期间的战略重要性。介绍了贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港如何成为印度首个集装箱港口,以及其对国际贸易的贡献,包括与邻国的海运协议和未来的扩展计划。
Takeaways
- 🌟 印度最大的集装箱港口是孟买的贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港信托,每年处理780万吨货物,通过600万箱。
- 🏗️ 该港口也被称为纳瓦什瓦港,成立于1989年,旨在减轻孟买港的压力。
- 📜 孟买在16世纪初由葡萄牙人首次定居,最初并未建立大型港口,直到1661年英国通过婚姻协议获得部分岛屿。
- 🛠️ 1875年,孟买港信托的主席Ballot建立了Ballot Pier,这是孟买成为主要港口的关键发展之一。
- 🚢 第一次世界大战期间,孟买港对战争策略至关重要,用于运送战争物资。
- 💥 1944年4月14日,维多利亚码头发生了一起重大爆炸,造成重大损失和800多人死亡。
- 📈 1950年独立后,孟买港继续扩展,包括建立新的油码头和集装箱设施。
- 🚢 孟买港面临的问题包括航道缓慢、道路拥堵和劳工问题,这促使政府在80年代早期决定建立新的港口。
- 📊 贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港信托目前处理52%的印度集装箱货物,是世界上排名第28位的集装箱港口。
- 🔄 港口正在进行进一步扩展,预计2026年3月将启动第四期码头,届时整个港口的年处理能力将增加到480万TEU。
- 🛳️ 印度港口每年处理2626亿吨货物,其中1601亿吨由主要港口处理,其余由较小港口处理。
Q & A
印度最大的集装箱港口是哪个?
-印度最大的集装箱港口是位于孟买的贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港信托(Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust),也被称为纳瓦什瓦(Navash Shiva)港。
纳瓦什瓦港每年处理多少货物?
-纳瓦什瓦港每年处理大约7800万吨货物。
纳瓦什瓦港是在什么背景下建立的?
-纳瓦什瓦港是在1989年建立的,目的是减轻孟买港信托的负担,并提高货物和集装箱的运输能力。
为什么孟买在早期没有建立大型港口?
-在16世纪早期,由于贸易活动不多,葡萄牙人没有认为有必要在孟买建立大型港口。
孟买是如何从一个由七个岛屿组成的地区发展成为一个大城市的?
-从1684年开始,人们开始将这些岛屿连接起来,到1838年,这些岛屿最终被连接起来,形成了孟买这个城市。
二战期间,孟买港的重要性体现在哪些方面?
-在二战期间,孟买港的重要性体现在它是战争策略的关键部分,用于运输武器、弹药和其他必需品,并且其地理位置在亚太战区也非常重要。
1944年维多利亚码头发生的大爆炸是如何引起的?
-1944年4月14日,维多利亚码头发生了一起大爆炸,原因是在卸载过程中发生了事故,导致船上的炸药起火并引发爆炸。
纳瓦什瓦港的建设资金主要来自哪里?
-纳瓦什瓦港的建设资金主要来自世界银行、印度政府、坎德拉港和金奈港的贷款。
纳瓦什瓦港目前在全球集装箱港口中的排名是多少?
-纳瓦什瓦港在全球集装箱港口中排名第28位。
纳瓦什瓦港如何促进与邻国的海上贸易?
-纳瓦什瓦港通过与孟加拉国、缅甸、尼泊尔和不丹签署条约,加强海上航线,减少旅行时间,使偏远地区更容易到达。
为什么说集装箱运输是20世纪的主要运输革命之一?
-集装箱运输被认为是20世纪的主要运输革命之一,因为它通过标准化的集装箱节省了大量的时间和成本,货物只需打包一次,就可以通过不同的运输方式进行运输,减少了港口费用和损坏成本。
Outlines
🌊 孟买贾瓦哈拉尔尼赫鲁港的发展历程
孟买的贾瓦哈拉尔尼赫鲁港是印度最大的集装箱港口,每年处理780万吨货物和60万箱集装箱。该港口也被称为纳瓦什瓦港,建于1989年,目的是减轻孟买港的压力。视频回顾了孟买港的历史,从16世纪葡萄牙人首次来到孟买,到后来英国人接管并逐步将其建设为重要的贸易中心。第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间,港口的重要性显著增加,成为战略物资运输的关键点。1944年,维多利亚码头发生了一起严重的爆炸事故,造成重大损失。战后,港口继续扩建,增加了新的设施以适应不断增长的集装箱运输需求。
🛳️ 贾瓦哈拉尔尼赫鲁港面临的挑战与新港建设
随着货物和集装箱运输的增长,孟买港面临了诸多挑战,包括航道拥堵、道路和铁路交通问题以及劳动力问题。为了解决这些问题,1980年代初,政府决定在纳瓦萨建立一个新的港口,以减轻孟买港的负担。纳瓦萨原本只是一个小渔村,但由于其地理位置优越,被选为新港口的建设地点。新港口的建设始于1986年,耗资约1000亿卢比,其中大部分资金来自世界银行和印度政府的贷款。到1989年,新港口的第一阶段已经建成,包括集装箱码头和现代化的货物处理设施。随后几年,第二阶段的私人码头和液体货物码头也相继开放,进一步增强了港口的运输能力。
🚢 集装箱运输的革命与现代港口的挑战
集装箱运输是20世纪最重要的运输革命之一,它极大地提高了货物运输的效率,减少了时间和成本。1960年在美国首次使用集装箱,随后在70年代,欧洲和日本也开始接受这种运输方式。如今,集装箱已经成为港口运输不可或缺的一部分,需要特殊的火车、存储空间和铁路线来支持。然而,随着船只尺寸的增加,港口也面临着新的挑战,如需要更大的码头和更深的航道来适应超大型油轮。此外,还存在走私和海盗威胁,印度当局在主要港口多次查获毒品,而国际组织则定期巡逻以保护航运安全。视频还提到了印度海军在阿拉伯海部署的军舰和无人机,以监控和保护该地区免受海盗威胁。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港
💡集装箱
💡20英尺等效单位(TEU)
💡港口发展
💡孟买
💡货物吞吐量
💡集装箱化
💡Merchant Navy
💡国际贸易
💡走私和毒品交易
💡海盗行为
Highlights
印度最大的集装箱港口是孟买的贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港信托,每年通过600万箱货物,年吞吐量达7800万吨。
尼赫鲁港也被称为纳瓦什瓦港,成立于1989年,旨在减轻孟买港的负担。
孟买港的历史可追溯至16世纪初葡萄牙人的到来和贸易需求的增长。
1530年,葡萄牙通过与莫卧儿帝国皇帝胡马雍签订条约获得该地区的控制权。
1661年,葡萄牙的凯瑟琳·布拉甘萨女王与英格兰的查理二世结婚,部分岛屿转交给英国。
1684年开始,孟买的七个岛屿通过填海造陆逐渐连接起来。
1875年,孟买港信托的主席鲍洛特开始建造以他命名的码头。
1888年,维多利亚码头开放,成为孟买的首个现代化码头设施。
两次世界大战期间,孟买港的航运业务显著增长,成为战争策略的关键。
1944年4月14日,维多利亚码头发生巨大爆炸,造成重大损失和800多人死亡。
1950年独立后,孟买港增加了新的设施以适应不断增长的货物和集装箱化需求。
1980年,孟买港更新设施以处理集装箱交通,包括集装箱处理设备和货运站。
1989年,尼赫鲁港第一阶段建设完成,具备集装箱码头和现代化货物处理设施。
尼赫鲁港是印度第一个集装箱港口,位于纳瓦萨,靠近孟买和新孟买。
尼赫鲁港的建设和运营成本约为1000亿卢比,其中大部分资金来自贷款。
尼赫鲁港目前处理印度52%的集装箱货物,是全球前100大集装箱港口之一。
尼赫鲁港与孟加拉国、缅甸、尼泊尔和不丹签署条约,以促进海上航线,减少旅行时间。
尼赫鲁港正在进行进一步扩建,预计2026年3月将启动第四阶段码头,增加港口年吞吐量。
尼赫鲁港正在准备在马哈拉施特拉邦北部的瓦丹建设新港口,并发展四个卫星港口。
海员的工作包括将船只从一个地点运输到另一个地点,涉及石油或人员运输。
集装箱运输被认为是20世纪的主要运输革命之一,节省了大量时间和成本。
1960年,集装箱在美国首次使用,随后在70年代早期,欧洲和日本也开始接受集装箱。
现代集装箱船的大小大大增加,例如世界上最大的集装箱船MSC,长400米,宽61米。
印度当局在主要港口多次查获毒品,走私者使用假文件和假隔间来隐藏非法物品。
海盗威胁在国际贸易中非常大,尤其是在印度船只经常航行的海域。
Transcripts
[Music]
India's largest container Port is
mumbai's jawaharlal nehu Port trust
where 60 lakh containers pass through it
moves 78 million tons of cargo every
year this 8,400 acre Port is also known
as navash Shiva Port it was established
in 1989 it was built to reduce the
burden on Mumbai Port
trust to know how jmpt became so big
today we will have to go back a few
years this was even before the
establishment of Mumbai when this city
was not rather it was divided into seven
islands the Portuguese came here for the
first time in the early 1500s and
gradually started settling during this
time they started needing to increase
trade to fulfill the basic needs of
their soldiers they established areas
like mahim parel and ble the Portuguese
got proper control of this region by
signing a treaty with the mugal emperor
humayun in
1530 due to the lack of much trade
activities in the early 1600s they did
not consider it necessary to build any
major port mostly the port of
Surat in 1661 Queen Katherine of branza
of Portugal was married to Charles II of
England in the deal of this marriage
some of the islands which were under
Portuguese control had to be given to
the British
Empire understanding the trade value and
due to geographical location work
started to make Mumbai a major city in
which a lot of land was also reclaimed
from the sea from 1684 the work of
connecting these seven islands started
by 1691 mgan and Bombay Mainland land
was reclaimed between 1711 and parl was
connected to mahim and the next year
mahim was connected to Worley now
connecting worle to the rest of the
parts became a big challenge due to a
large sea coming in between Kaba was
also left after 120 years till
1838 parts were connected and this is
how Bombay became a
city 1875 a ballot was awarded to the
person who also became the chairman of
Bombay Port trust later he worked to
build a pier which was named after him
ballot Pier was earlier a small Pier
with an approach Jetty due to which
Bombay started emerging as a major port
it became a hub of business activities
not only for Bombay but for the entire
country 15 years later in 1888 Victoria
dock was opened which became Bombay's
first modern dock Facility by the early
1900s Bombay's shipping operations
increased
[Music]
significantly its use increased
significantly during both world wars
during World War I ships also began to
be repaired and refueled so that they
could this port was very important for
the war strategy so that war supplies
could be sent to the world and its
location also proved to be important
even during the World War for the Asia
Pacific Theater ships here were used to
transport weapons ammunition and other
essential supplies security measures and
defenses were strengthened to protect
the port from enemy attack
a huge explosion took place in the
warship SS fort stien in Victoria dock
on the 14th of April
1944 explosives were being shipped in it
which met with an accident while
unloading a huge fire broke out and a
massive explosion was seen causing a lot
of damage to the ships ports and people
stuck in the ports it was completely
destroyed and 13 more ships were
destroyed along with it more than 800
people were killed according according
to many
estimates this figure is more than 1,300
and 2500 people were
[Music]
injured refurbishment of the port and
peer work continued for years until
after Independence in 1950 the marine
oil terminal at butcher Island was made
operational with three Jetties that
could handle large crude oil and all
product tankers as well as an extension
to ballot
pier in 1970 containerization for
Pacific cific luxury cruises increased
with the addition of a new passenger
birth the first container vessel arrived
at Mumbai Port American president L's
second such Port facility was updated to
handle container traffic in 1980 which
included containers handling equipment
was placed container Freight stations
were built and railway lines were
connected that could transport
containers from ports to inner
cities by 1984 another oil birth was
constructed which could rece received
tankers of
125,000 displacement per
tank during this period Mumbai Port had
to face many problems such as slowness
in the channel Road congestion rail
traffic congestion and labor issues
which created a need for a new
Port jnpt entered here to reduce the
burden a bit in view of the increasing
cargo and containerization the
authorities decided in the early 1980s
to increase its capacity that is
improving sea and land transport
facilities like new births railway lines
truck lanes and storage
facilities Bombay Port trust despite
being the leading port at that time was
not ready for this so the government
chose navaa to build a new Port it
became India's first container
port at that time navasa was just a
fishing Village and due to its proximity
to both Mumbai and Navi Mumbai it became
a suitable
place it was to be built in an area of
6,385 Acres there was no major challenge
in land acquisition so this work was
done easily piling work of this port
started in 1986 after which construction
began it took approximately 1,000 CR
Rupees to build it out of which 957 CR
rupees were received as loans from
different agencies 343 CR rupes from the
world Bank 328 CR rupees from the
government of India and 50 CR rupees
from kandla Port and Chennai
Port by 1989 Phase 1 of the port was
ready with a Container Terminal and
modern cargo handling facility it had a
capacity of 15 lock
[Music]
teus in the next few years its second
phase private terminal and liquid cargo
terminal also opened from the liquid
terminal India's biggest Commodities
refined petroleum and crude oil keep
coming and going due to which bhat
petroleum and Indian oil
operate the size of the ships is
continuously increasing so to
accommodate them there is a need to do
regular updates in the port like
terminals also increasing the size and
depth of the canal and improving storage
and
Logistics boskalis international company
deepened and broadened the canal in 2012
and also became the fourth Container
Terminal in
2018 this year 78 million tons of cargo
have been transported from here last
year a total of 58.3 lakh tons of cargo
was handled up by 3% from the previous
year containers used to transport cargo
are called 20ft equivalent units or
teus a unit has been created which is
used to calculate the cargo the volume
of a standard 20ft long shipping
container is called a
teu Indian ports handle
2,626 CR metric tons of cargo every year
out of which 1,601 CR metric tons are
handled by Major ports and the remaining
1,1 CR metric tons are handled by other
minor
ports the total value of foreign trade
in 2021 to 2022 was 3.5 lakh CR rupees
for exports and an equal amount for
imports including all ports about 95% of
the volume comes from Seaborn trade and
the total 70% value is handled by India
under the neighborhood first policy jmpt
has signed treaties with Bangladesh
Myanmar Nepal and Bhutan to boost sea
routes reduce travel time and make it
easier to reach even the remote States
jmpt single-handedly handles 52% of the
country's container ized cargo volume it
is ranked 28th among the world's top 100
container ports and is connected to more
than 200 ports across the
world it is being further expanded for
the future phase two of terminal 4 is
expected to start by March 2026 which
will be combined
annually the capacity of the entire Port
will increase to 48 lakh Tu jnpt is also
preparing to build another port in vadan
in Northern Maharashtra and is also
developing four satellite ports at
vardha sangi and nashik to further
increase trade in the
country to operate the ships that come
to the ports a crew of some people work
day and night whose top officers are
called Merchant Navy their job is to
take the ships from one place to another
in which the cargo can be petroleum or
people like in cruise ships they are
called sellers or Merchant Navy
officers many people like to work in the
Merchant Navy because they get a chance
to see different countries and meet new
people it is quite different from a
normal job and it is also fun they are
given special training from running the
ships to surviving in the ocean because
they have to stay in the sea for several
months apart from this how to transport
the cargo safely how to do loading and
unloading all that too it is taught that
in this the shipping containers are very
heavy and since they have come from
international travel there is a special
need for them processes have to be
followed which mostly falls on the Port
Authority first of all the shipping
documents are prepared in which dates
cargo list name of the Importer exporter
and other details are mentioned then the
containers are visually inspected by the
port officers to verify that after this
equipment such as cranes forklift s or
any other lifting machines are used
while unloading the crane first removes
the containers from the ship and places
them on the truck either specialized
Logistics systems are also used to
organize thousands of containers for
onward transport or to a storage
facility almost every port has a
temporary storage area where containers
are stored for a few hours or days after
which its further Journey can start till
its final destination or after opening
it the goods can be transported
separately for this safety procedures
are first completed and then the
container is opened and unloaded from
the public lift during this time the
custom office also does random checks so
that no illegal stuff
comes although nowadays we cannot
imagine shipping without containers it
was not always like this containers were
used for the first time in 1960 in the
USA earlier each cargo pallet or box was
loaded and unloaded one by one which
wasted a lot of time on the ships seeing
the advantage of containers at ports in
the early 1970s Europe and Japan also
started accepting it and gradually this
method became quite popular now
containers have become much bigger than
before and it has become necessary to
have special train storage space and
railway lines in the ports to lift them
many experts consider container shipping
as a major transport revolution of the
20th century they also believe that the
use of standardized containers saves
huge losses and time Goods can be packed
only once and can be transported through
different modes of Transport like trucks
Rail and ship there is no need for
repeated unpacking and repacking this
also reduces Port charges and demage
costs traditional cargo ships that
unload their cargo the old way have to
spend more than half or in many cases
70% of the time in ports loading and
unloading nowadays the size of ships has
also increased a lot today MSC is the
largest container ship in the world it
is 400 m long and 61 M wide it is bigger
than many skyscrapers and can easily
carry 24,000 Tu at one time similar
super tankers have also been made which
transport oil in huge amounts these
reduce the overall ton shipping cost
which is why they are being made cruise
liners have also become quite popular
these days where people people can
celebrate luxury holidays by traveling
between different
locations there have also been
allegations of smuggling and Drug trade
in cargo ships Indian authorities have
recovered drugs in multiple cases this
was the country's biggest drug bust last
year from these major ports in one such
Port it was seen that to hide these
illegal substances false compartments
are made in the containers and these
Smugglers try to clear the shipping by
using fake documents
apart from smuggling the threat of sea
piracy is also very big in international
trade especially for Indian cruise ships
which form the sea crew on about 11
ships around the world currently more
than a luck Indian workers are working
on different ships around the world some
of them are unskilled workers and some
are highly skilled Merchant Navy
officers earlier piracy used to be seen
more in the Seas near Somalia now it has
reduced there but has increased near
Yemen
International organizations regularly
Patrol this region to protect it from
piracy in the Arabian Sea to monitor
this area spread over a million square
kilometers the Indian Navy has also
deployed more than 12 warships long
range survey planes and
drones you can buy them from the link
given on the screen through which you
will also be able to directly support
the channel a printed chart of Indian
history is also on sale check it out out
click here to know about the bullet
train on the website thank you
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