PALESTRAS CRF-PR: "Os Principais Erros Pré-Analíticos no Laboratório Clínico"

Summary

This video emphasizes the critical importance of proper blood sample collection and handling techniques to prevent hemolysis and ensure accurate lab results. Key practices include careful aspiration, gentle blood transfer into tubes, and avoiding extreme temperatures or shaking. The speaker stresses the need for proper training, adherence to transport protocols, and clear communication to prevent errors. By following these best practices, healthcare professionals can ensure high-quality samples, leading to reliable diagnostic results and improved patient care.

Takeaways

• 😀 Proper blood sample aspiration should be neither too fast nor too slow to avoid hemolysis.
• 😀 Avoid inserting a needle into the vacuum tube cap to prevent excessive force that may lead to hemolysis.
• 😀 Always remove the needle from the syringe before transferring blood to a tube, and transfer it gently to minimize trauma.
• 😀 Blood should be transferred along the side of the tube to avoid sudden impact, which could cause hemolysis.
• 😀 When collecting blood using a syringe, ensure the needle is well-attached to prevent air from entering, which can cause foaming and hemolysis.
• 😀 Homogenize the sample gently to avoid clotting, but avoid shaking the tube roughly as it can break cells.
• 😀 Extreme temperatures, both heat and cold, can cause hemolysis by damaging the red blood cells, so avoid exposure to direct sunlight or ice.
• 😀 Always handle primary collection tubes carefully, and avoid unnecessary transfers between tubes to prevent damage to the sample.
• 😀 During transportation, ensure blood samples are protected from shaking and impact, as this can cause hemolysis or leakage.
• 😀 Blood samples should not be centrifuged before the complete retraction of the clot to avoid premature hemolysis.
• 😀 Educate collection teams about proper blood collection techniques and transportation methods to ensure high-quality samples and accurate test results.

Q & A

What is the primary concern when using a syringe for blood sample collection?

The primary concern is to avoid hemolysis, which can occur if the blood is aspirated too quickly or too slowly. It is important to aspirate at a constant rate to prevent damage to the red blood cells.

Why should you avoid puncturing the rubber stopper of the collection tube with the syringe needle?

Puncturing the rubber stopper can create excessive pressure, causing the blood to be forced into the tube too quickly. This can lead to hemolysis, as the blood may already be under pressure after passing through a small needle.

What is the recommended method for transferring blood from a syringe to a collection tube?

The best method is to remove the syringe needle and open the collection tube. The blood should be transferred slowly along the wall of the tube to minimize turbulence and prevent hemolysis.

What are the risks of shaking the blood sample too vigorously?

Shaking the sample too aggressively can cause the red blood cells to rupture, leading to hemolysis. Instead, blood samples should be gently mixed to avoid this problem.

What is the effect of extreme temperatures on blood samples?

Extreme temperatures, such as exposing blood to direct sunlight or placing it in direct contact with ice, can cause hemolysis by damaging the red blood cells. Blood samples should be stored in stable, moderate temperatures to prevent this.

What should be considered when transporting blood samples?

Blood samples must be transported in a way that prevents shaking or impact, which can lead to hemolysis or contamination. They should also be packaged according to local regulations to ensure safety and integrity during transit.

Why is it important to allow blood to complete coagulation before centrifuging?

If blood is centrifuged before coagulation is complete, free hemoglobin or other cell debris may remain in the serum, which can cause hemolysis during the centrifugation process and affect the quality of the analysis.

What role does proper training play in preventing errors during blood sample collection?

Proper training ensures that collection teams understand the correct techniques for handling and transporting blood samples, which helps minimize errors, reduce hemolysis, and improve the accuracy of lab results.

How can hemolysis impact the final laboratory results?

Hemolysis can lead to inaccurate lab results by contaminating the plasma or serum with hemoglobin, which may interfere with certain tests, leading to false results or a need for a repeat test.

What are some key regulations to follow when transporting blood samples?

Blood samples should be transported following national and local regulations, such as RDC 20, which outlines proper packaging, labeling, and handling to prevent accidents, contamination, and ensure sample integrity.