Grade 10 SCIENCE | Quarter 1 Module 1 [NEW!] | Lithosphere: The Rocky Skin of Earth
Summary
TLDRIn this engaging Grade 10 science lesson, Miss Deya El Mundo introduces the lithosphere, Earth's rocky skin, focusing on plate tectonics. She explains the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts in relation to plate boundaries. The lesson delves into the continental and oceanic lithospheres, their differences in age, thickness, density, and rock composition. Students learn to identify primary and secondary plates and understand the scientific basis for plate division, using data on geological events to trace plate boundaries.
Takeaways
- 📘 The lesson is about the lithosphere, which is the rocky skin of Earth, and is part of a division made module for grade 10 science.
- 🌏 The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates, which are the smaller sections of the lithosphere, and plate boundaries are the edges that separate these plates.
- 🔍 The two main types of lithospheric plates are continental and oceanic, with the continental lithosphere being thicker and composed of granite, while the oceanic lithosphere is thinner and made up of basalt.
- 📊 Continental lithosphere has an average thickness of 25 to 70 kilometers and a lower density (2.7 g/cm³), whereas oceanic lithosphere is 7 to 10 kilometers thick with a higher density (3.0 g/cm³).
- 🏔 The Earth's lithosphere includes both the crust and the upper mantle, and the lesson aims to differentiate between oceanic and continental crust.
- 🌳 The lesson's essential learning competency is to describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to plate tectonics.
- 🌐 There are seven primary lithospheric plates and eight secondary plates, with primary plates being larger and named after continents, except for the Pacific plate.
- 📈 Scientists determine the divisions of lithospheric plates based on the distribution of geological events and features such as earthquakes, volcanic activities, and mountain ranges, which often occur along plate boundaries.
- 🌋 The Pacific Ring of Fire is a significant area where many earthquakes and volcanic activities occur, highlighting the relationship between geological activity and plate tectonics.
- 📊 The basis for dividing lithospheric plates includes gathering data on earthquake epicenters, volcanic eruptions, and the presence of mountain ranges to plot plate boundaries.
- 📚 The lesson encourages students to understand the scientific basis for plate divisions and to identify major lithospheric plates and their characteristics.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the first lesson for grade 10 science in this script?
-The main topic of the first lesson for grade 10 science is the lithosphere, specifically discussing its distribution, types, and the concept of plate tectonics.
What is the lithosphere?
-The lithosphere is the rigid outermost shell of a planet, consisting of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. It is often referred to as the 'rocky skin of the Earth'.
What are the two types of lithospheric plates mentioned in the script?
-The two types of lithospheric plates are the continental lithosphere and the oceanic lithosphere.
How is the continental lithosphere characterized in the script?
-The continental lithosphere is characterized as being thicker, with an average thickness of 25 to 70 kilometers, composed of old rocks, and having an average density of 2.7 grams per centimeter cube. It is usually made up of granite rock.
What are the main differences between continental and oceanic lithospheres?
-The main differences are that continental lithosphere is older, thicker, and less dense than the oceanic lithosphere. Continental lithosphere is made up of granite, while oceanic lithosphere is made up of basalt.
What is the average thickness of the oceanic lithosphere?
-The oceanic lithosphere has an average thickness of 7 to 10 kilometers.
How many primary and secondary plates are there according to the script?
-There are seven primary plates and eight secondary plates.
What is the basis for dividing the lithospheric plates as discussed in the script?
-The basis for dividing lithospheric plates is the distribution of geological events and features such as earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and major mountain ranges, which are found near or along plate boundaries.
What is the Pacific Ring of Fire, and how is it related to plate boundaries?
-The Pacific Ring of Fire is a region around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. It is related to plate boundaries because these geologically active areas are often found along the edges of tectonic plates.
How do scientists determine the shape and boundaries of lithospheric plates?
-Scientists determine the shape and boundaries of lithospheric plates by gathering data on geological events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the locations of major mountain ranges, which help them plot the plate boundaries.
What is the role of the division made module of SDO Kalookan for grade 10 science in this lesson?
-The division made module of SDO Kalookan for grade 10 science serves as the educational framework for the lesson, providing the essential learning competencies and guiding the exploration of the lithosphere and plate tectonics.
Outlines
🌏 Introduction to the Lithosphere
In the first paragraph, Miss Deya El Mundo introduces the lesson on the lithosphere, the rocky skin of Earth, to grade 10 science students. The lesson is part of a division made module of SDO Kalookan for week one. The main learning competency is to describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to plate tectonics. The students are also expected to describe the Earth's lithosphere, differentiate between oceanic and continental crust, and identify the major lithospheric plates. The lesson begins with a look at a world map and an explanation of the lithosphere, which includes both land and the land below the water.
🏔️ Characteristics of Lithospheric Plates
The second paragraph delves into the characteristics of the lithosphere, distinguishing between the continental and oceanic lithospheres. The continental lithosphere is described as being thicker, averaging 25 to 70 kilometers in thickness, and is composed of old rocks like granite. In contrast, the oceanic lithosphere is thinner, with an average thickness of 7 to 10 kilometers, and is denser, composed of younger rocks like basalt. A comparison table is used to highlight the differences in age, thickness, density, and rock composition between the two types of lithospheric plates.
📍 Primary and Secondary Lithospheric Plates
In the third paragraph, the focus shifts to the types of lithospheric plates, specifically primary and secondary plates. Primary plates are larger and include the Pacific, North American, Eurasian, African, Antarctic, Australian, and South American plates. The names of these plates are mostly derived from the continents they cover, with the Pacific plate being an exception as it lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. Secondary plates are smaller and include plates like the Juan de Fuca, Nazca, and Philippine plates. The distinction between primary and secondary plates is based on their size.
🌋 Plate Boundaries and Geological Events
The fourth paragraph discusses the basis for dividing lithospheric plates. Scientists use the distribution of earthquake epicenters, volcanic activities, and major mountain ranges as evidence for plate boundaries. These geological events and features are concentrated near or along plate boundaries, particularly in the Pacific Ring of Fire. The maps provided show the distribution of these events, which helps scientists to identify and plot the plate boundaries, even though they are not physically visible.
📩 Closing Remarks and Invitation for Questions
In the final paragraph, Miss Deya El Mundo concludes the lesson and invites students to ask questions if they have any. She encourages students to send a message or post a comment if they are shy to ask questions during the lesson. The teacher expresses hope that the students have understood the material covered and thanks them for watching the educational video.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Lithosphere
💡Plate Tectonics
💡Tectonic Plates
💡Continental Lithosphere
💡Oceanic Lithosphere
💡Granite
💡Basalt
💡Primary Plates
💡Secondary Plates
💡Earthquake Epicenters
💡Volcanic Activity
💡Mountain Belts
Highlights
Introduction to the lithosphere as the rocky skin of Earth.
Lesson based on a division made module for grade 10 science.
Essential learning competency to describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to plate tectonics.
Differentiation between oceanic and continental crust.
Identification of major lithospheric plates and the scientific basis for their division.
Use of a world map to illustrate countries, continents, oceans, and islands.
Introduction of a tectonic plate map showing the lithosphere and plate boundaries.
Explanation of tectonic plates as smaller sections of the lithosphere.
Description of plate boundaries as edges separating tectonic plates.
Different types of lithospheric plates: continental and oceanic.
Characteristics of the continental lithosphere: thickness, composition, and density.
Characteristics of the oceanic lithosphere: thickness, composition, and density.
Comparison of continental and oceanic lithospheres in terms of age, thickness, density, and rock type.
Discussion on primary and secondary plates, with primary plates being larger.
Identification of Earth's seven primary plates and their names.
Naming convention of primary plates based on continents, with the exception of the Pacific plate.
Examples of secondary plates and their distinction by size.
Scientific basis for dividing lithospheric plates using data on earthquakes, volcanic activities, and mountain ranges.
The distribution of geological events and features along plate boundaries as evidence for plate tectonics.
Conclusion of the lesson with an invitation for questions and further discussion.
Transcripts
hi students i am miss
deya el mundo and today i will be
discussing to you our first lesson for
grade 10 science
which is all about the lithosphere are
you excited
by the way this lesson is anchored with
a division made module
of sdo kalokan for grade 10 science
week one entitled lithosphere
the rocky skin of earth the most
essential learning competency to be
tackled here
is describe and relate the distribution
of active volcanoes
earthquake epicenters and major mountain
belts to plate tectonic fury
with the code that you can see on the
screen
in this lesson we would also like to
describe the earth's lithosphere and
differentiate oceanic and continental
crust
infer that the earth's lithosphere is
divided into plates
[Music]
identify the major lithospheric plates
and determine the scientific basis
for dividing the lithospheric plates
so without further ado let's start our
learning for the day
let me show you a picture
[Music]
what is this
correct it's a world map what can you
see in a world map
that's right in a world map you can see
countries
continents oceans islands
all with different colors
i'm sure that you are very much aware of
the different features of a map
since you have been using this in your
lower grades
especially in your araling palipunan
subject
now let's see the next map
have you seen this map before
what is this map all about
is the world shown in the first map
different from the world
shown in this map
[Music]
now let's place them side by side
as you can see both are maps of the
world
however the first map which you can see
on the left side of the screen
shows the waters that we have
when i say waters i mean the seas and
the oceans
the map on the right on the other hand
only shows
all the plates in the world which
includes all the land and even the land
below the water
and we call all this land the
lithosphere
let's inspect the right map further
in this map we can see tectonic plates
and plate boundaries
the smaller sections of the lithosphere
are called
tectonic plates
this yellow plate is one tectonic plate
this brown land is also one tectonic
plate
and same with this small pieces
they are all called tectonic plates
plate boundaries on the other hand are
edges that separate the tectonic plates
with one another
[Music]
if this is one plate the pacific plate
and this is the nazca plate which is
another tectonic plate
then the line in between them is a plate
boundary
as we can see in the map there are lots
of plate boundaries
all over the world
[Music]
now let's go to the different types of
lithospheric plates
what are the two types of lithospheric
plates again
[Music]
correct we have the continental
lithosphere
and the oceanic lithosphere
first let's discuss the continental
lithosphere
[Music]
the continental lithosphere is thick and
is found
under land masses it has an average
thickness of 25 to 70 kilometers
and is composed of old rocks
[Music]
it has an average density of 2.7 grams
per centimeter cube
and majority of the rocks that make up
continental lithosphere
are called granite well this is how
a granite looks like
on the other hand for oceanic
[Music]
lithosphere
is thinner compared to continental crust
or continental lithosphere
with an average thickness of 7 to 10
kilometers
it is younger according to studies than
continental crust
and is denser with an average density of
3.0 grams per centimeter cube
now if continental lithosphere is
usually made
up of granite rock oceanic lithosphere
is usually made up
of basalt or basalt rocks which
looks like this
[Music]
here is another diagram showing the
continental crust and the oceanic crust
as we can see here the continental crust
is much
thicker compared to the oceanic rust
however the oceanic rust is denser
or has greater density compared to
continental crust
and in this diagram it can be seen
that the lithosphere
is made up of both the crust
and the upper mantle
now let's try to fill in this table
comparing
the different characteristics of
continental lithosphere
and oceanic lithosphere first
the relative age
which is older and which is younger
[Music]
correct continental lithosphere is older
than oceanic lithosphere
how about the relative thickness
that's right continental
lithosphere although it is older it is
thicker than oceanic lithosphere
next the relative density
[Music]
which is denser
[Music]
okay so oceanic lithosphere
is denser than continental lithosphere
if you remember the numbers the average
density of continental lithosphere is
around
2.7 grams per centimeter cube while an
oceanic lithosphere will have an average
of 3.0
grams per cubic centimeter
finally the type of rock
very good continental plates or
continental lithosphere
are mostly made up of granite while
oceanic lithosphere
is made up of basalt or basalt
so now you have already learned the
basic differences between continental
lithosphere and oceanic lithosphere
let's now move on to the different types
of plates
we have two types of plates
we have primary plates and secondary
plates
now what do you think is the difference
between the two
okay so primary plates are called
primary
because they are larger than the
secondary plates so that is only
or basically the difference between the
two
the earth has seven primary plates and
eight secondary plates
[Music]
given the map here can you name some
primary plates
[Music]
okay so the earth's primary plates are
[Music]
of course the pacific plate
the north american plate
eurasian plate
african plate
antarctic plate
australian plate
and south american plate
now what do you notice about the names
of these primary plates
very good
most names of these primary plates are
taken
from the names of the continents except
pacific plate
however pacific plate is the plate
that can be found under the pacific
ocean
on the other hand eurasian plate is like
the combination of europe
and asia which basically sits
on the same tectonic plate
so now let's go to the secondary plates
can you name some of them
as stated a while ago secondary plates
are smaller than primary plates
[Music]
the secondary plates are
juan de fuka plate can we find one the
foca plate this one
this small plate
nazca plate
[Music]
coco split
caribbean plate
philippine plate
arabian plate
engine plate
and scotch and plate
see they are very easy to find because
you can distinguish
primary plates from secondary plates by
their sizes
now we are done with the different types
of plates according to composition
and then the different types of plates
according to
sizes let's go now to this question
[Music]
what is the basis of scientists for
dividing lithospheric plates
how did they know is there really a
physical boundary between these plates
how did they know that the shape of the
arabian plate is like this
how did they know that the philippine
plate is
just this one okay we know that the
philippines is not
with this shape because the philippine
is
an archipelago but then how did they
come up with
this divisions
any wild guess
[Music]
to help us answer that question let's
look at these pictures
which can be found in your modules
the first one is the map of distribution
of earthquake epicenters
which are shown in the darker areas so
this means that these darker
areas represent areas where
most of the earthquakes occur of course
other areas would also have earthquakes
but then most of the earthquakes
would happen in this dark
area next we also have
the map of volcanic
activities now what do you notice
[Music]
okay so just like the map of the
distribution of earthquake
epicenters the second map
would also show points
or places where there are more volcanoes
or volcanic eruptions
compared to other places
[Music]
for example this area
has more volcanic activities compared to
the center
of this area and we also have
other volcanic activities
in these places
third we also have the map of the major
mountain ranges in the world
the third map is quite different
from the first and second map because
the center of the map is not the pacific
ocean
as you can see the pacific ocean is
divided into two places
instead of being in the center the
pacific ocean is found on the left side
and on the right side but then as you
can see
most of the mountain belts are found in
this area
and in these areas
all right now can you see any
similarities
among the three pictures
or diagrams
okay i'll give you 20 seconds to think
of it and if you are done please
comment your answers on the
chat box
[Music]
okay so you said
that most of the
highlighted areas are found in the
pacific ring of fire that is correct so
the one
being shown in the second map is
actually the pacific ring of fire
okay so
we can say that
the three geologic events and features
that are being shown in the three
diagrams which are the earthquakes
in the first map active volcanoes in the
second map
and major mountain ranges in the third
map
they are distributed near or along
plate boundaries
okay so if we compare for example the
second map
from the first map that you have been
seeing a while ago
if you will look at the boundaries of
the pacific ocean
or boundaries of the pacific plate it is
very similar
to the marks showing the
active volcanoes okay
also here we have the nazca plate okay
you can see here that there
are dots that seem to be part of a
line or a boundary so therefore we can
say that
scientists have been using these events
and features
as bases for identifying the plate
boundaries because of course
these plate boundaries are not there in
the first place
okay so scientists have to gather lots
of data which
includes earthquake data
volcanic eruption data and the
present mountain ranges in order for
them to plot
these plate boundaries all right
so any questions
[Music]
so if there are no more questions this
would be the end of our discussion
so i hope you have understood the lesson
for today and if you have
questions that you are just shy to ask
about please
don't hesitate to send me a message
or post us a comment
and then i'll try to answer them as soon
as i see them
so that's all for today goodbye and
thank you for watching
تصفح المزيد من مقاطع الفيديو ذات الصلة
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Science 10: Lesson 2 Types of Plate Boundaries
PLATE TECTONIC THEORY | Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Mountain Ranges| Grade 10 Science Quarter 1 Module 1
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Grade 10 SCIENCE | Quarter 1 Module 5 (PART 1) | CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
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