IKATAN KIMIA : IKATAN KOVALEN KOORDINASI | KIMIA SMA KELAS 10

Summary

This script explains the concept of covalent bonds, particularly focusing on covalent coordination bonds. It describes how atoms share electron pairs to achieve stability, following the octet rule. The video introduces examples like NH₄⁺ (ammonium), BF₃-NH₃ (boron trifluoride-ammonia), and SO₃ (sulfur trioxide) to illustrate how coordination bonds are formed when one atom donates a lone pair of electrons to another. The script also explains how Lewis structures and arrows are used to represent these coordination bonds, helping atoms attain stable electron configurations.

Takeaways

• 😀 Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electron pairs to achieve stability, similar to noble gas electron configurations.
• 😀 In molecules like HCl, hydrogen and chlorine form a single covalent bond by sharing one electron each.
• 😀 Oxygen molecules (O2) form a double covalent bond by sharing two electrons from each oxygen atom.
• 😀 Nitrogen molecules (N2) form a triple covalent bond by sharing three electrons from each nitrogen atom.
• 😀 Covalent coordination bonds occur when electron pairs are shared by only one atom, with the other atom not contributing any electrons.
• 😀 For a coordination bond to form, one atom must have a lone pair of electrons, which can be donated to another atom.
• 😀 An example of a covalent coordination bond is seen in the ammonium ion (NH4+), where NH3 donates an electron pair to H+.
• 😀 The arrow notation in covalent coordination bonds points from the atom providing the electron pair to the atom accepting it.
• 😀 In the case of NH3 and BF3, NH3 donates its lone pair of electrons to boron, forming a coordination bond and completing boron's octet.
• 😀 The sulfur trioxide (SO3) molecule features coordination bonds where sulfur provides lone pairs to oxygen atoms, forming double and coordination bonds.

Q & A

What is a covalent bond?

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons to achieve stability, often resembling the electron configuration of a noble gas.

How is a single covalent bond formed?

A single covalent bond is formed when two atoms, such as hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl), each share one of their valence electrons, resulting in a stable configuration.

What is the difference between a single, double, and triple covalent bond?

A single covalent bond involves one shared electron pair, a double bond involves two shared pairs, and a triple bond involves three shared pairs of electrons between atoms.

What is a coordinate covalent bond?

A coordinate covalent bond is a type of covalent bond where both electrons in the bond come from the same atom, while the other atom does not contribute any electrons.

Can you provide an example of a coordinate covalent bond?

An example is the ammonium ion (NH4+), where nitrogen donates a pair of electrons to bond with a hydrogen ion (H+), creating a coordinate covalent bond.

What are the conditions for a coordinate covalent bond to occur?

A coordinate covalent bond can only occur if one of the atoms has a lone pair of electrons, which can be donated to another atom that does not have any valence electrons to share.

How is the formation of NH4+ explained?

In NH3, nitrogen has a lone pair of electrons. When NH3 bonds with H+, the nitrogen donates its lone pair to form a coordinate covalent bond, resulting in the NH4+ ion.

What is the symbol used to represent a coordinate covalent bond?

A coordinate covalent bond is represented by an arrow (→) pointing from the atom donating the electrons to the atom accepting the electrons.

How is the molecule BF3 related to coordinate covalent bonding?

In BF3, boron has only 6 valence electrons after bonding with fluorine atoms. It can achieve a stable octet by forming a coordinate covalent bond with NH3, where NH3 donates a lone pair of electrons.

What is the structure of SO3 and how does coordinate covalent bonding occur in it?

In SO3, sulfur can form double bonds with two oxygen atoms to achieve stability. The remaining oxygen atoms can form coordinate covalent bonds with sulfur, where sulfur donates electrons to these oxygens.