[MEET 7] AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN - PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN TAKTIS #1

Summary

This video focuses on tactical decision-making in managerial accounting, exploring how short-term decisions can impact long-term outcomes. It covers key concepts such as relevant and irrelevant costs, as well as specific decision types like make-or-buy, keep-or-drop, special orders, and sell-or-process-further. The script illustrates these concepts through real-world examples, demonstrating how businesses analyze cost factors and qualitative considerations when making decisions. Ultimately, the video aims to help viewers understand how to make effective decisions that align with both financial and operational goals.

Takeaways

• 😀 Tactical decision-making focuses on short-term decisions with long-term impacts, such as deciding between continuing education or working after high school.
• 😀 The decision-making process involves multiple steps, starting with identifying the problem and considering alternative solutions.
• 😀 Relevant costs are future costs that will affect decision-making, while irrelevant costs do not impact the decision.
• 😀 In tactical decision-making, choosing between alternatives involves comparing relevant costs, such as production costs versus supplier costs.
• 😀 Qualitative factors should also be considered when making decisions, like the reliability and quality of suppliers, not just cost.
• 😀 In a 'Make or Buy' decision, relevant costs include production costs and purchase prices, while irrelevant costs are fixed costs that remain constant regardless of the decision.
• 😀 Fixed costs like depreciation and rent can be categorized as irrelevant when they are shared across all alternatives.
• 😀 When making a 'Make or Buy' decision, always consider both quantitative factors (cost) and qualitative factors (quality, reliability, consistency).
• 😀 For a 'Keep or Drop' decision, the company needs to analyze whether continuing production or outsourcing is more cost-effective.
• 😀 Special orders or orders with specific requirements should be analyzed by comparing the special order price against the cost of fulfilling it internally.
• 😀 The decision of whether to continue with a certain process or to sell the product as-is depends on comparing the cost of further processing with the revenue that can be generated from selling it.

Q & A

What is tactical decision-making, and how does it differ from strategic decision-making?

Tactical decision-making refers to short-term decisions that have significant long-term impacts. It contrasts with strategic decision-making, which focuses on long-term goals and planning. Tactical decisions are made to achieve immediate objectives, while strategic decisions lay the foundation for future growth.

What is an example of tactical decision-making in everyday life?

A simple example of tactical decision-making is choosing to continue education by attending college instead of starting work immediately after high school. This decision impacts future career opportunities and earning potential.

What are the steps in the process of tactical decision-making?

The steps include identifying the problem, considering possible alternatives, evaluating relevant and irrelevant costs, and then making a decision that offers the greatest benefits, considering both quantitative and qualitative factors.

What are relevant costs in decision-making, and how are they different from irrelevant costs?

Relevant costs are future costs that will impact the decision-making process, such as production costs when deciding whether to make or buy a product. Irrelevant costs, on the other hand, are past or fixed costs that do not affect the current decision, such as depreciation or allocated overhead.

What factors should be considered when evaluating a make-or-buy decision?

In a make-or-buy decision, factors to consider include the production costs (labor, materials, overhead), the price offered by suppliers, and qualitative factors such as product quality, supplier reliability, and delivery consistency.

How do relevant and irrelevant costs impact a make-or-buy decision?

Relevant costs are those that differ between making and buying the product, such as direct labor or material costs, while irrelevant costs like depreciation and fixed overhead are the same regardless of the decision and should not be considered.

Why is it important to consider qualitative factors in tactical decision-making?

Qualitative factors, such as product quality, supplier reliability, and long-term business relationships, can significantly influence the success of a decision even when the financial aspects appear clear. These factors help ensure that decisions are sustainable and aligned with broader business goals.

What is the concept of a 'keep or drop' decision in tactical decision-making?

A 'keep or drop' decision involves determining whether to continue or cease a particular product line or service. The decision is based on analyzing whether the business is able to cover its costs and generate sufficient profit, considering both quantitative (e.g., cost analysis) and qualitative factors (e.g., brand impact).

What are the different types of tactical decisions mentioned in the script?

The four types of tactical decisions mentioned are 'make or buy' (deciding whether to produce in-house or purchase from a supplier), 'keep or drop' (deciding whether to continue or discontinue a product line), 'special order' (deciding on accepting custom orders at a special price), and 'sell or process further' (deciding whether to sell a product as-is or process it further for added value).

How can a company determine whether it should accept a special order at a discounted price?

The company should analyze the relevant costs of accepting the special order, including variable costs and any additional fixed costs. The decision should be based on whether the order contributes to covering fixed costs and generating a positive contribution margin, while considering any long-term impact on pricing strategy and customer relationships.