Sendi Sinovial dan Osteoartritis : Patofisiologi, Faktor Risiko, Radiologi Xray, Tatalaksana

Summary

The video discusses osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease primarily affecting older adults, particularly in synovial joints like the knees. It explains the normal structure of synovial joints, including the articular cartilage and synovial fluid, and details the damaging effects of osteoarthritis on these components. Key risk factors include age, obesity, and inflammation. The video highlights the imbalance between cartilage degradation and synthesis, leading to pain and reduced mobility. Diagnostic criteria and imaging techniques are outlined, alongside treatment options ranging from lifestyle modifications to surgical interventions, emphasizing the importance of early detection and management.

Takeaways

• 😀 Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease primarily affecting older individuals due to aging.
• 🦴 The disease primarily impacts synovial joints, such as the knee, which are characterized by a joint capsule and synovial fluid.
• 🩹 In osteoarthritis, the articular cartilage deteriorates, leading to increased friction and pain in the affected joints.
• ⚖️ Risk factors for osteoarthritis include age, obesity, genetics, and previous joint injuries.
• 🦵 The pathophysiology involves an imbalance between cartilage degradation and synthesis, resulting in weakened cartilage structure.
• 🔍 Diagnosis typically involves clinical criteria such as age, stiffness, and specific physical examination findings.
• 📉 Patients may experience a reduced range of motion and possible muscle atrophy due to disuse of the affected joint.
• 🩺 Imaging techniques like X-rays are essential for assessing joint changes and identifying osteophytes (bone spurs).
• 💊 Treatment options encompass non-pharmacological strategies (weight loss, physical therapy), pharmacological interventions (pain relievers, anti-inflammatories), and surgical procedures in severe cases.
• ❗ Osteoarthritis is not a systemic disease; unlike rheumatoid arthritis and gout, it does not produce systemic symptoms or inflammation.

Q & A

What is osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease primarily affecting the synovial joints, commonly occurring in older individuals due to aging.

What are synovial joints?

Synovial joints are joints that are surrounded by a joint capsule, containing synovial fluid, and are characterized by the presence of articular cartilage at the ends of the bones.

What happens to articular cartilage in osteoarthritis?

In osteoarthritis, the articular cartilage undergoes damage, leading to a loss of its function to reduce friction between bones, which results in pain and decreased mobility.

What are the main risk factors for developing osteoarthritis?

The main risk factors for osteoarthritis include age, obesity, genetic predisposition, and previous joint injuries or inflammation.

How does the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis affect cartilage?

In osteoarthritis, there is an imbalance between cartilage degradation and synthesis, resulting in increased degradation of the extracellular matrix and loss of cartilage strength.

What role do chondrocytes play in cartilage health?

Chondrocytes are the primary cells in cartilage responsible for maintaining cartilage integrity by regulating the production and degradation of the extracellular matrix.

What are the clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis?

Clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis may include joint pain, stiffness (particularly after inactivity), reduced range of motion, and the formation of osteophytes (bone spurs).

What diagnostic methods are used to identify osteoarthritis?

Diagnosis of osteoarthritis typically involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, and imaging techniques such as X-rays to assess joint space and bone changes.

What are the treatment options for osteoarthritis?

Treatment options for osteoarthritis include non-pharmacological methods such as weight management and physical therapy, pharmacological interventions like pain relief medications, and surgical options for severe cases.

How does osteoarthritis differ from rheumatoid arthritis?

Osteoarthritis is primarily a degenerative joint disease often associated with aging and overuse, whereas rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition characterized by systemic inflammation and typically affects younger individuals.