DocTalk Ep 188 - Embryo Transfer

Summary

In this episode of DocTalk, Dr. Dan Thompson and Dr. Joel Anderson discuss the ins and outs of embryo transfer for cattle. They cover key statistics on embryo production and success rates, emphasizing the variability in outcomes based on biological systems. The episode explores best practices for synchronizing cows, transferring embryos, and optimizing pregnancy rates, including the benefits of fresh versus frozen embryos. With insights into re-synchronization techniques and managing commercial herds, the hosts provide valuable tips for ranchers looking to maximize their herd’s reproductive efficiency.

Takeaways

• 😀 Colostrix, a bovine colostrum supplement, helps prevent failure of passive transfer in newborn calves, ensuring they receive vital antibodies against diseases like E. coli K99.
• 😀 The Better Horses Radio Show, hosted by Ernie Rodina and Don Dawson, covers topics such as horses, cattle, health, and interviews with trainers and experts.
• 😀 Enroflox 100 (brand name of enrofloxacin) is approved for single-dose treatment and control of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), using the same active ingredient as Batrol 100.
• 😀 The Beef Quality Assurance Program, supported by the Kansas Beef Council, focuses on improving animal care and beef safety for over 20 years.
• 😀 Embryo transfer in cattle allows breeders to generate multiple pregnancies from high-quality donor cows, typically yielding 6-8 viable embryos per collection.
• 😀 Success rates for embryo transfer vary, but frozen embryo transfers typically result in a 50-60% pregnancy rate, while fresh embryo transfers have a higher success rate of 60-70%.
• 😀 For commercial cattle producers, a goal is to have 50% of calves born in a single transfer event be the result of embryo transfer (ET).
• 😀 Synchronization of cows is crucial for efficient embryo transfer, with most cows being synchronized to a 90% heat detection rate and about 80-90% successfully receiving embryos.
• 😀 Re-synchronization of cows after failed embryo transfer allows for multiple transfer events within the same year, potentially leading to higher ET calf production.
• 😀 Dr. Dan Thompson from Kansas State University emphasizes the importance of collaboration with local veterinarians for successful embryo transfer and overall herd management.

Q & A

What is embryo transfer (ET) in beef cattle and why is it important?

Embryo transfer (ET) is a process in which embryos are collected from a donor cow and then transferred to a recipient cow to produce offspring. It is important because it allows farmers to propagate superior genetics in their herd, improving the overall quality of the cattle, particularly in seedstock operations. ET also helps commercial herds by offering access to high-quality genetics without having to buy expensive bulls.

What is the typical success rate for embryo collection in beef cattle?

On average, a donor cow will produce 6-8 viable embryos per collection. Some cows can produce as many as 20-30 embryos, depending on various factors like the cow's health and genetics.

How does the success rate differ between fresh and frozen embryo transfers?

For frozen embryos, the pregnancy success rate is around 50-60%, while fresh embryos have a higher success rate of 60-70%. Fresh embryos tend to perform better due to not undergoing the cryopreservation process, which can sometimes reduce viability.

What is the goal of embryo transfer programs for commercial beef producers?

The goal is to achieve at least 50% of the calves born from embryo transfer in one transfer event. This involves synchronizing cows, ensuring a high rate of estrus, and transferring embryos to a large percentage of cows, with the hope that 50-60% of those transfers will result in live calves.

How does synchronization play a role in embryo transfer success?

Synchronization is crucial for ensuring that recipient cows are in the right stage of estrus when embryos are transferred. Proper synchronization increases the likelihood that the recipient cows will accept the embryo and carry it to term.

What is the typical process involved in embryo transfer from the donor cow?

The process begins with hormone treatments to synchronize the donor cow’s estrous cycle. Afterward, artificial insemination (AI) is used to fertilize the eggs. Embryos are then collected seven days later. The embryos are evaluated for quality and either transferred fresh or frozen for later use.

How do commercial producers benefit from embryo transfer?

Commercial producers can improve the genetic quality of their herds by using embryos from superior genetics. By partnering with seedstock producers, they can access these embryos, leading to improved performance, higher-quality calves, and increased profitability.

What is a cooperator herd, and how does it relate to embryo transfer?

A cooperator herd is a commercial herd that partners with a seedstock operation to use high-quality embryos in their cattle. These herds often receive embryos from superior genetics, and the resulting calves may be sold back to the seedstock operation or marketed directly, adding value to the producer's herd.

What are some of the challenges associated with embryo transfer?

Some challenges include the variability in embryo production from donor cows, the technical complexity of the process, the need for synchronization, and the potential costs involved. Additionally, pregnancy rates can fluctuate based on factors such as the quality of the embryos, handling procedures, and the health of the recipient cows.

What is the role of ultrasound in embryo transfer programs?

Ultrasound is used to confirm pregnancy in recipient cows after the embryos are transferred. If a cow does not become pregnant, it allows for early identification, and the cow can be re-synchronized for another transfer. Regular ultrasounds also help monitor the success of the transfer and ensure timely interventions.