P, 29 Desember 2025, Ontologi, Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi - MATERI PAI

Summary

In this lecture, Dr. Mukhyar discusses the essential philosophical pillars—ontology, epistemology, and axiology—in the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at the elementary school level. He emphasizes the importance of a philosophical foundation for teaching PAI, stressing that it should be simple, concrete, and relevant to the students’ developmental stage. The discussion highlights the significance of teacher modeling, experiential learning, and character formation in Islamic education. By integrating these philosophical aspects, educators can create meaningful and transformative educational experiences that shape both knowledge and behavior in young students.

Takeaways

• 😀 Importance of philosophical foundations in Islamic Education, especially for elementary school teachers.
• 😀 Ontology, epistemology, and axiology are crucial pillars for developing effective Islamic Education materials.
• 😀 Islamic Education in elementary schools should focus on building the foundation of faith and character, rather than abstract concepts.
• 😀 Teachers need to understand the ontological aspect, which is the essence of what is being taught.
• 😀 In the epistemological context, teaching methods should be active, contextual, and emotionally engaging.
• 😀 Teachers act as role models; their behavior sets the example for students, especially in terms of moral and religious conduct.
• 😀 Axiology in Islamic Education emphasizes character formation, not academic achievements or rankings.
• 😀 The ultimate goal of Islamic Education is not just to provide information, but to form students' behaviors, attitudes, and values.
• 😀 Integrating ontology, epistemology, and axiology ensures that the content is not only informative but transformative and formative.
• 😀 Teachers should be aware of their purpose and mission in the classroom, as they are entrusted with the responsibility to instill Islamic values.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the video lecture?

The main theme of the lecture is the analysis of ontology, epistemology, and axiology in the development of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials, particularly for elementary school students.

Why is a philosophical foundation important in developing Islamic education materials for elementary schools?

A philosophical foundation is important to ensure that learning materials are scientifically valid, pedagogically appropriate for children’s developmental stages, and meaningful in terms of Islamic values, rather than being shallow or purely textbook-based.

What does ontology refer to in the context of Islamic education?

Ontology refers to the nature and essence of what is taught. In Islamic education, it addresses what kind of religious material is appropriate and meaningful for elementary school students.

According to the lecture, what are the main characteristics of elementary school students that teachers must consider?

Elementary school students think concretely rather than abstractly, learn through imitation, and gain understanding primarily through direct experience.

How should Islamic education materials be designed ontologically for elementary students?

They should be simple, concrete, closely related to students’ daily lives, experiential, and oriented toward habituation rather than abstract theoretical concepts.

What is epistemology and how does it apply to Islamic education in elementary schools?

Epistemology concerns how knowledge is acquired. In elementary Islamic education, knowledge is gained through teacher role modeling, habituation, direct experience, storytelling, and symbolic learning rather than lectures alone.

Why is teacher role modeling emphasized as an epistemological approach?

Because children learn religious values largely through imitation, teachers must demonstrate Islamic behavior in daily actions, making them living examples rather than mere conveyors of information.

What is the role of active and contextual learning methods in PAI?

Active and contextual methods help students understand, remember, and internalize religious knowledge by connecting lessons to real-life situations and emotional experiences.

What does axiology focus on in Islamic education?

Axiology focuses on the purpose and values of education, emphasizing why religious knowledge is taught and what moral and behavioral outcomes are expected.

What are the primary axiological goals of Islamic education at the elementary level?

The primary goals are character formation and the development of Islamic values such as honesty, discipline, responsibility, compassion, and love for Allah and fellow human beings.

Why are grades and rankings not considered the main goal of PAI according to the lecture?

Because Islamic education prioritizes character building and behavioral change over academic scores, aiming for meaningful moral development rather than numerical achievement.

What happens if Islamic education materials are informative but not formative or transformative?

They lose their axiological value, meaning the lessons may be correct in content and interesting in method but fail to shape students’ attitudes and behaviors.

How should ontology, epistemology, and axiology be integrated in teaching practice?

Teachers must understand what they teach (ontology), how they teach it (epistemology), and why they teach it (axiology), ensuring these aspects work together in a unified and holistic manner.

What is the ultimate role of a professional Islamic education teacher according to the lecture?

The teacher’s ultimate role is not only to teach religious content but also to model Islamic values, guide moral development, and understand the deeper purpose of their presence and responsibility in the classroom.