Distilasi Azeotrop | Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri Sekolah Vokasi UNDIP

Summary

This video explains the process of azeotropic distillation for separating ethanol and water. The process begins with the fermentation of sugar into wine, followed by a two-step distillation to separate alcohol from water. Azeotropic distillation, using benzene as an entrainer, further purifies ethanol to 99.6%. The video covers the detailed steps of the process, including how the entrainer breaks the azeotrope, and how the resulting mixture is separated based on density. It also explains how benzene is recovered and reused, leaving behind pure ethanol. The explanation is thorough, highlighting key scientific principles and their application in ethanol production.

Takeaways

• 😀 Azeotropic mixtures consist of two or more components with strong bonds and similar boiling points that cannot be separated by regular distillation.
• 😀 Azeotropic distillation requires the addition of an entrainer, a substance that alters the volatility of one component to break the azeotrope.
• 😀 Benzene is commonly used as an entrainer to separate ethanol and water in azeotropic distillation.
• 😀 The fermentation process converts fruits, typically grapes, into wine, which contains ethanol and is the starting point for alcohol production.
• 😀 Carbon dioxide produced during fermentation is absorbed by water in an absorber column.
• 😀 The first stage of distillation separates alcohol from water, using a distillation column based on different boiling points of the components.
• 😀 The distillation process involves transferring mass and heat between the liquid and the vapor phase at each tray of the column.
• 😀 A second distillation column further purifies ethanol to a concentration of 94%, separating it from water.
• 😀 Azeotropic distillation is employed when the ethanol and water mixture forms a stable azeotrope, making them difficult to separate by regular distillation.
• 😀 In azeotropic distillation, benzene helps break the azeotrope, creating a ternary mixture with a lower boiling point for separation.
• 😀 After azeotropic distillation, ethanol is separated from the azeotropic mixture, resulting in nearly pure ethanol with a concentration of 99.6%.

Q & A

What is an azeotropic mixture?

An azeotropic mixture is a combination of two or more components that cannot be separated by simple distillation due to strong bonding and similar boiling points of the components.

What is the role of an entrainer in azeotropic distillation?

An entrainer, such as benzene, is added to the azeotropic mixture to break the strong bonds between the components, allowing them to separate during the distillation process.

How is ethanol produced in the distillation process?

Ethanol is produced through fermentation, where sugar from fruit or grains is converted into alcohol by yeast in a fermenter. The resulting product is a mixture of alcohol and water.

What happens in the first distillation column during ethanol separation?

In the first distillation column, the mixture of alcohol and water is heated, and based on their different boiling points, the components separate into lighter fractions that rise as vapor and heavier fractions that remain as liquid.

What is the purpose of the second distillation column?

The second distillation column further purifies ethanol, increasing its concentration to about 94%, by separating remaining water and ethanol based on their boiling points.

What role does the azeotropic distillation column play in ethanol purification?

The azeotropic distillation column, which includes the addition of benzene, separates ethanol and water that form an azeotrope, allowing the production of ethanol with a purity of 99.6%.

What is the function of a reboiler in the distillation process?

A reboiler heats the liquid mixture to generate vapor, which is then sent to the distillation column for further separation. It helps in creating the necessary temperature conditions for distillation.

What is the role of a condenser in the distillation process?

A condenser cools the vapor produced during distillation, converting it back into liquid form. This allows the separated components to be collected and further processed.

How does the absorption column help in the distillation process?

The absorption column is used to absorb carbon dioxide produced during fermentation, preventing its release into the atmosphere. Water is used as an absorbent in this process.

Why is benzene used as an entrainer in the azeotropic distillation of ethanol?

Benzene is used as an entrainer because it has a lower boiling point than ethanol and water, and it can form a ternary azeotrope with ethanol and water, facilitating the separation of ethanol with higher purity.