"CARA MUDAH MEMAHAMI SIKLUS AKUNTANSI PERUSAHAAN DAGANG "

Summary

In this video, the host Nabila Nasib Anisa explains the accounting cycle for trading companies, highlighting key differences between trading and service companies. She covers various aspects such as journals, ledgers, and financial reporting, including the sales, purchase, and cash transaction journals unique to trading companies. The video also details the steps of the accounting cycle: recording transactions, summarizing data, and reporting financial statements. Nabila wraps up by discussing the preparation of financial statements such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, as well as the process of closing entries and adjusting balances.

Takeaways

• 😀 **Service vs Trading Companies**: Service companies only use a general journal, while trading companies use a general journal and four special journals (purchases, sales, cash receipts, and cash payments).
• 😀 **Types of Special Journals in Trading Companies**: Trading companies utilize special journals for credit purchases, credit sales, cash receipts, and cash payments to track specific transactions.
• 😀 **Ledgers in Trading Companies**: Trading companies maintain a general ledger and subsidiary ledgers (accounts payable, accounts receivable) for more detailed tracking of accounts.
• 😀 **Recording Transactions**: The first stage of the accounting cycle involves recording transactions using evidence such as receipts and invoices to ensure accuracy in financial reporting.
• 😀 **Classifying Transactions**: After recording, transactions are classified in the general ledger and subsidiary ledgers, helping to organize the financial data for easier analysis.
• 😀 **Summarizing and Adjusting Entries**: The summarizing stage includes preparing trial balances, making adjustment entries to reflect accurate financial status, and preparing adjusted trial balances.
• 😀 **Creating Financial Statements**: The financial reporting phase includes preparing the income statement, statement of changes in equity, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and notes to the financial statements.
• 😀 **Income Statement**: The income statement reports the company's revenues and expenses, helping to determine if the company made a profit or loss during the period.
• 😀 **Balance Sheet**: The balance sheet displays the company's assets, liabilities, and equity, showing its financial position at a specific point in time.
• 😀 **Closing and Reversing Entries**: At the end of the period, companies perform closing entries to transfer temporary account balances, followed by reversing entries to undo adjustments made in the previous period, preparing for the next period.
• 😀 **Cash Flow Statement**: The cash flow statement provides insights into the company's cash inflows and outflows, ensuring the balance matches the cash amounts reported in the balance sheet.

Q & A

What is the primary difference between a service company and a trading company in terms of accounting?

The main difference is that a service company only uses a General Journal, while a trading company uses a General Journal plus four special journals: Purchase, Sales, Cash Receipts, and Cash Disbursements journals.

What are the four special journals used by trading companies?

The four special journals used by trading companies are: 1) Purchase Journal (for credit purchases), 2) Sales Journal (for credit sales), 3) Cash Receipts Journal (for cash received), and 4) Cash Disbursements Journal (for cash payments).

How do the ledgers differ between service and trading companies?

Service companies have only a General Ledger, while trading companies have both a General Ledger and Subsidiary Ledgers. Subsidiary Ledgers include Accounts Payable and Accounts Receivable ledgers.

What is the first step in the accounting cycle for a trading company?

The first step in the accounting cycle is the recording stage, where all transactions are documented using proof documents like invoices, receipts, and other supporting records.

Why is the summarizing stage important in the accounting cycle?

The summarizing stage is important because it helps organize transaction data into a trial balance, which aids in identifying any discrepancies and making necessary adjustments before preparing the final financial reports.

What financial statements are prepared at the reporting stage?

At the reporting stage, the financial statements prepared are: 1) Income Statement (Laporan Laba Rugi), 2) Statement of Changes in Equity (Laporan Perubahan Modal), 3) Balance Sheet (Neraca), 4) Cash Flow Statement (Laporan Arus Kas), and 5) Notes to Financial Statements (Catatan Atas Laporan Keuangan).

What does the Income Statement show?

The Income Statement shows a company's revenue and expenses over a specific period, helping to determine if the company made a profit or incurred a loss.

What is the purpose of the Statement of Changes in Equity?

The Statement of Changes in Equity shows the changes in the company's equity during a specific period, including the starting equity, any profits or losses, and other changes such as additional investments or dividends.

How does the Balance Sheet relate to the basic accounting equation?

The Balance Sheet displays the company's assets, liabilities, and equity, which reflect the basic accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity. It provides a snapshot of the company's financial position at a specific point in time.

What is the function of the Cash Flow Statement?

The Cash Flow Statement details the sources and uses of cash during a period, explaining how cash is generated (operating activities, investing, and financing) and how it is spent, ensuring the cash balance aligns with the one shown on the Balance Sheet.