Perjanjian Roem Royen - Sejarah Singkat dan Hasil Perjanjian Roem Royen

Summary

The Roem-Royen Agreement, signed on April 14, 1949, marked a pivotal moment in Indonesia's independence struggle. The negotiations, led by Merle Cochran for the UN Commission, Mohammad Roem for Indonesia, and Van Royen for the Netherlands, resulted in Indonesia halting its guerrilla warfare and agreeing to participate in the Round Table Conference (KMB) in The Hague. The agreement led to the return of Indonesian sovereignty, the withdrawal of Dutch forces from Yogyakarta, and the release of political prisoners. The event played a critical role in Indonesia’s path to becoming the Republic of Indonesia within the United States of Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Roem-Royen Agreement was a key initiative by the UN Commission for Indonesia on April 14, 1949.
• 😀 The negotiations took place in Jakarta, led by Merli Cochran from the US, Mohammad Roem for Indonesia, and Van Royen for the Netherlands.
• 😀 On May 7, 1949, the Roem-Royen Agreement was reached, marking a critical moment in Indonesia's path to sovereignty.
• 😀 The agreement stipulated that Indonesia would order its armed forces to stop guerrilla warfare and participate in the Round Table Conference (KMB) in The Hague.
• 😀 The goal of the KMB was to expedite the transfer of sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia without any conditions.
• 😀 The Netherlands agreed to return the Republic of Indonesia to Yogyakarta, halt military operations, and free all political prisoners.
• 😀 The Netherlands also promised not to recognize any state entities within Indonesia's territory established before December 1948.
• 😀 The Republic of Indonesia was to be a part of the United States of Indonesia after the agreement was finalized.
• 😀 After the agreement, Dutch forces withdrew from Yogyakarta, and the Indonesian National Army (TNI) entered the city, marking a significant shift.
• 😀 The event of the Dutch withdrawal and TNI's entry into Yogyakarta is known as the 'Yogya Return' (Peristiwa Yogya Kembali).
• 😀 President Soekarno and Vice President Mohammad Hatta returned to Yogyakarta on July 6, 1949, symbolizing Indonesia's return to stability.

Q & A

What is the Roem-Royen Agreement?

The Roem-Royen Agreement was a significant agreement reached between Indonesia and the Netherlands, facilitated by the United Nations Commission on Indonesia, on April 14, 1949. It aimed to halt the ongoing conflict and paved the way for Indonesia's independence.

Who were the key negotiators in the Roem-Royen Agreement?

The negotiation was led by Merli Cochran from the United States, representing the United Nations Commission. The Indonesian delegation was headed by Mohammad Roem, while the Dutch delegation was led by Van Royen.

What was the main outcome of the Roem-Royen Agreement for Indonesia?

Indonesia agreed to order its military forces to cease guerrilla warfare, and Indonesia would also participate in the Round Table Conference (KMB) in The Hague to expedite the transfer of sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia.

What did the Netherlands agree to in the Roem-Royen Agreement?

The Netherlands agreed to the return of the Republic of Indonesia to Jogjakarta, guarantee the cessation of military movements, release all political prisoners, and not establish or recognize any states within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia before December 1948.

How did the Roem-Royen Agreement impact the sovereignty of Indonesia?

The agreement helped solidify Indonesia's path to full sovereignty by laying the groundwork for Indonesia's incorporation into the United States of Indonesia, a precursor to full independence.

What happened after the Roem-Royen Agreement was signed on June 29, 1949?

After the agreement, Dutch forces withdrew from Jogjakarta, and the Indonesian National Army (TNI) entered the city, marking a pivotal moment known as the 'Yogya Return' or 'Peristiwa Yo' when President Sukarno and Vice President Mohammad Hatta returned to Jogjakarta on July 6, 1949.

What was the significance of the 'Yogya Return' event?

The 'Yogya Return' symbolized the restoration of Indonesia’s sovereignty as Indonesian leaders, including President Sukarno and Vice President Hatta, returned to Jogjakarta after the Dutch military had withdrawn.

What role did the United Nations Commission play in the Roem-Royen Agreement?

The United Nations Commission on Indonesia facilitated the negotiations and played a pivotal role in mediating between Indonesia and the Netherlands, helping to reach the Roem-Royen Agreement.

What was the importance of the Round Table Conference (KMB) mentioned in the Roem-Royen Agreement?

The Round Table Conference (KMB) was crucial for Indonesia's independence, as it was the platform where both Indonesia and the Netherlands discussed and negotiated the terms for the transfer of sovereignty to Indonesia, which ultimately led to the formation of the United States of Indonesia.

How did the Roem-Royen Agreement affect the political situation in Indonesia?

The agreement marked a turning point in Indonesia's struggle for independence. It led to the cessation of guerrilla warfare, the release of political prisoners, and the restoration of the Republic of Indonesia's leaders, setting the stage for full independence from Dutch colonial rule.