TDAH OU TOD OU TEA - COMO SABER A DIFERENÇA?

Summary

In this video, Paulinha, a child psychologist specializing in autism, clarifies the differences between Tod (Oppositional Defiant Disorder), TDH (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), and TEA (Autism Spectrum Disorder) based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. She explains the key characteristics of each condition, highlighting how they impact behavior, social interactions, and daily life. Paulinha emphasizes the importance of understanding the child’s environment, the impact of symptoms, and using evidence-based practices for accurate diagnosis and treatment. She also introduces her IANF methodology and offers resources like e-books for professionals and parents seeking further insights.

Takeaways

• 😀 The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) is crucial for diagnosing mental health conditions, providing evidence-based criteria for disorders like TOD, TDAH, and TEA.
• 😀 TOD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) involves behaviors such as frequent temper loss, irritability, defiance, and refusal to obey authority. A child must exhibit at least four of these traits for six months to be diagnosed.
• 😀 TDAH (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that disrupt social, academic, or professional life. There are three presentations: combined, predominantly inattentive, and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive.
• 😀 TEA (Autism Spectrum Disorder) includes persistent deficits in social communication and restrictive, repetitive behaviors. Diagnosis requires two or more of these patterns to be present.
• 😀 For any mental health diagnosis, the behaviors must cause significant harm or impairment in the child's life, whether socially, academically, or cognitively.
• 😀 Children can have overlapping conditions, such as both TEA and TDAH, but diagnosing each disorder requires a thorough and individualized assessment to avoid confusion.
• 😀 It is important to differentiate between a child who is simply energetic or active versus one who has a disorder like TDAH, as high energy alone doesn't constitute a diagnosis.
• 😀 The role of parents, educators, and professionals is key in shaping a child’s behavior. Over-permissiveness or lack of structure can lead to behavior that may seem disordered but is actually due to inconsistent discipline.
• 😀 Accurate diagnosis requires careful observation of the child’s behavior in different contexts, as well as input from various sources, including parents, teachers, and specialists.
• 😀 Paulinha introduces IANF methodology, a four-step process for professionals to assess and intervene with children diagnosed with disorders like TOD, TDAH, and TEA, focusing on investigation, intervention, measurement, and case closure.

Q & A

What are the key differences between TOD, TDH, and TEA in children?

TOD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) is characterized by defiant, hostile behavior toward authority. TDH (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) involves inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. TEA (Autism Spectrum Disorder) is defined by persistent deficits in communication, social interaction, and restrictive behaviors.

How is a diagnosis made for TOD, TDH, or TEA in children?

Diagnoses for TOD, TDH, and TEA are based on the specific criteria outlined in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). These criteria are evidence-based, not based on personal opinions or assumptions, and include behavioral patterns that cause significant impairment in daily activities.

What are the main symptoms of TOD in children?

Key symptoms of TOD include frequent loss of temper, irritability, defiant behavior, questioning authority, deliberately annoying others, blaming others for mistakes, and being vengeful or malicious.

What are the subtypes of TDH, and how do they differ?

TDH can manifest in three subtypes: combined (both inattention and hyperactivity), predominantly inattentive, and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive. These subtypes determine the specific focus of the disorder's symptoms.

What diagnostic criteria are used for TEA (Autism Spectrum Disorder)?

The diagnostic criteria for TEA include persistent deficits in communication and social interaction across different contexts and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests, manifesting in at least two of the specified behaviors.

How can a child with TEA exhibit behaviors similar to TOD or TDH?

A child with TEA may show behaviors like irritability or challenging authority due to difficulties in communication. For example, a non-verbal child with autism may experience frustration and exhibit anger or defiance, which could resemble TOD, but the root cause is the inability to communicate effectively.

Why is it important to avoid making assumptions about diagnoses based on external opinions?

It is essential to avoid assumptions because mental health diagnoses must be based on specific diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5, not on anecdotal or personal opinions. This ensures that the child receives an accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention.

What role do parents play in diagnosing and managing these conditions?

Parents play a critical role in setting boundaries and providing structure for their children. The behavior of a child can often be influenced by their environment, including how parents manage behaviors, which is a key factor when diagnosing and addressing conditions like TOD, TDH, or TEA.

What is the IANF methodology, and how does it help in the treatment of children with these diagnoses?

The IANF methodology is a four-stage approach: Investigation, Intervention, Measurement of Results, and Case Closure. It is designed to help professionals understand a child’s behaviors and develop appropriate therapeutic strategies based on the specific diagnosis and the child’s needs.

Can a child have more than one diagnosis, such as TOD and TDH, or TEA and TDH?

Yes, it is possible for a child to have multiple diagnoses, such as TOD and TDH, or TEA and TDH. However, each diagnosis must be carefully evaluated, as behaviors from one condition may overlap or be misinterpreted as part of another. A thorough assessment by a professional is necessary to determine the accurate diagnosis.