Bagaimana Cara Produksi Energi Geotermal Ketika Suhu Panas Bumi 6.000 Celsius! | DW Business

Summary

The video explains geothermal energy, highlighting how the Earth's extreme heat, sourced from deep within the planet, can be harnessed to generate power. It describes the process of drilling into the Earth, using water heated to over 160°C to create steam that drives turbines to generate electricity. It also discusses using lower temperatures for heating buildings. Despite its potential, geothermal energy faces challenges like finding suitable rock layers, environmental risks, and public opposition. While geothermal energy production remains underutilized globally, it offers significant untapped potential for clean energy.

Takeaways

• 😀 Geothermal energy is derived from extreme heat beneath the Earth's surface, reaching up to 6000°C at the core.
• 😀 The heat stored deep within the Earth can be harnessed for energy through drilling, with water heated to 160°C being turned into steam to drive turbines.
• 😀 The steam generated from geothermal energy can be used to produce electricity, while water below 90°C can be used for building heating systems.
• 😀 After releasing its heat, the water is returned to the Earth's layers via a separate pipe to continue the cycle of geothermal energy production.
• 😀 Finding the right type of rock layers that can conduct water for geothermal energy can be challenging.
• 😀 The drilling process requires the use of chemicals, and the pressure applied to the rock layers may lead to risks such as landslides or small earthquakes.
• 😀 Concerns about landslides, environmental pollution, and damage to homes have led to movements against geothermal projects in some countries.
• 😀 In some regions, movements against geothermal energy projects have successfully halted or slowed their development.
• 😀 Geothermal energy closer to the Earth's surface is considered safer, with drilling only required up to 400 meters deep to provide sufficient heat for homes.
• 😀 Through heat exchangers, geothermal energy can be transferred into refrigerants, which can then be used for cooling or heating purposes.
• 😀 Despite its potential, geothermal energy still represents a very small fraction of global energy production, with only about half a percent being utilized.

Q & A

What is geothermal energy?

Geothermal energy is the heat stored beneath the Earth's surface. This heat comes from the extreme temperatures inside the Earth, which can reach up to 6000 degrees Celsius in the core.

How is geothermal energy harnessed to produce electricity?

Geothermal energy is harnessed by drilling deep into the Earth, typically around 4000 meters deep, to access water that is heated to high temperatures. The hot water turns into steam, which drives a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity.

Can geothermal energy be used for heating buildings?

Yes, geothermal energy can be used to heat buildings. Water heated to 90 degrees Celsius is used for district heating systems, which can warm up buildings.

What happens to the water after it has been used for geothermal energy production?

After the water has released its heat, it is returned to the Earth's crust through a separate pipe to continue the geothermal cycle.

What challenges are associated with geothermal energy production?

Challenges include finding the right rock formations that can conduct water, the risk of triggering small earthquakes or landslides during drilling, and the potential environmental pollution from chemicals used in drilling.

Why is there opposition to geothermal energy projects in some countries?

Opposition arises due to the environmental risks such as landslides, pollution, and small earthquakes, which can lead to damage to homes and communities.

How deep do geothermal wells typically need to be drilled?

Geothermal wells are typically drilled around 4000 meters deep to access hot water capable of generating electricity, although shallower wells can be used for heating purposes.

How does a heat exchanger work in geothermal heating systems?

In geothermal heating systems, a heat exchanger transfers geothermal energy into a refrigerant with a low boiling point. The refrigerant evaporates, and the vapor is compressed in a compressor, transferring heat into the building’s heating system.

Can geothermal energy produce electricity through heat exchangers?

No, heat exchangers used in geothermal systems cannot produce electricity. They are typically used for heating and cooling purposes but do not have the capability to generate power.

What is the current global use of geothermal energy for electricity production?

Globally, geothermal energy accounts for only about half a percent of total electricity production, indicating that much of its potential remains untapped.