Anatomi Panggul beserta ukurannya

Summary

This video provides an in-depth explanation of pelvic anatomy, focusing on both its bony structure and soft tissue components. The pelvis is made up of four main bones: the hip bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis), sacrum, and coccyx. Key anatomical landmarks, such as the iliac crest and ischial tuberosity, are highlighted. The video also explores pelvic measurements that are critical for understanding its size and function, particularly in childbirth. The explanation of these measurements—pelvic inlet, midpelvis, and outlet—offers valuable insights into the pelvis's role in supporting the body and facilitating labor.

Takeaways

• 😀 The pelvis consists of two parts: a hard part made of bones and a soft part made of muscles and ligaments.
• 😀 The bony pelvis is made up of four bones: the two hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx.
• 😀 The hip bones (os coxae) consist of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which are connected in the pelvis.
• 😀 The iliac crest has several prominent features, including the anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, and posterior superior iliac spine.
• 😀 The pelvis is also defined by the sacrum, which has five fused vertebrae and forms part of the posterior structure of the pelvic cavity.
• 😀 The coccyx, or tailbone, consists of 3-5 fused vertebrae and can move slightly during childbirth to increase the pelvic outlet size.
• 😀 The pelvic inlet is oval-shaped, and its dimensions are critical for determining the size of the pelvic cavity during childbirth.
• 😀 The pelvic cavity is divided into the greater and lesser pelvis, with the linea terminalis marking the boundary between the two.
• 😀 The pelvic outlet has key dimensions, including the anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, and the sacral oblique diameter, all important for assessing pelvic size for delivery.
• 😀 The pelvic bones and structures, including the ischial spines and the sacrum, help form the boundaries of the pelvic inlet and outlet, which are essential for childbirth passage.

Q & A

What are the two main parts that make up the human pelvis?

The human pelvis consists of two main parts: the bony pelvis and the soft tissues (muscles and ligaments).

Which bones form the bony pelvis, and how are they classified?

The bony pelvis is made up of four main bones: the ilium, ischium, pubis, and coccyx. The ilium forms the upper part, the ischium forms the lower back, and the pubis forms the front part of the pelvis.

What is the significance of the iliac crest in pelvic anatomy?

The iliac crest is the upper ridge of the ilium and serves as a key landmark for identifying pelvic bones. It also provides attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

What are the key features of the pubic bone in the pelvis?

The pubic bone includes the pubic symphysis, which is the joint connecting the two pubic bones, and the obturator foramen, a large hole in the pelvis. The pubis also has the superior and inferior pubic rami.

How does the coccyx contribute to the anatomy of the pelvis during childbirth?

The coccyx, or tailbone, can be slightly displaced backward during childbirth, increasing the size of the pelvic outlet and allowing for easier passage of the baby.

What are the main dimensions of the pelvic inlet, and why are they important?

The pelvic inlet's dimensions are the anteroposterior diameter (11 cm), transverse diameter (12.5 cm for Indonesians and 13.5 cm for Europeans), and oblique diameter (13 cm). These measurements are important in determining whether the pelvis is adequate for childbirth.

What is the role of the pelvic outlet in childbirth?

The pelvic outlet is the lower opening of the pelvis, and its size is crucial during childbirth. It must be large enough to allow the baby to pass through. Key measurements of the outlet include the sagittal and transverse diameters.

What is the clinical significance of the sacral promontory in pelvic measurements?

The sacral promontory is an important landmark located at the top of the sacrum, and it helps define the borders of the pelvic inlet. It is used to measure the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet.

How do the dimensions of the midpelvis differ from the pelvic inlet and outlet?

The midpelvis, or narrowest part of the pelvis, has specific measurements that are typically smaller than those of the pelvic inlet and outlet. It is a critical region in assessing the passage of the baby during labor.

What is the significance of the ischial spines in pelvic measurements?

The ischial spines are prominent bony landmarks located on the ischium. They are used to measure the transverse diameter of the pelvic outlet and play an important role in assessing the space available for the baby during delivery.