Kewarganegaraan Indonesia? Apa itu?

Summary

This video explains the concept of citizenship in Indonesia, focusing on the essence and key aspects of nationality. It outlines the rights and obligations of citizens, the different systems of citizenship, such as Ius Soli and Ius Sanguinis, and how citizenship status can be acquired or lost. The video also covers the historical development of Indonesian citizenship laws and the significance of the 2006 Citizenship Law, which emphasizes equality, gender protection, and the process of naturalization. The content is aimed at providing a clear understanding of the legal framework surrounding Indonesian citizenship.

Takeaways

• 😀 Citizenship in Indonesia involves a reciprocal relationship between the citizens and the state, with both having rights and obligations.
• 😀 The definition of a citizen includes both native-born Indonesians and foreigners who are legally recognized as citizens by law.
• 😀 There are two main principles of citizenship in Indonesia: Ius Soli (citizenship by place of birth) and Ius Sanguinis (citizenship by descent).
• 😀 A person can be an Apatride (stateless) if they are born in a country with Ius Soli but have parents who follow Ius Sanguinis.
• 😀 A person can also be a Bipatrid (dual citizen) if they are born in a country with Ius Soli to parents who have Ius Sanguinis citizenship.
• 😀 Citizenship status in Indonesia is determined through two systems: the Active System (citizens must apply) and the Passive System (citizenship is automatic).
• 😀 The history of Indonesian citizenship laws has evolved significantly, with key changes occurring in 1946, 1949, 1958, and 2006.
• 😀 Law No. 12/2006 is the current governing law for Indonesian citizenship and reflects the principles of non-discrimination, gender equality, and human rights.
• 😀 The naturalization process in Indonesia requires the applicant to be at least 18 years old, have resided in Indonesia for at least 5 years, and meet other conditions.
• 😀 Indonesian citizenship can be lost if a person acquires a foreign nationality, voluntarily renounces their citizenship, or lives outside the country for an extended period.

Q & A

What is the definition of citizenship in Indonesia?

Citizenship (warga negara) in Indonesia refers to individuals who are part of the state, with mutual obligations between the citizen and the state. Citizens owe duties to the country, and the country has duties toward them.

What are the two main principles of citizenship in Indonesia?

The two main principles of citizenship in Indonesia are Ius Soli (citizenship based on the place of birth) and Ius Sanguinis (citizenship based on the nationality of the parents).

What is the meaning of Apatride and when does it occur?

Apatride refers to statelessness, where an individual does not have citizenship due to conflicting citizenship principles, such as being born in a country that follows Ius Soli, while their parents are from a country following Ius Sanguinis.

What is Bipatride and when does it occur?

Bipatride refers to dual citizenship, where an individual holds citizenship from two different countries, occurring when a person has Ius Sanguinis from their parents and Ius Soli from their country of birth.

What are the two methods used by the government to determine citizenship status in Indonesia?

The government uses two methods: the active system (where an individual must apply for citizenship) and the passive system (where citizenship is automatically granted).

How did the Indonesian citizenship laws evolve historically?

Historically, Indonesian citizenship laws have evolved from the colonial era (which divided the population into Europeans, Eastern foreigners, and indigenous groups) to post-independence laws, and several reforms have been made, including changes in 1946, 1958, 1969, and 2006, aligning with the national and international demands for equality and human rights.

What is the significance of Law No. 12 of 2006 in Indonesia?

Law No. 12 of 2006 reformed Indonesia's citizenship system to align with the amended 1945 Constitution, ensuring compliance with national interests, human rights, gender equality, and non-discrimination. It introduced significant principles, including single nationality, limited dual nationality for children, and non-discriminatory practices.

What are the key principles outlined in Law No. 12 of 2006?

Key principles in Law No. 12 of 2006 include Ius Sanguinis, limited Ius Soli for children, single nationality, limited dual nationality, gender equality, non-discrimination, and protection of children. It also emphasizes national interests and human rights.

What criteria must be met for an individual to naturalize and become an Indonesian citizen?

To naturalize as an Indonesian citizen, an individual must be at least 18 years old, have lived in Indonesia for 5 years, be free from criminal records, and declare loyalty to Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

What happens when an individual loses Indonesian citizenship?

An individual loses Indonesian citizenship if they acquire foreign citizenship, join a foreign government service, pledge loyalty to a foreign nation, or reside outside Indonesia for more than 5 years.