02 Ahmad Dwi Ary - Pilot Plant (PFD Distilasi Fraksinasi)

Summary

In this video, Ahmad Dwi Aris Hendratno explains the detailed process of distillation and fractionation, highlighting key equipment and instruments used throughout the procedure. He introduces essential tools and their codes, describes the step-by-step workflow including preparation of ethanol-water mixtures, pumping, homogenization, sample collection, and adjusting equipment. Safety measures and team coordination are emphasized for optimal operation. The video serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the technical aspects of distillation and fractionation, aimed at those interested in the subject of chemical engineering and process management.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video introduces the distillation process, specifically fractional distillation, starting with a brief introduction from Ahmad Dwi Aris Hendratno.
• 😀 The importance of liking, subscribing, and enabling notifications is mentioned to stay updated with the channel's content.
• 😀 Key equipment used in the process is introduced with specific codes (e.g., T1 for ethanol tank, W1 for the condenser).
• 😀 The process starts with creating a mixture of ethanol and water with a 20% ethanol concentration. If the concentration is too low, pure ethanol is added.
• 😀 Homogenization of the solution is done by circulating the mixture in the feed tank, ensuring consistency before analysis.
• 😀 Sample collection is crucial and must be done after the pump to avoid air entering and causing cavitation.
• 😀 The mixture is fed into the distillation column where several steps and valves are involved to control the process and maintain balance.
• 😀 Steam is introduced at a controlled rate to facilitate the distillation process, with specific temperature management using thermoguns.
• 😀 The distillate undergoes condensation and is collected in the distillate tank (T2), ensuring that 60% of the distillate is collected before reflex action begins.
• 😀 Reflex action involves circulating some of the product back into the distillation column to improve separation efficiency.
• 😀 Sampling is done at various stages (e.g., feed, distillate, bottom product) for mass and energy balance calculations, ensuring the process is efficient.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the distillation fractionation process described in the video?

The purpose of the distillation fractionation process is to separate ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water, achieving a desired concentration of ethanol in the final product.

What is the initial concentration of ethanol required for the process?

The initial concentration of ethanol required for the process is 20%. If the concentration is lower, pure ethanol is added to achieve the 20% concentration.

What are the main tools and instruments used in this distillation process?

The main tools and instruments include tanks (T1 for ethanol, T2 for distillate, T3C for repeller tank), condensers (W1), pumps (P2 for feed, P3 for circulation), and various valves for controlling the flow of the mixture and steam.

Why is the sample taken after the pump and not before?

The sample is taken after the pump to avoid air entering the pump, which could cause cavitation and disrupt the pump's function.

What is the role of the reflux in the distillation process?

The reflux is used to return a portion of the distillate back into the distillation column to enhance separation and improve the purity of the distillate by maintaining a specific vapor-to-liquid ratio.

What is the significance of controlling the steam flow to the preheater?

Controlling the steam flow to the preheater ensures that the temperature is maintained at 60-70°C, which is essential for proper distillation and preventing overheating of the fluid.

Why is it necessary to regulate the valve steam flow manually?

The valve steam flow is regulated manually to ensure the correct temperature and steam flow rate, which is crucial for maintaining the desired separation process in the distillation column.

What happens to the distillate after it passes through the condenser?

After the distillate passes through the condenser, it is cooled and collected in tank T2 in liquid form.

How is the mass and energy balance determined in this process?

The mass and energy balance is determined by taking samples of the feed, distillate, and bottom products, and recording temperature changes in various instruments like W1, W2, and W3. These measurements help calculate mass flow rates and energy usage.

What is the final step in the distillation fractionation process?

The final step involves taking the samples for mass and energy balance calculations and ensuring that the distillation process is operating efficiently and within the desired parameters.