Mengenal Rasm Utsmani (Kaidah Penulisan Al-Quran)

Summary

This video provides an in-depth explanation of the Utsmani script used in Quranic writing, highlighting its differences from standard Arabic script. It covers key principles like letter omission (Azab), letter addition (Badal), special rules for writing Hamzah, and the distinction between joining and separating words (Fasol and Wasol). The video also discusses how certain words in the Quran are written based on the most common Qira'at (recitation styles). Through examples, the video clarifies these intricate rules, emphasizing the accuracy and preservation of the Quranic text across different recitations and traditions.

Takeaways

• 😀 Quranic writing follows the Uthmani script (Rasm Uthmani), which differs from standard Arabic writing.
• 😀 The first rule, Azab, involves omitting certain letters like Alif, Waw, Ya, Lam, and Nun in Quranic writing.
• 😀 In the Uthmani script, some words may omit letters, but their meaning remains unchanged (e.g., 'waliyadini').
• 😀 The second rule, Badal, involves substituting one letter for another, such as replacing Alif with Waw or using different forms of letters in certain words.
• 😀 Quranic writing includes special rules for writing Hamzah based on its position in the word and the vowels around it.
• 😀 Hamzah can be written as Alif, Waw, or Ya depending on the vowel preceding it, as well as its position within the word.
• 😀 The principle of Fasol and Wasol governs whether two words are written together or separated, depending on the context.
• 😀 Some words in the Quran can be written in multiple ways due to differences in recitation (Qira'at).
• 😀 The most common recitation determines the written form, such as 'Maliki' being written without Alif despite the lengthened pronunciation in certain recitations.
• 😀 Specific examples, like 'Maliki' and 'Fathir', demonstrate how the script reflects the most frequent pronunciation or recitation of a word.
• 😀 Understanding these rules helps preserve the authenticity and consistency of Quranic text representation.

Q & A

What is the main difference between regular Arabic script and the Uthmani script used in the Quran?

The primary difference is that the Uthmani script follows specific rules of orthography that differ from standard Arabic script, including how certain letters are omitted, substituted, or written differently to accommodate Quranic recitation.

What does the term *azab* (elimination) refer to in Uthmani script?

*Azab* refers to the rule where certain letters, like Alif, Waw, Ya, Lam, and Nun, are omitted in the Quranic script even though they are present in standard Arabic writing. For example, 'Alkitabu' in regular Arabic has an Alif, but in the Quran, it may be omitted.

How does the *badal* (substitution) rule work in the Uthmani script?

The *badal* rule involves replacing one letter with another in the Quranic script. For example, Alif can be replaced with Waw (e.g., *assolatu*) or Ya can replace Alif in some words (e.g., *Maghfiroh*).

How is the *hamzah* (glottal stop) written differently in the Quran compared to regular Arabic?

In the Quranic script, the *hamzah* can be written as Alif at the beginning of a word, as Waw or Ya in the middle of a word based on vowel markings, and it can stand alone at the end of a word, depending on the surrounding vowel sounds.

What is meant by *fasol* and *washal* in Quranic writing?

*Fasol* refers to the separation of words in writing, while *washal* refers to connecting words. Some words are written together, while others are separated, based on the rules of recitation.

What does the rule *mafi qiroadhani* (multiple readings) mean in the context of Quranic script?

The *mafi qiroadhani* rule means that some words in the Quran can be pronounced in different ways according to various recitation traditions. The script reflects the most common reading of the word, as in the case of *Maliki* vs *Maliki* (with or without Alif).

Can you provide an example of how the *hamzah* rule is applied in the middle of a word?

In the middle of a word, the *hamzah* is written according to the vowel mark that is strongest. For example, if the *hamzah* has a Kasrah (i.e., a 'i' sound) and the previous letter has a Dhammah (i.e., a 'u' sound), the *hamzah* will be written as 'Ya' (e.g., *Alhamdulillah*).

How does the Uthmani script handle the letter *waw* in comparison to standard Arabic writing?

In Uthmani script, the *waw* can be omitted in certain cases where it appears in standard Arabic writing. For example, in words like *waliadini* (my religion), the *waw* is omitted in the Quranic script without affecting the meaning.

What is an example of *fasol* and *washal* in action in the Quran?

An example of *fasol* is when *mimma* is written as two separate words, while *washal* would have it written as one word (*fima*), demonstrating the connection or separation in writing based on recitation rules.

How do variations in the pronunciation of words affect the Uthmani script?

Variations in pronunciation, due to different recitation traditions, affect the Uthmani script in that the script reflects the most common or widely accepted reading. For example, *Maliki* is written without an Alif in most recitations, but for those that pronounce it with a longer 'a' sound, the Alif is included.