Percobaan Sinar Katoda JJ Thomson

Summary

The cathode ray experiment utilizes a vacuum tube containing two electrodes: anode (positive) and cathode (negative). When voltage is applied, electrons are ejected from the cathode, forming cathode rays visible on a screen at the tube's end. Applying a perpendicular magnetic field causes the cathode rays to bend, confirming they consist of negatively charged particles, later named electrons. This experiment illustrates fundamental principles of electricity and particle physics, showcasing the behavior of electrons in an electric and magnetic field.

Takeaways

• 😀 The cathode ray experiment involves a vacuum tube with two electrodes: anode (positive) and cathode (negative).
• 🔌 When voltage is applied to the tube, a phenomenon occurs where electrons are ejected from the cathode.
• ✨ The emitted electrons form what is known as cathode rays.
• 🖥️ Cathode rays can be observed on a screen placed at the end of the vacuum tube.
• 🧲 Applying a perpendicular magnetic field to the cathode rays causes them to bend.
• 🔄 This bending indicates that cathode rays consist of negatively charged particles.
• ⚡ These negatively charged particles were later named electrons.
• 🔍 The experiment demonstrates the nature of electric currents and particle behavior.
• 📏 The setup of the experiment is crucial for observing the properties of cathode rays.
• 🎓 The findings from cathode ray experiments laid foundational knowledge for future developments in physics.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the cathode ray experiment?

The main focus of the cathode ray experiment is to demonstrate the behavior of cathode rays, which are streams of electrons emitted from a negatively charged electrode (cathode) in a vacuum tube.

What are the two electrodes involved in the cathode ray experiment?

The two electrodes involved in the cathode ray experiment are the anode, which is positively charged, and the cathode, which is negatively charged.

What happens when an electric voltage is applied to the cathode ray tube?

When an electric voltage is applied to the cathode ray tube, electrons are emitted from the cathode and form what is known as cathode rays.

How can cathode rays be observed in the experiment?

Cathode rays can be observed through a screen placed at the end of the tube, where they create visible effects upon impact.

What effect does applying a transverse magnetic field have on cathode rays?

Applying a transverse magnetic field causes the cathode rays to polarize and deflect, demonstrating that they consist of negatively charged particles.

What particles are identified as constituting cathode rays?

Cathode rays are identified as consisting of electrons, which are negatively charged particles.

What does the experiment reveal about the charge of cathode rays?

The experiment reveals that cathode rays are composed of particles that carry a negative charge, specifically electrons.

Why is the vacuum necessary in the cathode ray tube?

A vacuum is necessary in the cathode ray tube to prevent air molecules from interfering with the movement of electrons, allowing for clearer observation of the cathode rays.

What conclusion can be drawn from the behavior of cathode rays in the presence of a magnetic field?

The behavior of cathode rays in the presence of a magnetic field confirms that they are indeed negatively charged particles, as they are deflected in a direction consistent with their charge.

What historical significance does the cathode ray experiment hold?

The cathode ray experiment is historically significant because it led to the discovery of the electron, fundamentally changing the understanding of atomic structure and electricity.