KEBIJAKAN FISKAL - Kebijakan Moneter dan Kebijakan Fiskal Part 2

Summary

This educational video focuses on fiscal policy, a key economic tool used by governments to manage national finances. It covers the definition, objectives, and forms of fiscal policy, including expansive and contractive policies. The video also explains fiscal policy instruments such as taxation, government spending, and government borrowing. Furthermore, it compares fiscal policy with monetary policy, highlighting their differences in execution, focus, and instruments. Finally, the video engages students with a quiz on fiscal-related terms. This lesson aims to provide a clear understanding of fiscal policy's role in managing a country's economy.

Takeaways

• 😀 Fiscal policy is an economic policy used by the government to manage state finances, focusing on revenue (taxes) and expenditure (government spending).
• 😀 The main goal of fiscal policy is to improve the nation's economic condition, increase job opportunities, maintain price stability, and ensure proper income distribution.
• 😀 Fiscal policy has two main types: expansive fiscal policy (increasing government spending and reducing taxes) and contractionary fiscal policy (decreasing spending and increasing taxes).
• 😀 Expansive fiscal policy is used during deflation or economic recession to stimulate economic activity by lowering taxes and increasing government expenditure.
• 😀 Contractionary fiscal policy is used during inflation to reduce the money supply by increasing taxes and cutting government spending.
• 😀 Fiscal policy instruments include taxation, government spending, and government loans (such as issuing government bonds).
• 😀 Taxation is the most effective instrument in fiscal policy, where governments adjust tax rates based on economic conditions to influence public spending and inflation.
• 😀 Government spending can be increased or decreased depending on whether the country is facing inflation or deflation, affecting the economic stability.
• 😀 Government borrowing, such as selling bonds, can help reduce inflation by absorbing excess money from the economy.
• 😀 There is a significant difference between fiscal policy and monetary policy: fiscal policy is managed by the finance ministry, while monetary policy is controlled by the central bank, focusing on money supply and interest rates.

Q & A

What is fiscal policy and what does it focus on?

Fiscal policy is an economic policy implemented by the government to manage state finances. It focuses on the management of state revenue and expenditure, which is detailed in the State Budget (APBN), specifically handling taxes and government spending.

What are the primary goals of fiscal policy?

The main goals of fiscal policy are: to improve the country's economic condition, increase employment opportunities, maintain price stability and control inflation, and improve the distribution of national income.

What are the two types of fiscal policy discussed in the video?

The two types of fiscal policy are: expansionary fiscal policy, which increases government spending and reduces taxes to stimulate the economy during deflation or recession, and contractionary fiscal policy, which reduces government spending and increases taxes to control inflation.

How does expansionary fiscal policy work?

Expansionary fiscal policy works by increasing government spending and lowering taxes to stimulate economic activity, especially when the economy is in deflation or recession.

How does contractionary fiscal policy address inflation?

Contractionary fiscal policy addresses inflation by decreasing government spending and increasing taxes. This reduces the amount of money circulating in the economy, helping to curb inflation.

What are the main instruments of fiscal policy?

The primary instruments of fiscal policy include taxation systems, government spending, and government borrowing, such as the issuance of state bonds.

How does taxation function as an instrument of fiscal policy?

Taxation is a key instrument of fiscal policy. The government can adjust tax rates to either increase or decrease the amount of money circulating in the economy, depending on whether the economy is experiencing inflation or deflation.

What role does government spending play in fiscal policy?

Government spending is used to either stimulate or slow down the economy. In times of deflation, increased government spending can help boost economic activity, while in times of inflation, reducing government spending can help control excessive economic growth.

What is the role of government borrowing in fiscal policy?

Government borrowing, often through the sale of state bonds, is used as an instrument in fiscal policy to control inflation. When the government issues bonds, it reduces the money circulating in the economy, helping to limit inflation.

How do fiscal and monetary policies differ?

Fiscal policy involves government management of national finances, including taxes and spending, and is typically implemented by the Ministry of Finance. Monetary policy, on the other hand, is conducted by the central bank to manage the money supply and interest rates, with the goal of stabilizing the economy.