अपराधशास्त्र एवं दंडशास्त्र | Criminology and Penology lecture -1 in hindi

Summary

This video lecture introduces the fundamentals of Criminology, also known as 'अपराध शास्त्र', explaining its meaning, definition, scope, and importance. It highlights Criminology as a branch of criminal science focused on studying crime, criminal behavior, causes, and prevention methods. Key definitions by Sutherland, Elliot, and Recklet are discussed, followed by Bonger’s classification of Criminology into six areas, including criminal psychology, anthropology, sociology, penology, psycho-neuro pathology, and victimology. The lecture also emphasizes its practical relevance for law enforcement, magistrates, and society, showing how understanding crime helps create law-abiding citizens, analyze offender behavior, and implement effective preventive and corrective measures.

Takeaways

• 😀 Criminology, also called Aparadh Shastra, is a branch of criminal science that studies the causes, effects, and prevention of crime.
• 😀 Penology, or Dand Shastra, focuses on the custody, treatment, punishment, and control of offenders.
• 😀 The word 'Criminology' comes from 'Crime' (Latin) and 'Logy' (Greek), meaning the study of crimes.
• 😀 Definitions by experts: Sutherland views criminology as a social phenomenon, Elliot as a scientific study of crime and its treatment, and Recklet as the study of criminal science by criminologists.
• 😀 Criminology studies five main areas: criminal behavior, circumstances of the crime, societal influence, causes, and the full study of the case.
• 😀 Bunger classified criminology into six areas: criminal psychology, criminal anthropology, criminal sociology, penology, psycho-neuro pathology, and victimology.
• 😀 Criminal psychology examines crimes committed due to emotions, while criminal anthropology studies crimes influenced by physical disabilities or societal exclusion.
• 😀 Criminal sociology explores society's role in crime, and penology focuses on punishment proportional to the severity of crime.
• 😀 Psycho-neuro pathology investigates crimes caused by factors like depression, stress, or physical attributes, and victimology studies the victim's role in the occurrence of crime.
• 😀 The scope of criminology has evolved from studying only causes and prevention in ancient times to modern approaches that include deep analysis of crime causes and rehabilitation strategies.
• 😀 Criminology is important for creating law-abiding citizens, aiding moral development, understanding criminal behavior, guiding magistrates, police, and prison officials, and providing knowledge about different types of crimes.

Q & A

What is the basic meaning of Criminology?

Criminology is a branch of criminal science that studies crime, criminal behavior, its causes, and ways to prevent or remedy crime. In Hindi, it is called 'अपराध शास्त्र'.

From which languages do the words forming 'Criminology' originate?

The word 'Crime' comes from Latin, and 'Logy' (or 'Loya') comes from Greek. Together, they form 'Criminology', meaning the study of crime.

How did Sutherland define Criminology?

Sutherland defined Criminology as the study of crime as a social phenomenon, emphasizing crime in the context of society.

What did Elliot describe Criminology as?

Elliot described Criminology as the scientific study of crime and its treatment, focusing on understanding the causes and remedies for criminal behavior.

What are the five main areas studied in Criminology according to the transcript?

The five main areas are: 1) Criminal behavior, 2) Circumstances of the crime, 3) Effects of the crime on society, 4) Causes of the crime, and 5) Study of the specific case (study of matter).

What are the six classifications of Criminology proposed by Bunger?

The six classifications are: 1) Criminal Psychology (अपराधिक मनोविज्ञान), 2) Criminal Anthropology (अपराधिक मानवशास्त्र), 3) Criminal Sociology (अपराधिक समाजशास्त्र), 4) Penology (दंड शास्त्र), 5) Psycho-Neuro-Pathology (अपराधिक साइको न्यूरो पैथोलॉजी), 6) Victimology (पीड़ित विज्ञान).

Can you give an example of a crime studied under Criminal Psychology?

Crimes committed due to emotional factors, such as a person committing an acid attack after being rejected by a partner, are studied under Criminal Psychology.

What does Victimology study in Criminology?

Victimology studies the role of victims in crime, including how the victim’s behavior, actions, or circumstances might contribute to the occurrence of the crime.

Why is Criminology important for police, magistrates, and jail officers?

Criminology provides these professionals with knowledge of criminal behavior, causes of crime, and social impact, enabling them to manage crime, enforce laws effectively, and rehabilitate offenders.

What is the modern scope of Criminology?

The modern scope includes not only identifying causes of crime and prevention measures but also exploring the root causes in-depth, understanding social effects, and devising solutions for crime control and rehabilitation.

How does Criminology help create law-abiding citizens?

By studying the causes, effects, and remedies of crime, Criminology educates individuals about legal and social consequences, helping shape responsible and ethical citizens who avoid criminal behavior.

What is Penology, and how does it relate to Criminology?

Penology is the study of punishment for crimes (दंड शास्त्र). It focuses on the theories, methods, and severity of punishments, and it is a crucial branch of Criminology that links crime to its legal consequences.