BE2001 Mass and Energy Balance for Biosystem Module 3 Segment 1

Summary

In this educational video, Lily from the School of Life Sciences at Bandung Institute of Technology introduces the fundamental concept of conservation laws in engineering and science. The video explains how conservation principles like mass, energy, and momentum govern physical systems, forming the foundation for problem-solving across various engineering disciplines. It also touches on how these laws are mathematically described and applied in diverse fields, from structural engineering to environmental modeling. Lastly, it highlights the role of accounting equations for properties that are not conserved during system transformations.

Takeaways

• 😀 Conservation refers to the preservation of physical quantities during movement, transformation, or reaction, and is fundamental in both engineering and science.
• 😀 Several conservation principles govern virtually all physical behaviors, and engineers describe these laws using initial or boundary conditions.
• 😀 Conservation laws were first developed centuries ago but have since been generalized to cover multiple extensive properties.
• 😀 Key extensive properties that conservation laws apply to include total mass, moles of elements, linear and angular momentum, electrical charge, and total energy.
• 😀 Conservation laws form the basis for problem-solving across many engineering disciplines.
• 😀 Conservation laws are applied in diverse fields, such as refining crude oil, calculating building loads, designing circuits, and estimating groundwater contamination.
• 😀 Not all extensive properties are conserved; some can be created or destroyed during system changes.
• 😀 Extensive properties that are not conserved must be described using accounting equations, which are generalized versions of conservation equations.
• 😀 Conservation equations play a vital role in engineering applications, such as building structures, designing microchips, and developing life support systems.
• 😀 The next segment will delve into how extensive properties are counted within a system, extending the conservation concept further.

Q & A

What is the fundamental concept of conservation in engineering and science?

Conservation refers to the preservation of physical quantities, such as mass, energy, or momentum, during processes like movement, transformation, or reaction.

Why are conservation laws important in engineering?

Conservation laws are essential in engineering because they provide the governing principles for physical behavior and are used to mathematically solve problems across various engineering disciplines.

Can you provide examples of physical properties that are conserved?

Examples of conserved physical properties include total mass, mass of elements, linear and angular momentum, electrical charge, and total energy.

Are all physical properties conserved?

No, not all extensive properties are conserved. Some properties are created or destroyed during changes in a system, and these must be described using accounting equations.

What is an accounting equation, and when is it used?

An accounting equation is used when physical properties are not conserved. It describes how the non-conserved properties behave and accounts for their changes in a system.

What are some real-world applications of conservation laws in engineering?

Conservation laws are applied in various fields, such as refining crude oil, designing aircraft, estimating groundwater contamination, modeling the carbon cycle, and developing life-support systems.

How are conservation laws mathematically described?

Conservation laws are mathematically formulated into equations that describe the behavior of systems under specific conditions, incorporating initial or boundary conditions.

What is the difference between conservation equations and accounting equations?

Conservation equations describe properties that are conserved, while accounting equations describe properties that are not conserved and must account for their creation or destruction.

Why are conservation equations important in engineering problem-solving?

Conservation equations are crucial because they allow engineers to predict and solve problems by ensuring that the essential physical quantities are correctly accounted for during processes and reactions.

What will be discussed in the next segment of this module?

The next segment will focus on counting extensive properties in a system, providing more details on how these properties are handled and accounted for in engineering systems.