Pengantar Demografi #Pertemuan3 Part 4 END: RASIO KETERGANTUNGAN (DEPENDENCY RATIO) & SEX RATIO

Summary

This lecture on demographic introduction covers the concept of dependency ratio, which compares the non-productive population (children under 15 and elderly above 65) with the working-age population (15-64). The lecture explains how this ratio can indicate the economic condition of a country, with higher dependency ratios pointing to greater economic burden. The discussion also touches on Indonesia's demographic trends, including its relatively low dependency ratio and the impact of the Family Planning program. Additionally, the lecture briefly covers gender ratios, explaining how they influence social planning and development.

Takeaways

• 😀 The dependency ratio, also known as the 'dependensi rasio,' compares the non-productive population (children under 15 and elderly over 65) to the productive population (ages 15-64).
• 😀 A dependency ratio is categorized into 'young dependency ratio' (0-14 years) and 'old dependency ratio' (65+ years).
• 😀 The young dependency ratio is the proportion of the population aged 0-14 compared to the productive age population (15-64).
• 😀 The old dependency ratio compares the elderly population (65+) to the productive population (15-64).
• 😀 A higher dependency ratio indicates greater economic strain, as the working-age population supports more dependent individuals.
• 😀 Countries with a lower dependency ratio are generally in better economic health, as fewer people need to be supported by the workforce.
• 😀 The dependency ratio is crucial for understanding a country's development stage, distinguishing between developed and developing nations.
• 😀 Indonesia's low dependency ratio, caused by relatively fewer elderly and high youth population, reflects its current demographic structure.
• 😀 Japan faces economic challenges due to an aging population and a shrinking youth demographic, which affects its welfare state system.
• 😀 The demographic bonus occurs when the working-age population is larger than the dependent population, leading to economic growth potential.
• 😀 Gender ratios, calculated as the number of males per 100 females, are useful for understanding gender balance and informing gender-sensitive development policies.

Q & A

What is the definition of dependency ratio in demography?

The dependency ratio is the comparison between the population of non-productive age (0-14 years and 65 years and older) and the productive age population (15-64 years). It is used as an indicator of the economic burden on the working population.

How is the youth dependency ratio calculated?

The youth dependency ratio is calculated by dividing the number of people aged 0-14 years by the productive population (aged 15-64 years), then multiplying by 100.

What does a low dependency ratio indicate about a country’s economy?

A low dependency ratio suggests a smaller burden on the working-age population, indicating a potentially stronger economic position, as fewer people depend on those who are working.

What are the components of the total dependency ratio?

The total dependency ratio consists of the youth dependency ratio (0-14 years) and the elderly dependency ratio (65 years and older), relative to the working-age population (15-64 years).

How does the dependency ratio impact social services and economic growth?

A higher dependency ratio may strain social services and resources because a larger portion of the population is dependent on the working-age group. Conversely, a lower dependency ratio often signals greater potential for economic growth, as more people are contributing to the economy.

What is demographic bonus, and how does it relate to the dependency ratio?

Demographic bonus occurs when a country has a large proportion of its population in the working-age group (15-64 years). This reduces the dependency ratio, leading to more economic productivity, as there are more people contributing to the economy through work and taxes.

Why is the dependency ratio important for policy planning in a country?

The dependency ratio is important for policy planning because it helps governments assess the burden on working-age people and plan for necessary resources like social security, healthcare, and pension systems. It can indicate the level of economic development or challenges in a country.

How has Indonesia's dependency ratio changed from 1971 to 2010?

Indonesia's dependency ratio has decreased significantly from 86% in 1971 to 51.31% in 2010, primarily due to a decline in birth rates, driven by the success of family planning programs.

What is the sex ratio, and how is it calculated?

The sex ratio is the comparison between the number of males and females in a population. It is typically expressed as the number of males per 100 females, calculated by dividing the number of males by the number of females and multiplying by 100.

What is the significance of a sex ratio greater than 100?

A sex ratio greater than 100 indicates that there are more males than females in the population. This can occur in certain regions, such as those with industries requiring male labor (e.g., mining), or in areas where men migrate for work and women remain behind.