How The United States Won The Wild West
Summary
TLDRDieses Script erzählt die Geschichte der westlichen Expansion der Vereinigten Staaten, beginnend mit der Bevölkerung von 5,3 Millionen im Jahr 1800 bis hin zu über 330 Millionen heute. Es beschreibt die frühen Siedler, die Erweiterung nach der Unabhängigkeit, die Louisiana Purchase, die Expedition von Lewis und Clark, das Manifest Destiny, die Goldräuber von 1849, die Eisenbahnen und die Herausforderungen durch die Native American-Beziehungen, bis hin zur endgültigen Zähmung des Westens und der Schaffung der modernen USA.
Takeaways
- 🌏 Die heutige Bevölkerung der USA beträgt etwas über 330 Millionen Menschen, wobei die Mehrheit im Osten des Landes lebt, was auf Jahrhunderte europäischer Siedlermigration zurückzuführen ist.
- 🏙️ Im Jahr 1800 lebten nur 5,3 Millionen Amerikaner in 16 Staaten, während das westlich der Appalachen ein unerforschtenes Gebiet mit zahlreichen einheimischen Stämmen war.
- 📜 Der Vertrag von Paris von 1783 legte die Grenzen der jungen Republik fest und schloss ein großes Gebiet bis zum Mississippi ein, das fast unerforscht blieb.
- 🚶♂️ Abenteurer wie Daniel Boone erschlossen Pionierwege und gründeten Siedlungen im Westen, was für zukünftige Expansionen eine Vorlage lieferte.
- 🇺🇸 Das Nordwest-Territorialverordnung von 1787 etablierte das erste organisierte Territorium der USA und förderte die Besiedlung des Landes.
- 📈 Der Louisiana Purchase von 1803 ermöglichte die Erweiterung der USA um ein riesiges Gebiet bis zu den Rocky Mountains.
- 🗺️ Die Expedition von Lewis und Clark, die das neu erworbene Territorium kartierte, inspirierte das Konzept des 'Manifest Destiny', das die westliche Expansion der USA prägte.
- 🏘️ Die Entwicklung von Siedlungen entlang des südlichen Ufer des Großen Lakes und jenseits des Mississippi im 19. Jahrhundert ging Hand in Hand mit der Errichtung von Handelsposten und Pionierpfaden.
- 🏞️ Die Regierung der USA unterzeichnete viele Verträge mit einheimischen Nationen, die jedoch durch das Indian Removal Act von 1830 und die Folgen des Trail of Tears infrage gestellt wurden.
- 🛤️ Die Goldräder von 1849 und die darauf folgenden Erkundungen und Entdeckungen von Edelmetallen führten zu einer massiven Zuwanderung in den Westen und der Entstehung von Boomtowns.
- 🚂 Die Fertigstellung der Transkontinentalen Eisenbahn im Jahr 1869 verkürzte die Reisezeit zwischen den Küsten und förderte die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des Westens.
- 🏞️ Die Regierung förderte die Besiedlung des Westens durch das Homestead Act von 1862, das billige Land für die Landwirtschaft anbot.
- 🌐 Die Expansion der USA umfasste auch das Anschaffen von Alaska von Russland 1867 und die Annexion von Hawaii im Jahr 1898.
- 🏛️ Das 20. Jahrhundert sah die endgültige Zähmung des amerikanischen Westens und die Umwandlung der verbleibenden Territorien in Bundesstaaten.
Q & A
Wie hoch ist die Bevölkerung der Vereinigten Staaten heute?
-Die Bevölkerung der Vereinigten Staaten beträgt heute etwas mehr als 330 Millionen Menschen.
Wo wohnen die meisten US-Amerikaner?
-Die Mehrheit der US-Amerikaner lebt in Siedlungen, die sich im östlichen Teil des Landes befinden.
Was war der Grund für die geografische Verteilung der Bevölkerung in den frühen Jahren der USA?
-Die Verteilung der Bevölkerung wurde maßgeblich durch die Migration vorwiegend europäischer Siedler geprägt, die sich entlang der Ostküste niederließen.
Wie sah die Bevölkerungsdichte der USA im Jahr 1800 aus?
-Im Jahr 1800 lebten nur 5,3 Millionen Amerikaner in 16 Staaten, die von der Atlantikküste bis zu den Appalachen reichten.
Wer war Daniel Boone und welche Rolle spielte er bei der Erweiterung des Westens?
-Daniel Boone war ein Pionier, der in den späten 1760er Jahren in das unbekannte Land vordrang und den Cumberland Gap für Pioniere zugänglicher machte. Er gründete die Siedlung Boonsboro, was den Vorläufer für die zukünftige westliche Expansion war.
Was war das Northwest Ordinance von 1787 und welche Bedeutung hatte es?
-Das Northwest Ordinance war ein Gesetz, das das erste organisierte Territorium der neuen Nation etablierte und die Grundlage für die westliche Expansion legte.
Was war die Louisiana Purchase und welche Folgen hatte sie?
-Die Louisiana Purchase war ein Vertrag von 1803, bei dem Frankreich dem United States ein großes Gebiet in Nordamerika abtrat. Diese Erweiterung führte zu einer Zunahme der westlichen Expansion und dem Konzept des Manifest Destiny.
Wer waren Meriwether Lewis und William Clark und was unternahmen sie?
-Meriwether Lewis und William Clark waren Führer einer wissenschaftlichen Expedition, die von der Regierung von Präsident Thomas Jefferson in Auftrag gegeben wurde, um das nach der Louisiana Purchase erworbene Gebiet zu erkunden und zu kartographieren.
Was ist der Indian Removal Act von 1830 und welche Auswirkungen hatte er?
-Der Indian Removal Act war ein Gesetz, das die vorherigen Verträge mit den einheimischen Völkern kippte und fünf Stämme, darunter die Cherokee, dazu verpflichtete, ihr Land aufzugeben und westlich des Mississippi zu ziehen, was als Trail of Tears bekannt ist.
Was war der Grund für die rapide Zunahme der Siedler im Westen in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts?
-Die rapide Zunahme der Siedler im Westen war auf zwei Ereignisse zurückzuführen: den Krieg gegen Mexiko, der das Land für die USA erweiterte, und dem Goldrausch in Kalifornien, der Tausende von Menschen anlockte.
Was war die Transcontinental Railroad und welche Rolle spielte sie bei der Expansion?
-Die Transcontinental Railroad war eine Eisenbahn, die den Atlantik und den Pazifik verband und eine der wichtigsten Entwicklungen zur Erleichterung der Reise und Kommunikation im Westen war. Ihr Abschluss im Jahr 1869 verkürzte die Reisezeit zwischen den Küsten erheblich.
Outlines
🌏 Die frühen Tage der USA und der Westward-Expansion
Dieser Absatz beschreibt die geografische und historische Entwicklung der USA. Anfangs im Jahr 1800 lebten nur 5,3 Millionen Menschen in 16 atlantikbordereden Staaten, während die westlichen Regionen von einheimischen Stämmen bewohnt wurden. Die USA begannen nach der Unabhängigkeit von Großbritannien im späten 18. Jahrhundert zu expandieren, was durch den Louisiana Purchase 1803 und die Expedition von Lewis und Clark beschleunigt wurde. Diese Ereignisse prägten das Konzept des 'Manifest Destiny', das die Bestrebungen der Amerikaner in der 19. Jahrhunderts definierte.
🏞️ Die Eroberung des Westens und die Folgen für die einheimischen Völker
Der zweite Absatz konzentriert sich auf die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Aspekte der Westexpansion. Frühe Pionierarbeit, wie das von Daniel Boone, wurde durch Gesetzgebung wie das Northwest Ordinance gefördert. Die Eroberung des Westens führte jedoch zu Spannungen mit den einheimischen Völkern, die durch den Indian Removal Act 1830 verschärft wurden. Dies resultierte in der Vertreibung vieler Stämme, darunter die Cherokee, auf den sogenannten 'Trail of Tears'.
🚂 Die Entwicklung des Westens durch Goldrausch und Eisenbahnen
In diesem Absatz wird die Beschleunigung der Westexpansion im 19. Jahrhundert durch Ereignisse wie den Goldrausch in Kalifornien und den Bau der Transkontinentalen Eisenbahn dargestellt. Die Goldfunde zogen Hunderttausende von Menschen an, während der Eisenbahnbau die Verbindung zwischen Ost- und Westküste erleichterte und die wirtschaftlichen Möglichkeiten des Westens erweiterte.
🤠 Die Diversität der Siedler und die Herausforderungen des Westens
Der vierte Absatz beleuchtet die unterschiedlichen Motive und die Vielfalt der Menschen, die nach Westen zogen, einschließlich der Mormonen in Utah und der Afrikan裔 amerikanischen Cowboys. Es diskutiert auch die Herausforderungen, die mit der Expansion verbunden waren, wie das Mangel an Gesetz und Ordnung, was zu einer Welle von Verbrechen und der Notwendigkeit von Lawmen führte, um die Ordnung aufrechtzuerhalten.
🏙️ Die Schließung des Frontiers und die Urbanisierung des Westens
Der letzte Absatz beschreibt die Schließung des amerikanischen Frontiers und die Urbanisierung, die mit der Einbindung der letzten Territorien als Staaten einherging. Die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Veränderungen führten zu einer Verschiebung der Fokus von der Eroberung neuer Gebiete hin zur Entwicklung der Städte und der Nation als Ganzes. Die Geschichte des Westens endet damit, als die USA auf ihrem Weg zur Supermacht stehen.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Westwärts-Expansion
💡Louisiana Purchase
💡Manifest Destiny
💡Indian Removal Act
💡Goldrausch
💡Transkontinentale Eisenbahn
💡Native American Konflikte
💡Pioniere
💡Homestead Act
💡Frontiersmen
Highlights
Die heutige Bevölkerung der Vereinigten Staaten beträgt etwas über 330 Millionen Menschen, wobei die Mehrheit in Siedlungen im östlichen Teil des Landes lebt.
Vor zwei Jahrhunderten lebten nur 5,3 Millionen Amerikaner in 16 Staaten, die von der Ostküste bis zu den Appalachen reichten.
Die Vereinigten Staaten begannen fast unmittelbar nach der Unabhängigkeit von Großbritannien im späten 18. Jahrhundert mit der Erweiterung nach Westen.
Der Vertrag von Paris von 1783 etablierte die Grenzen der neuen Republik, einschließlich eines großen Landes bis zum Mississippi.
Daniel Boone machte den Cumberland Gap zugänglicher für Pioniere und gründete die Siedlung Boonsboro in Kentucky im Jahr 1775.
Das Northwest Ordinance von 1787 etablierte das erste organisierte Gebiet der Vereinigten Staaten.
Zwei neue Staaten, Kentucky und Tennessee, wurden im letzten Jahrzehnt des 18. Jahrhunderts der Union beigetreten.
1803 veräußerte Frankreich im Rahmen des Louisiana Purchase große Landgebiete in Nordamerika an die Vereinigten Staaten.
Die Expedition von Lewis und Clark, die 1803 ins Leben gerufen wurde, kartographierte das neu erworbene Territorium und erreichte 1805 den Pazifik.
Der Begriff 'Manifest Destiny' begann, die Bemühungen der Amerikaner im 19. Jahrhundert zu definieren, um nach Westen vorzudringen.
Die Siedlung begann im Süden der Großen Seen in den 1810er und 1820er Jahren, und Chicago wurde 1833 gegründet.
Die Regierung unter Präsident Andrew Jackson verabschiedete 1830 das Indian Removal Act, das viele indigene Völker West des Mississippi zwang, ihre Heimat zu verlassen.
Der Goldrausch in Kalifornien im Jahr 1849 lockte Hunderte Tausend Menschen nach Westen und beeinflusste die Demografie der Region erheblich.
Die Eisenbahnerweiterung nach dem Bürgerkrieg begann und die erste transkontinentale Eisenbahn wurde 1869 in Utah vervollständigt.
Der Homestead Act von 1862 bot landesbesitz für wenige Cents pro Acre an, um die Siedlung des Westens zu fördern.
Die Expansion nach Westen führte zu einer Vielzahl von Gold-, Silber- und Ölfunden, die Boomtowns wie Deadwood und Tombstone hervorriefen.
Die Regierung kaufte 1867 Alaska von Russland, und der Yukon Goldrausch in der Nähe Kanadas brachte die erste Welle der Siedlung nach Alaska.
Die Vereinigten Staaten erwarben 1898 die Hawaii-Inseln und begannen damit, ihre territoriale Ausdehnung zu beenden.
Das 20. Jahrhundert sah die Schließung der Grenzen der Vereinigten Staaten und die Transformation des amerikanischen Westens in eine urbane, entwickelte Region.
Transcripts
the United States today has a population
of just over 330 million people with the
majority of these living within
settlements that lie within the eastern
half of the country
this is a long-standing impact of
centuries of predominantly European
settlers migrating across the Atlantic
Ocean and establishing themselves in new
towns and cities along the Eastern
seaboard
comparatively much fewer settlements
exist in the western Harbor of the
nation with the only notable exception
being the coastal communities clinging
to the Pacific Shoreline from California
in the South to Washington state in the
North
however little over two centuries ago in
the year 1800 the population density of
the United States looked markedly
different
back then only 5.3 million Americans
lived in 16 states that were bordered by
the Atlantic Ocean to the East and the
Appalachian Mountains of the West
beyond that a vast Uncharted Wilderness
of grassland Plains snow-capped
mountains and arid deserts which were
inhabited by thousands of native tribes
who had called this land their home for
millennia
in a matter of just a handful of decades
this entire region would be opened up
and explored by prospective white
settlers coming from the East yearning
for a chance to better themselves in
this new land of opportunity
this is how the United States expanded
westwards
the expansion of the United States began
almost immediately following the
attainment of independence from Britain
in the late 18th century
the Treaty of Paris of 1783 formally
acknowledged the newly created Republic
and established its borders largely
based on what had been inherited from
the previously British 13 colonies but
now also included a vast tract of land
stretching westwards to the Mississippi
River
which had hardly been seen by any
American except for a few Hardy
frontiersmen
one such figure was Daniel Boone who in
the late 1760s ventured out into this
hitherto unknown land
Boone was aware of the Cumberland Gap a
pass through the mountains which had
been long used by the native peoples to
cross the Appalachians
he made the pass more accessible to
pioneers and later established
settlement of Boonsboro in what is now
Kentucky in 1775.
setting the president for future western
expansion
these tentative Explorations by
frontiersmen such as Boone were made
easier in 1787 when the Northwest
Ordinance was enacted by Congress
this established the new nation's first
ever organized Incorporated territory
which stretched from the great lakes in
the North to the Ohio river in the South
and the Mississippi River in the west to
Pennsylvania in the east
in the last decade of the 18th century a
slow steady trickle of settlers made
their way Westward into these newly
established parts of the country so much
so that two new states were formally
admitted to the union with Kentucky
joining in 1792 and Tennessee in 1796.
despite the Endeavors of these early
Pioneers a greater more concerted effort
would be needed by the United States as
a whole if it was to expand more
thoroughly beyond the natural confines
of the Appalachians
in 1803 as Europe was bracing itself for
the coming Napoleonic Wars France
decided to sell its vast Colonial land
Holdings in North America to the United
States
this was completed for 15 million
dollars under the terms of the Louisiana
Purchase and included an immense swade
of land from the Western Bank to the
Mississippi River all the way to the
high peaks of the Rocky Mountains
the following year president Thomas
Jefferson's administration commissioned
a scientific and cartographic expedition
to explore and map the newly acquired
territory
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark along
with 40 companions journeyed across the
Louisiana Territory and reached the
Pacific Ocean in 1805.
this accomplishment quickly sparked an
idea in the American psyche that their
Nation would one day stretch from coast
to coast
this concept which relatedly termed as
Manifest Destiny would come to define
the efforts of the American people in
their push westwards throughout the 19th
century
progress in this endeavor was initially
slow her settlements gradually began to
emerge on the Southern Shores of the
Great Lakes in the 1810s and 1820s with
the town of Chicago being founded in
1833
further to the west across the
Mississippi River the frontier remained
a wild and dangerous place which
attracted only a very few who were
desperate or brave enough to endure it
amongst these were the mountain men who
plied the Great Rivers of the region
earning a living as hunters and
collecting animal Furs which were highly
valuable Commodities during the first
half of the 19th century
men such as Hugh glass and Jim Bridger
were instrumental in gaining knowledge
of the Region's terrain and waterways
which went some way to help establish
the earlier settlements on this part of
the frontier
these typically took the form of
fortified trading posts which served as
Regional hubs for the burgeoning fur
trade
gradually Overland route waves emerged
to connect these scattered settlements
with one another
which subsequently developed into the
earliest Pioneer Trails
these were nothing more than marked in
mapped paths that allowed would-be
settlers in wagon trains to attempt the
journey out to the fertile Willamette
Valley in Oregon that had been
discovered by the Lewis and Clark
expedition some years earlier
despite the enthusiasm and drive of the
fledgling American Nation to expand
across this vast unmapped Western
Wilderness these lands were not simply
laying vacant for the United States to
claim as their own
for Millennia hundreds if not thousands
of Native American nations had called
this land their home and the
encroachment of white settlers from the
East had created a complex relationship
between the two groups which was often
marked by tension and hostility
in the spirit of fostering better
relations based upon their founding
principles of Liberty equality and
justice the United States government
signed multiple treaties with many of
the Native American nations promising to
protect their lands from prospective
settlers
nevertheless in 1830 the U.S government
led by President Andrew Jackson passed
the Indian Removal Act which effectively
nullified all the previous treaties by
making clear their intentions to settle
the southern region around the
Appalachian Mountains
the five Native American tribes who
inhabited this area the Cherokee
Muscogee Seminole Chickasaw and Choctaw
were then ordered to vacate their land
and move west of the Mississippi River
to a newly formed Indian Nation
in what became known as the Trail of
Tears tens of thousands of Native
Americans were forcibly displaced from
their homelands and made to endure
abysmal conditions as they were marched
westwards with thousands dying on route
the maltreatment suffering and duplicity
inflicted on the Native American peoples
would sadly become a defining and
enduring aspect of America's continuing
Westward Expansion that would last well
into the early 20th century
while the initial migrations of the
early 19th century saw settlers slowly
drift westwards it was only in their
second half of the 1840s that this began
to increase exponentially
this is owed to two almost simultaneous
developments
the first occurred in May 1846 when the
United States declared war on Mexico
after years of simmering tensions
between the two Nations
much of this animosity hinged on the
status of the Republic of Texas which
the U.S had annexed in December 1845
making it the 28th state to be admitted
to the Union
the resulting Mexican-American War
lasted almost two years and ended with
the U.S victory after they successfully
occupied Mexico City in 1847.
through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
that followed Mexico seeded a vast
amount of land to the United States
which corresponds to much of modern day
California Texas New Mexico Arizona
Nevada Colorado and Utah
the second development occurred around
the same time as the Treaty of Mexico
was being finalized in the hills of
California American settlers had
discovered gold
as word quickly spread of the exciting
news tens of thousands of people began
preparing to head out west in search of
their Fortune these settlers became
known as the 49ers as they first started
arriving in California in large numbers
in 1849 they traveled either over land
along Route such as the Santa Fe Oregon
and California Trails or otherwise
sailed from ports on the Eastern
Seaboard South to Panama before trekking
over land across the Isthmus to the
Pacific Ocean then sailing North again
to the coast of California
by the mid-1850s some 300 000 people had
arrived as part of the Gold Rush which
dramatically transformed the
demographics of the region and provided
a fast track for California to be
admitted as the 31st state in September
1850
the California Gold Rush was just the
first event of its kind which fueled a
massive influx of people into the
American West
throughout almost every decade of the
mid late 19th century countless
discoveries of Gold Silver and oil were
made across many of the unorganized
territories of the United States this
led to the emergence of Boom towns like
Deadwood in South Dakota and tombstone
in Arizona which quickly became the home
to thousands looking to exploit these
valuable resources and get rich these
towns also attracted entrepreneurs
looking to cash in from the recent
discoveries with saloons hotels gambling
dens and brothels quickly springing up
these effectively sought to mine the
miners of any profits they've managed to
acquire as a result many Prospectors
ended up leaving poorer than when they
had arrived but for those few had gotten
lucky and struck it rich they decided to
pack up their belongings and moved on to
new Ventures leaving virtual ghost towns
in their wake
as new population centers began to
sprout out of the region so did new
economies and markets
livestock proved highly suitable on the
rolling groped planes which occupied
much of the center of the now
continental United States
cattle in particular were a highly
valued and sought after animal to rear
huge herds soon range from the ranches
and cattle markets across Texas New
Mexico Arizona Colorado and further
north into Wyoming The Dakotas and
Montana and were driven by men who would
soon become the archetypal symbol of the
American West the cowboy
the range of reasons for settlers
heading out west varied enormously and
did not simply pertain to those looking
to better themselves economically Utah
for instance was largely settled by the
Mormons from the late 1840s onwards as
their leader Brigham Young determined
that a new land was needed for the
followers of the Church of Latter-day
Saints after they faced extensive
persecution back East the journey would
be undertaken by approximately 70 000
Mormons over the next 20 years and
resulted in the development of the Salt
Lake Valley which Remains the heartland
of the church to this day
perhaps the most significant development
that facilitated the increasing amounts
of settlers into the American West was
that of the Railway
although an already extensive and
well-developed rail network covered much
of the Eastern side of the country it
was recognized that a route was needed
to connect the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts which could then Branch off and
extend to the rest of the country
so it was in 1863 that initial
construction began on the first
Transcontinental Railroad however the
continuation of the American Civil War
hindered any significant progress
although the conflicts primarily played
out on the Eastern side of the country
some fighting did occur west of the
Mississippi River which prevented any
allocation of men material or Finance
being diverted towards the project until
after the war's conclusion in 1865.
by that point in the spirit of
reconciliation and that an effort to
heal the nation's divisions the federal
government began to focus its efforts on
uniting the nation with the completion
of the Railway
the Union Pacific Railroad began laying
tracks Westward from Omaha Nebraska and
the Central Pacific Railroad began the
same undertaking eastwoods from
Sacramento California
six years after the groundbreaking the
two railroads conjoined on the 10th of
May 1869 at Promontory Summit Utah
territory when the last Spike was driven
in
travel time between the coasts was now
reduced from six months little over a
week
the development of the railroads were
also supplemented further by other
advances in technology such as the
telegraph the telephone and the
steamship all of which made it easier to
travel and communicate across the
country
further incentives to entice settlers to
move out west were made by the
government with the Homestead Act of
1862. this offered Parcels of federally
owned land for as little as 1.25 cents
per acre in the hope that any would-be
settler would buy up a large tract and
transform the uncultivated soil into
highly productive Farmland which could
then be used to support the ever-growing
nation
although the opening of the West
provided many with the opportunity to
better themselves through trade Commerce
or even striking it rich it also
provided some with a chance to acquire
wealth through more illicit means
due to the sheer vastness of the Open
Country and the sporadic settlements
that dotted it Law and Order was far
more difficult to establish and maintain
in the west than it was back east
knowing that there was little chance of
being caught and punished men such as
Jesse James Butch Cassidy and the
Sundance Kid turned to a life of crime
preying upon the poorly guarded stage
coaches trains and Banks across the
region
in order to combat The Reckless
criminality that occasionally plagued
the West lawmen were hired to track down
and bring the Justice those who were
wanted felons men like Wyatt Earp and
Pat Garrett as well as employees of the
Pinkerton detective agency became
Legends in the west as they attempted to
bring Law and Order to the violent and
dangerous Frontier
violence was by no means confined to the
newly established settlements as the
United States continued to expand by
absorbing the lands of the ever fewer
Native American nations that remained
those tribes that refused to willingly
give up their lands became increasingly
determined to make a stand and fight for
their way of life
peoples of the Sioux and Apache nations
in particular offered dogged resistance
to the United States which resulted in
conflicts such as the great Sioux war of
1876 and the Apache Wars of the 1880s
Native American leaders like Sitting
Bull and Crazy Horse were at times
successful in repelling the US Army like
at the Battle of the Little Bighorn
the Apache leader Geronimo similarly LED
bands of warriors on the warpath to
Ambush and raid American Targets in
Arizona and New Mexico
in order to combat the increasing threat
pose from hostile Native Americans the
federal government began to increase its
military presence across the frontier
with the construction of forts to house
American troops more permanently
ultimately however the overwhelming
technological and Military superiority
of the United States meant that the
remaining Native American peoples of the
West were subdued and forced to move
onto reservations to make way for more
settlers
the settlers themselves who are
migrating westwards were not a
homogenous group
as the 19th century progressed millions
of more Europeans began migrating to the
United States in search of a better life
which was free from religious
persecution political instability and
poverty
as they arrived in cities like New York
Philadelphia Boston and Baltimore the
population of the East Coast began to
explode and the numbers of urban poor in
overcrowded slums began to increase
over time these people looked beyond the
immediate ports of arrival and sought
opportunity elsewhere with the West
providing an alluring opportunity with
the offer of cheap land and a fresh
start
some nationalities were more represented
than others in the settlement of the
West with the Irish and Germans being
the most numerous to establish a new
home for themselves in these regions
additionally Chinese migration from
across the Pacific Ocean and into
California played a significant role in
the development of the United States
with many participating in the Gold Rush
as well as working on the construction
of the Central Pacific Railroad likewise
thousands of African Americans also
found the new home for themselves in the
west particularly after the conclusion
of the Civil War and abolition of
slavery
many found workers Cowboys working on
the trails from the 1860s to the 1880s
with as much as 25 percent of all
herders and ranchers during this period
being of African-American descent
American westward expansion was not
completely confined to the contiguous
continental United States in 1867 the
government purchased Alaska from Russia
though it remained a nominal territory
for decades and was visited only by fur
Trappers and rare Adventure Seekers
however in the late 1890s the Yukon Gold
Rush just over the Border in
Northwestern Canada brought the first
wave of extensive settlement to Alaska
with some 100 000 Prospectors journeying
to the Frozen far north of the country
in a somewhat different vein far out in
the Pacific Ocean American missionaries
had first begun arriving to the Hawaiian
islands in the late 1820s in an effort
to convert the natives to Christianity
over time American businessmen became
interested in the islands primarily on
account of the profits which could be
made from the fruit industry
it was these same business interests
which were supported by an aggressive
American foreign policy that began
interfering directly in the Kingdom of
Hawaii's politics in the early 1890s
which eventually led to the annexation
of the entire archipelago in 1898
as the 20th century Dawn the borders of
the United States could now be seen as
formally established and the vast
expanse of the frontier began to close
the rapid advances in technology and
mass influx of people in the second half
of the 19th century had made the
American West a much smaller space than
what it had been just a few Generations
before
Federal governmental control now
extended over the entire nation with the
Native Americans having reconciled
themselves to its rule or at least
begrudgingly accepted it in return for
compensation for the loss of their lands
the great Gold Silver and oil rushes
were also coming to an end and the focus
on Urban Development had begun to take
shape across the region from the
Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean
as the last territories were officially
converted into states with Oklahoma
being Incorporated in 1907 New Mexico
and Arizona following in 1912 and with
Alaska and Hawaii not receiving formal
statehood until as late as 1959 the
Western American frontier had finally
been tamed and the modern United States
began its next chapter to becoming the
greatest superpower the world has ever
seen
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