Membuat Fullgrade Bioetanol dari Singkong | Mulai Tahap Fermentasi, Destilasi sampai Dehidrasi

Summary

This video demonstrates the process of producing bioethanol from cassava starch, showcasing the steps of extraction, fermentation, distillation, and dehydration. The cassava is grated, water is added to extract the starch, and fermentation occurs using yeast, typically taking 3-5 days. After fermentation, distillation separates ethanol from water. The ethanol is then purified through dehydration with limestone or zeolite. A second distillation process refines the ethanol to a high grade. The final ethanol burns easily, and the video emphasizes the steps involved in achieving a clean, full-grade ethanol product from cassava starch.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia has the largest biodiversity in the world, which includes a significant potential for biomass like bioethanol.
• 😀 Bioethanol is a renewable fuel derived from plants that produce sugar or starch, such as cassava, sugarcane, and corn.
• 😀 The process of making bioethanol from cassava begins with peeling, cleaning, and grating the cassava to extract the starch.
• 😀 Water is added to the grated cassava to facilitate the extraction of starch, making the process easier.
• 😀 After extracting the starch, it is cooked until it thickens, forming a paste-like substance.
• 😀 The paste is allowed to cool, and then yeast is added to ferment the starch. Yeast commonly used in making traditional fermented cassava (tape) is employed.
• 😀 Fermentation takes 3-5 days, and the starch transforms into a liquid that will be used for distillation.
• 😀 Distillation separates ethanol from the liquid at temperatures between 78-79°C, which is the boiling point of ethanol.
• 😀 After around 12 hours of distillation, 350ml of ethanol is produced, with a purity of around 90-95%.
• 😀 To further purify the ethanol to 99.5%, it undergoes dehydration by soaking it with limestone or zeolite in a 7:3 ratio.
• 😀 A second distillation is performed to remove residual limestone and further purify the ethanol, resulting in clear, full-grade ethanol.
• 😀 Ethanol from the second distillation burns easily, while the ethanol from the first distillation, containing more water, is harder to ignite.

Q & A

What is bioethanol, and how is it used in Indonesia?

Bioethanol is a renewable fuel made from plants that produce sugar or starch, such as sugarcane, corn, cassava, and wheat. In Indonesia, it is used as a sustainable energy source and has the potential to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

What raw material is used to produce bioethanol in the process described in the video?

The process in the video uses cassava as the raw material to produce bioethanol.

What is the first step in preparing cassava for bioethanol production?

The first step is peeling and cleaning the cassava to prepare it for processing.

Why is water added to the grated cassava during the process?

Water is added to make it easier to extract the starch from the grated cassava.

What is the purpose of fermentation in the bioethanol production process?

Fermentation is used to convert the starch in cassava into liquid, which will later be distilled to extract ethanol.

How long does the fermentation process typically take?

The fermentation process typically takes 3 to 5 days.

What is the next step after fermentation to extract ethanol?

After fermentation, the liquid is separated from the solid residue, and distillation is carried out to extract ethanol.

At what temperature is the distillation process conducted, and why?

Distillation is conducted at a temperature between 78-79°C, which is the boiling point of ethanol, to separate it from water.

What is the role of dehydration in the bioethanol production process?

Dehydration is used to purify the ethanol and increase its concentration to 99.5%, by removing water still present in the ethanol after distillation.

What method is used for dehydration in the video, and how is it done?

Dehydration is done by soaking the ethanol in limestone or zeolite in a 7:3 ratio, for about one hour, to remove excess water from the ethanol.

What happens during the second distillation step, and how does it differ from the first distillation?

The second distillation step is used to further purify the ethanol. A filter with limestone is used to remove any remaining impurities from the vapor. Unlike the first distillation, this step ensures the ethanol is clear and of full grade quality.

How can you tell if the ethanol is fully purified?

The purified ethanol will burn easily, while ethanol from the first distillation will not burn as readily due to the presence of water.