PPKn KELAS X - Kedudukan Warga Negara dan Penduduk Indonesia

Summary

In this educational video, Ester Feni discusses the concepts of citizens, residents, and population in Indonesia, highlighting the distinction between citizens and non-citizens. She explains the legal framework governing Indonesian nationality, focusing on the principles of jus soli and jus sanguinis. The video covers key aspects like dual nationality, naturalization processes, and conditions under which a person can lose their Indonesian citizenship. Ester also clarifies the specific criteria for obtaining Indonesian citizenship, including regular and special naturalization. The lesson offers an insightful look into Indonesia's laws on nationality and citizenship, with examples to illustrate these concepts.

Takeaways

• 😀 A country needs a territory, government, and citizens to exist.
• 😀 The term 'citizen' refers to someone who is legally a member of a country, while a 'resident' refers to anyone living in the country, regardless of nationality.
• 😀 There is a difference between citizens and foreign nationals. Citizens are recognized members of the state, while foreign nationals are not.
• 😀 Indonesian nationality law is governed by Law No. 12/2006, which outlines who can be considered an Indonesian citizen.
• 😀 There are two main principles for determining nationality: ius soli (based on place of birth) and ius sanguinis (based on parental nationality).
• 😀 Ius soli grants citizenship based on the place of birth, while ius sanguinis grants citizenship based on the nationality of the parents.
• 😀 The concept of statelessness (apatride) occurs when someone has no recognized nationality, such as a child born in a country that doesn't recognize their parents' nationality.
• 😀 Bipatride refers to having dual nationality, and multipatride refers to having multiple nationalities.
• 😀 Indonesia follows the ius sanguinis principle for citizenship, meaning a person’s citizenship is determined by their parents’ nationality, with some limited exceptions for ius soli.
• 😀 Indonesia does not allow dual citizenship, but limited dual nationality applies for children with one Indonesian parent and one foreign parent, with the child allowed to choose their nationality at a certain age.

Q & A

What defines a 'resident' in the context of the transcript?

A resident is defined as a person who legally resides in a country, whether or not they intend to stay permanently. This is distinct from a visitor or foreign national who is not planning to settle.

What is the difference between a 'citizen' and a 'resident' in Indonesia?

A citizen (warga negara) is someone who is legally recognized as a member of a country, while a resident (penduduk) refers to anyone living in the country, which could include both citizens and foreign nationals.

What does the term 'foreign national' mean in the transcript?

A foreign national refers to someone who is not a citizen of the country and is often referred to as an 'alien' or 'foreigner'. They may reside temporarily in the country but are not legally considered citizens.

What is the legal basis for Indonesian citizenship according to the transcript?

Indonesian citizenship is primarily governed by the principle of 'ius sanguinis' (citizenship by descent), meaning that a person inherits the citizenship of their parents. There is also a limited application of 'ius soli' (citizenship by birthplace) under certain conditions.

What are the two main principles of citizenship used globally?

The two main principles of citizenship are 'ius sanguinis' (citizenship by descent, based on the nationality of the parents) and 'ius soli' (citizenship by birthright, based on the location of birth).

How does Indonesia handle dual nationality?

Indonesia does not allow dual nationality. Indonesian citizens cannot hold dual citizenship, although there is a limited allowance for dual nationality for children born to one Indonesian parent and one foreign parent, who can choose their nationality at a certain age.

What is the difference between 'apatride', 'bipatride', and 'multipatride' statuses?

An 'apatride' is someone who has no citizenship. A 'bipatride' holds dual citizenship, while a 'multipatride' has more than two nationalities.

What is the process of 'naturalization' in Indonesia?

Naturalization in Indonesia is the legal process by which a foreigner can become a citizen. It can be ordinary or special, with ordinary naturalization requiring residency and certain criteria like age, language proficiency, and knowledge of the country's laws.

What is 'naturalization special' in Indonesia, and who is eligible?

Special naturalization is granted to individuals who have made significant contributions to the country, such as foreign athletes or experts who are important for national interests. This type of naturalization requires approval from the Indonesian Parliament (DPR).

Under what circumstances can an individual lose their Indonesian citizenship?

An individual can lose Indonesian citizenship if they voluntarily acquire another nationality, join a foreign military without the President’s permission, or make an oath of allegiance to a foreign country. Other reasons include obtaining a foreign passport and failing to renounce foreign nationality when required.