قَوَاعِدٌ مِنَ الدَّرْسِ السٌَادٕس الجَمِيْل XI (اَللُّغَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ عن نَعْتُ وَ مَنْعُوْت)

Summary

This video provides an in-depth explanation of the concept of *tawabi* in Arabic grammar, focusing on its role in modifying words within sentences. The script covers four main types of *tawabi*—*naat* (adjective), *atof* (conjunction), *ta'kid* (emphasis), and *badal* (substitution)—with a particular emphasis on *naat* and its relationship with *man'ut* (the noun being described). The video explores key grammatical rules, including agreement in gender, number, definiteness, and case between *naat* and *man'ut*, with practical examples and Quranic and Hadith references to illustrate these principles.

Takeaways

• 😀 Tawabi refers to groups of words that follow certain rules, unlike fixed terms like fa'il, mubtada, and khabar, which are absolute in their grammatical case.
• 😀 Tawabi consists of four categories: naat (adjective), atof (conjunction), taukid (emphasis), and badal (substitution).
• 😀 Naat (adjective) describes a noun (man'ut) in Arabic, where the adjective and the noun must match in gender, number, and definiteness.
• 😀 Naat and man'ut must match in gender (mudhakar or mu'annas). For example, Zaidun atwilu (Zaid, the tall) is correct when referring to a male.
• 😀 Naat and man'ut must also match in number: singular, dual, or plural. For example, 'almuslimun al-mukminun' (the Muslims who believe) for a plural form.
• 😀 The definiteness of the noun and adjective must match. If the noun is definite, the adjective must be definite, and vice versa.
• 😀 Naat and man'ut must align in grammatical case: if the noun is nominative (marfu'), the adjective must also be nominative.
• 😀 In Arabic, naat and man'ut are not full sentences, unlike mubtada and khabar, which form complete sentences.
• 😀 When using naat with singular, dual, or plural forms, specific rules must be followed for consistency in number, as seen in examples for mufrad, mutsanna, and jamak forms.
• 😀 Examples from the Quran and Hadith showcase the practical application of naat and man'ut, demonstrating their use in real-life sentences.

Q & A

What is Tawabi in the context of the script?

Tawabi refers to a group of words in a sentence that follow or are dependent on another word. The term includes four types: naat (adjective), atf (conjunction), taukid (emphasis), and badal (substitute). Tawabi words align with the grammatical form of the word they follow.

How is Tawabi different from Fa'il, Mubtada, and Khabar?

Tawabi differs in that its function is not fixed or absolute. Unlike Fa'il, Mubtada, and Khabar, which have strict grammatical requirements (e.g., Fa'il must be marfu, Mubtada and Khabar must be linked), Tawabi adjusts according to the word it follows.

What is the relationship between Naat and Man'ud?

Naat (adjective) and Man'ud (noun being described) are closely related. Naat gives an attribute to Man'ud, which is the noun. For example, in the phrase 'Zaidun atwilu' ('Zaid the tall'), 'Zaid' is Man'ud and 'atwilu' is Naat.

What is the rule regarding gender agreement between Naat and Man'ud?

Naat and Man'ud must agree in gender. If the Man'ud is masculine (mudzakar), the Naat must also be masculine. Similarly, if the Man'ud is feminine (mu'annas), the Naat must be feminine.

How should Naat and Man'ud agree in terms of number?

Naat and Man'ud should match in number. If the Man'ud is singular (mufrad), the Naat must be singular as well. If the Man'ud is dual (mutsanna) or plural (jamak), the Naat must follow suit.

What is the rule for Naat and Man'ud in terms of definiteness?

Naat and Man'ud must also match in definiteness. If the Man'ud is definite (makrifat), the Naat must also be definite. Conversely, if the Man'ud is indefinite (nakirah), the Naat must be indefinite.

How do Naat and Man'ud align with case marking (rab)?

Naat and Man'ud must match in terms of case (rab). If the Man'ud is in the nominative (marfu), the Naat must also be nominative. Similarly, if the Man'ud is accusative (mansub) or genitive (majrur), the Naat must match that case.

Can you provide an example of Naat and Man'ud agreement in a sentence?

Yes. In the sentence 'Zaidun tholibun mahirun' (Zaid is a skilled student), 'Zaid' is the Man'ud and 'mahirun' is the Naat. Both are masculine and singular.

What happens when Naat and Man'ud are in a sentence with an adjective and its noun?

When Naat and Man'ud are used together, the adjective follows the noun it describes and matches it in gender, number, and definiteness. For instance, 'Fatimatu tholibatun mahiratun' (Fatimah is a skilled student) – here, 'Fatimah' is the Man'ud and 'mahiratun' is the Naat.

What are some examples of Naat and Man'ud from the Quran or Hadith?

Examples include the verse from Surah Al-Fatihah: 'Ihdinas siratal mustaqim' (Guide us to the straight path), where 'siratal mustaqim' (the straight path) uses 'mustaqim' as a Naat describing 'sirat'. In Hadith, 'almukminul qawiyun' (the strong believer) uses 'qawiyun' (strong) as the Naat describing 'almukminul' (believer).