SEL 3 (Transport Zat Melalui Membran Sel)
Summary
TLDRThis educational Indonesian biology lesson delves into the intricate mechanisms of cellular transport across the plasma membrane. It explains the vital role of transport in maintaining life, including the exchange of nutrients, gases, and ions, and the removal of metabolic waste. The lesson distinguishes between passive transport, facilitated by concentration gradients, and active transport, which requires energy. It also covers osmosis, ion pumps, cotransport, and the cellular processes of exocytosis and endocytosis, providing a comprehensive overview of how cells manage their internal and external environments.
Takeaways
- 😀 The lesson is focused on the biological concept of cell membranes, specifically the third part about transport mechanisms through the plasma membrane.
- 🔬 The main purpose of transport through the plasma membrane is to bring in nutrients and facilitate the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as to regulate the concentration of ions and waste products of metabolism.
- 🌟 There are two types of transport across the plasma membrane: passive and active transport. Passive transport does not require energy and occurs due to concentration differences.
- 💧 Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion through specific protein channels, and osmosis, which is the movement of water from a lower to a higher solute concentration.
- 🔋 Active transport, on the other hand, moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy in the form of ATP. It includes processes like the sodium-potassium pump and co-transport.
- 🚰 Osmosis is a type of passive transport that specifically refers to the movement of solvent molecules, such as water, across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration.
- 🔄 The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport that exchanges sodium ions out of the cell for potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the ionic balance necessary for cellular function.
- 🔄 Co-transport is a form of active transport where the movement of one substance is coupled with the movement of another, often requiring the same energy source, such as ATP.
- 📦 Exocytosis and endocytosis are processes where large particles or molecules are transported across the plasma membrane through vesicles, involving the fusion or invagination of the membrane.
- 🔬 Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a specific type of endocytosis where specific molecules bind to receptors on the cell surface, leading to the formation of vesicles that transport these molecules into the cell.
- 🌱 The lesson concludes with a transition to the next topic, which will be about plant tissues, indicating a continuation of the biological study in subsequent lessons.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the biology lesson discussed in the script?
-The main topic of the biology lesson is the study of cells, specifically focusing on the third part about the mechanisms of transport through the plasma membrane.
Why is transport through the plasma membrane essential for living organisms?
-Transport through the plasma membrane is essential as it allows for the entry of nutrients and the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as the regulation of ion concentrations and the removal of metabolic waste, thus maintaining the cell's functionality and stability.
What are the two main types of transport mechanisms through the plasma membrane mentioned in the script?
-The two main types of transport mechanisms through the plasma membrane are passive transport and active transport.
Can you explain what is meant by passive transport in the context of the script?
-Passive transport refers to the movement of substances across the plasma membrane without the use of energy, occurring due to a concentration gradient. It includes processes like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
What is diffusion and how does it relate to the script's discussion on passive transport?
-Diffusion is the process where molecules, particles, ions, or gases move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. In the script, it is mentioned as part of passive transport, with examples such as the spreading of perfume in a room.
What is facilitated diffusion and how does it differ from simple diffusion?
-Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of large molecules through specific protein channels or transport proteins in the plasma membrane. Unlike simple diffusion, it aids the movement of larger molecules that cannot directly pass through the membrane.
What is osmosis and why is it considered a type of diffusion?
-Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules, typically water, from an area of lower solute concentration (hypotonic) to an area of higher solute concentration (hypertonic) across a semipermeable membrane. It is considered a type of diffusion because it involves the movement from a region of higher solvent concentration to one of lower concentration.
What is active transport and how does it differ from passive transport?
-Active transport is the movement of substances across the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient, from a lower to a higher concentration, and it requires energy in the form of ATP. Unlike passive transport, active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy.
Can you give an example of active transport mentioned in the script?
-An example of active transport mentioned in the script is the sodium-potassium pump, which uses ATP to exchange sodium ions out of the cell for potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the ion concentration differences across the plasma membrane.
What are the other types of active transport mentioned in the script besides the sodium-potassium pump?
-Besides the sodium-potassium pump, the script also mentions cotransport (or secondary active transport) and antiport as types of active transport, where two different substances are moved across the membrane simultaneously, often with one being transported against its concentration gradient.
What are exocytosis and endocytosis, and how do they relate to the script's discussion on active transport of large molecules?
-Exocytosis and endocytosis are processes of active transport of large molecules or particles. Exocytosis involves vesicles containing macromolecules fusing with the plasma membrane to expel substances outside the cell, while endocytosis involves the cell engulfing large molecules through the plasma membrane, such as during phagocytosis or pinocytosis.
Outlines
🌿 Introduction to Cell Biology and Membrane Transport
The script begins with a greeting and an introduction to a biology lesson focusing on cells, specifically the third part of the cell lesson. It delves into the mechanisms of transport through the plasma membrane, which is crucial for the life processes of organisms. The plasma membrane acts as a gateway for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products. The lesson explains the importance of maintaining the concentration of organic ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, and the role of the membrane in regulating pH and waste removal. Two types of transport are discussed: passive transport, which does not require energy and occurs due to concentration differences, and active transport, which moves substances against the concentration gradient and requires energy.
🔄 Passive and Facilitated Diffusion Explained
This paragraph elaborates on passive transport, which includes processes like diffusion, where substances move from high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. An example of everyday diffusion is the spreading of perfume scent in a room. The script also covers facilitated diffusion, which is aided by specific proteins to form channels or transport proteins, allowing larger molecules to enter or exit the cell. Osmosis is introduced as the movement of water from a hypotonic solution (low solute concentration) to a hypertonic solution (high solute concentration) through a selectively permeable membrane, exemplified by the dilution of syrup in water.
🔌 Active Transport and its Mechanisms
The script explains active transport as the movement of substances against the concentration gradient, from low to high concentration, which requires energy in the form of ATP. It discusses various types of active transport, including ion pumps that exchange ions across the cell membrane using ATP as an energy source, such as the sodium-potassium pump. Cotransport, where the movement of one substance triggers the movement of another, is also covered, with examples like the proton pump that facilitates sucrose transport in plant cells. The paragraph concludes with an explanation of antiport, where one substance is transported into the cell while another is transported out.
🚀 Advanced Cellular Transport: Endocytosis and Exocytosis
This section delves into more complex forms of active transport, namely endocytosis and exocytosis. Endocytosis involves the cell membrane engulfing large molecules or fluids, allowing them to enter the cell, and includes processes like phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Phagocytosis is the act of a cell engulfing solid particles, while pinocytosis involves the cell 'drinking' fluids. Exocytosis is the process by which vesicles containing macromolecules from the Golgi body fuse with the plasma membrane to expel products outside the cell, such as hormones or enzymes. The paragraph also touches on the role of receptors on the cell membrane in signal transduction and the formation of vesicles.
🎉 Conclusion and Upcoming Lessons
The final paragraph serves as a conclusion to the lesson on cell biology, summarizing the key points covered and expressing gratitude for the audience's attention. It hints at the continuation of the subject matter in the next lesson, which will focus on plant tissues. The script ends with a note of thanks and an invitation to continue learning, possibly with a reference to the next topic or a general sign-off.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Biology
💡Cell Membrane
💡Transport Mechanisms
💡Passive Transport
💡Diffusion
💡Osmosis
💡Active Transport
💡Ion Pumps
💡Cotransport
💡Endocytosis
💡Exocytosis
Highlights
The lesson focuses on the third part of cell biology, specifically the transport mechanisms through the plasma membrane.
Cells interact with their environment and each other to sustain life, necessitating transport processes through the membrane.
The plasma membrane acts as a gateway for the entry and exit of substances, facilitating cell function.
Transport mechanisms include the intake of nutrients and the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Ion concentration regulation is crucial for maintaining the cell's internal environment, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride.
Waste products of metabolism and maintaining pH stability are part of the cell's transport functions.
There are two types of transport through the plasma membrane: passive and active transport.
Passive transport does not require energy and occurs due to concentration differences.
Diffusion is a type of passive transport where substances move from high to low concentration.
Facilitated diffusion involves specific proteins that assist in the transport of larger molecules, such as glucose and amino acids.
Osmosis is the movement of water from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP.
Ion pumps, such as sodium-potassium pumps, are an example of active transport requiring ATP.
Cotransport and antiport are types of active transport involving the movement of two different substances across the membrane.
Endocytosis and exocytosis are active transport processes involving large particles or molecules and the folding of the plasma membrane.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a process where specific receptors on the plasma membrane bind to and internalize extracellular substances.
The lesson concludes with a discussion on the practical applications and further exploration of cell transport mechanisms in plant tissues.
Transcripts
di Indonesia semangat pagi buat anak
kami sekalian salam sejahtera pada hari
ini kita kembali berjumpa dalam
pelajaran biologi tepatnya di bagian sel
yang ketiga atau yang terakhir dari
pelajaran sel baik adapun yang kita
bahas pada sel yang ketiga ini khusus
mempelajari bagaimana mekanisme transpor
melalui membran plasma oke nah ya atau
sekarang kita perhatikan penjelasan
berikut nah perhatikanlah mekanisme
transpor melalui membran plasma kita
tahu bahwa makhluk hidup terdiri dari
banyak sel-sel akan berinteraksi dengan
selain bahkan berinteraksi dengan
lingkungannya untuk kelangsungan
hidupnya maka perlu melakukan proses
transpor melalui membran karena membran
merupakan pintu masuk maupun keluar
Ajat nah Bagaimanakah tujuannya
tujuannya adalah memasukkan nutrien
berupa gula asam amino dan lain yang
dibutuhkan juga tempat pertukaran
oksigen CO2 melalui proses respirasi
mengatur konsentrasi ion Pan organik
dalam sel seperti natrium kalium kalsium
dan kloroform lalu membuang sisa
metabolisme seperti racun menjaga
kestabilan pH dan menjaga konsentrasi
jam untuk kerjaan transportasi zat
melalui membran plasma ada dua macam
yang pertama transportasi pasif yaitu
transportasi pasif ia melalui membran
tidak membutuhkan energi transportasi
pasif ini terjadi karena ada perbedaan
konsentrasi antara dalam sel-sel
diluar sel transportasi pasif meliputi
beberapa jenis yang ha adalah difusi
difusi berupa proses pergerakan zat baik
itu molekul partikel ion gas maupun
cairan dari konsentrasi tinggi ke
konsentrasi rendah sehingga terjadi
keseimbangan nah dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari contoh difusi ini seperti
bila kita menyemprotkan parfum maka
ruangan itu akan menjadi harum artinya
terjadi penyebaran zat dari konsentrasi
tinggi ke konsentrasi rendah sehingga
terjadilah keseimbangan dalam ruangan
namun di dalam sel contohnya adalah
pertukaran oksigen dengan co2 setelah
jam makan transportasi pasif perhatikan
ilustrasi gambar berikut
Hai sirup dimasukkan ke dalam air tidak
beberapa lama terjadi penyebaran zat
atau proses difusi terjadi maka terjadi
keseimbangan air dan sirup Nah masih
transportasi pasif yang by difusi
dipermudah difusi dipermudah berupa
transportasi jalan yang dibantu oleh
protein spesifik membentuk saluran
protein dan protein transport nah yang
pertama melalui saluran protein molekul
besar masuk melalui saluran protein
integral seperti glukosa asam amino
kalium natrium dan klor molekul besar
ini Tentunya secara umum karena dia
molekul besar maka tidak bisa secara
langsung masuk ke dalam sel maka
diperlukan suatu
Hai ke saluran protein yang membantu
masuknya zat tersebut yang kedua melalui
protein transpor protein transport
bertindak sebagai alat transpor pada
transportasi pasif dan ini bersifat
secara spesifik terhadap zat dan tempat
pengikatan molekul yang diangkutnya
seperti difusi glukosa dan asam amino
nah perhatikanlah gambar yang di sebelah
kiri adalah difusi dipermudah dengan
saluran protein sedangkan yang sebelah
kanan adalah difusi dipermudah dengan
protein pembawa yang c adalah osmosis
disebut juga difusi air Kenapa disebut
difusi air karena difusi air
menggambarkan pergerakan air dari
konsentrasi tinggi ke konsentrasi rendah
nah osmosis
ini adalah proses bergeraknya pelarut
atau air dari konsentrasi rendah disebut
istilah hipotonik ke konsentrasi tinggi
atau disebut hipertonik coba perhatikan
wadah yang di sebelah kiri tentu ada
perbedaan zat kalau di sebelah kiri
wadah tentunya seperti uh adalah
konsentrasi rendah sedangkan di sebelah
kanan konsentrasi tinggi dibatasi oleh
selaput semipermiabel setelah beberapa
saat terjadi perubahan dimana air dari
konsentrasi rendah bergerak ke
konsentrasi tinggi tampak terlihat
permukaan airnya Mengalami penurunan
sementara yang di konsentrasi tinggi
mengalami kenaikan kadar air itu
Hai yang disebut dengan osmosis
transportasi zat melalui membran yang
kedua adalah transpor aktif transfer
aktif adalah transpor Jan melalui
membran dengan cara melawan gradien
konsentrasi yaitu dari konsentrasi
rendah ke konsentrasi tinggi sehingga
memerlukan energi kimia yang disebut
dengan ADB atau adenosin trifosfat
transportasi aktif ini meliputi yang
a-pop action pompa ion adalah proses
yang melakukan pertukaran ion dari dalam
sel dengan ion diluar sel oleh protein
transport menggunakan sumber energi ATP
contohnya adalah pompa ion natrium dan
kalium Nah sekarang perhatikanlah gambar
berikut
dia menjelaskan transportasi ion secara
pompa ion natrium dan kalium pada
membran sel dilengkapi dengan fosfolipid
bilayer protein integral yang membentuk
saluran protein di dalam membran sel
kandungan natrium dan kalium memiliki
jumlah yang berbeda dibandingkan di luar
sel di dalam sel terdapat kandungan
kalium lebih besar dibandingkan natrium
sedangkan diluar sel justru natrium
lebih besar dibandingkan kalium
transportasi aktifnya dengan cara pompa
ion adalah dengan cara melawan gradien
perhatikanlah bahwa didalam sel
kandungan natrium lebih sedikit
Hai maka akan bergerak ke konsentrasi
yang lebih tinggi atau dengan cara
melawan gradien agar ini bisa terjadi
maka dibutuhkanlah ATP untuk mendorong
natrium keluar dari dalam sel pada saat
keluarnya natrium ke luar sel maka akan
diganti oleh kalium atau kata lain masuk
ke dalam sel melalui protein transport
sehingga kalium akan masuk ke dalam
membrane sel dan selanjutnya
menyumbangkan fosfat untuk menggenapi
HDP yang sudah terurai dari ATP maka
terbentuk kembali ATP dan akan digunakan
dalam proses yang sama demikianlah
transportasi aktif dengan cara pompa ion
natrium dan kalium nah Di manakah contoh
ini terjadi seperti misalnya di sel
nah kemudian pada saluran nefron yaitu
bagian tubulus proksimal dan juga di
lengkung henle Nah sekarang transpor
aktif yang kedua atau yang B yaitu
cotransport kotranspor adalah
transportasi aktif dari zat tertentu
yang dapat menginisiasi transport jam
terlarut lainnya transportasi ini
dilakukan oleh dua protein transpor
dengan energi atau ADB nah contohnya
adalah pompa Proton H positif yang
menggerakkan transpor sukrosa pada sel
tumbuhan artinya H positif yang berasal
dari dalam sel akan keluar melalui
protein transpor yang akan menjemput
sukrosa dari luar sel sehingga
membawanya kembali ke dalam
sukrosa ini pun akan dikirim ke bagian
tumbuhan yang membutuhkannya nah
perhatikanlah gambar pada membran sel
Universe adalah proses masuknya zat dari
luar sel menuju ke dalam sel sedangkan
yang simphor ada dua zat yang berbeda
masuk bersamaan melalui protein
transport sedangkan antipor adalah
protein transpor yang mengeluarkan suatu
zat untuk membawa zat yang berasal dari
luar sel masuk ke dalam sel nah yang
termasuk dengan cotransport adalah
simbol dan antiport transpor aktif yang
ketiga atau bagian c adalah eksositosis
dan endositosis
Hai transportasi aktif ini adalah
transpor partikel atau molekul besar
melalui Flytrap lipatan membran plasma
yaitu ada eksositosis dan ada
endositosis eksositosis berupa vesikula
berisi makromolekul yang berasal dari
badan golgi bergabung dengan membran
plasma untuk mengeluarkan produk dari
badan golgi di celah seperti pengeluaran
rejim maupun hormon sedangkan
endositosis makromolekul yang
dikelilingi membran plasma sehingga
memungkinkan masuk ke dalam sel ini bisa
terjadi melalui proses fagositosis yaitu
peristiwa sel menelan partikel padat
seperti halnya yang dilakukan oleh sel
darah putih
Hai pinositosis adalah proses membrane
sel menelan fluida atau cairan dari kata
Pinem yang artinya minum selain
eksositosis dan endositosis ada juga
perantara reseptor fluida ekstraseluler
terikat pada reseptor spesifik yang
berkumpul pada membran plasma sehingga
terbentuk vesikula nah Perhatikan gambar
yang di sebelah kanan dimana proses
endositosis melalui perantara sektor
terlihat pada permukaan membran terdapat
reseptor berupa glikoprotein maupun
glikolipid yang berperan sebagai
penerima sinyal terhadap benda atau
partikel dari luar untuk mengumpulkan
partikel tersebut dan berkemampuan
melekuk agar terbentuk vakuola akhirnya
Hai partikel yang berada dari luar akan
masuk ke dalam sampai kalau gambarnya
sebelah kiri peristiwa fagositosis dan
pinositosis ah perhatikanlah video
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