Perlawanan Mataram - Sultan Agung terhadap VOC

Summary

The script discusses the resistance of the Mataram Sultanate against the VOC (Dutch East India Company) during the reign of Sultan Agung. Sultan Agung aimed to unify Java and expel foreign powers, particularly the VOC, due to their monopolistic trade practices that harmed local merchants. The Sultan led two major attacks on Batavia, in 1628 and 1629, both of which ultimately failed due to the VOC's superior weaponry, destruction of food supplies, and the long distance from Mataram to Batavia. After Sultan Agung's death, his successor, Amangkurat I, proved weak and collaborated with the VOC, causing further unrest.

Takeaways

• 📜 Sultan Agung's reign marked Mataram's golden age, with ambitions to unite Java and expel foreign powers, including the VOC.
• ⚔️ VOC's monopoly over trade caused economic hardships for local traders and brought suffering to the people.
• 🚫 The VOC's actions hindered Mataram's trading ships and threatened the sovereignty of Java.
• 🏰 Sultan Agung launched the first attack on Batavia in 1628, but the VOC's superior weaponry forced the Mataram forces to retreat.
• 🔄 A second attack was launched in 1629, with improved preparations, including more ships and food supplies stored in Tegal and Cirebon.
• 🔥 Despite the preparations, the VOC managed to destroy Mataram’s food supplies and ships, weakening the forces.
• 😷 The second attack failed due to food shortages, disease outbreaks, and the distance between Mataram and Batavia.
• 💔 Sultan Agung’s efforts ultimately failed, partly due to the VOC’s superior weaponry and logistical challenges.
• 👑 After Sultan Agung, his successor, Amangkurat I, was weak and formed alliances with the VOC, worsening conditions in Mataram.
• ⚡ Amangkurat I’s oppressive rule led to rebellions, including the one led by Trunojoyo.

Q & A

What was Sultan Agung's main goal during his reign?

Sultan Agung's main goal was to unite the entire island of Java and expel foreign powers, including the VOC (Dutch East India Company), from the Nusantara region.

What impact did the VOC's trade monopoly have on local merchants in Mataram?

The VOC's trade monopoly caused local merchants in Mataram to experience significant decline, leading to economic hardship and suffering among the people.

Why did Sultan Agung plan an attack on Batavia?

Sultan Agung planned an attack on Batavia because of the VOC's monopolistic actions, the obstruction of Mataram's trade ships, and the VOC's refusal to recognize Mataram's sovereignty, which posed a serious threat to the future of Java.

What was the outcome of Sultan Agung's first attack on Batavia in 1628?

The first attack on Batavia in 1628 was unsuccessful. The VOC's superior weaponry and military tactics overwhelmed Sultan Agung's forces, forcing them to retreat.

How did Sultan Agung prepare for his second attack on Batavia in 1629?

For the second attack in 1629, Sultan Agung increased the number of ships and weapons, and also built rice storage facilities in places like Tegal and Cirebon to ensure sufficient food supplies for his troops.

What challenges led to the failure of Sultan Agung's second attack on Batavia?

The second attack failed due to several factors, including the VOC's destruction of Mataram's food supplies, disease outbreaks among Mataram soldiers, inadequate weaponry, and the long and exhausting distance between Mataram and Batavia.

Who succeeded Sultan Agung after his death, and how did his rule differ?

Sunan Amangkurat I succeeded Sultan Agung. His rule differed as he was considered a weak ruler who formed friendly relations with the VOC and ruled with cruelty towards the people and religious leaders.

What were some of the internal problems during Sunan Amangkurat I's reign?

During Sunan Amangkurat I's reign, there were multiple rebellions due to his authoritarian rule and oppressive treatment of the people and religious leaders. One notable rebellion was led by Trunojoyo.

Why was the distance between Mataram and Batavia a significant factor in the failure of Sultan Agung's attacks?

The great distance between Mataram and Batavia was exhausting for the Mataram troops, which weakened their defense and overall military performance, contributing to the failure of the attacks.

What was the long-term consequence of Sultan Agung's failed attacks on Batavia for Mataram?

The failure of Sultan Agung's attacks weakened Mataram's military strength and allowed the VOC to continue its influence in Java, marking the beginning of a more entrenched Dutch presence in the region.