Persebaran Zona Fauna Dunia ‼️ Australis, Ethiopian, Neartik, Neotropik, Oriental, Paleartik
Summary
TLDRThis video introduces viewers to the distribution of animal species, or fauna, across different regions of the world. It highlights how various animals have adapted to their environments and the factors that influence their distribution. The video mentions Alfred Russel Wallace's classification of global fauna into different zones, such as Australis, Ethiopian, Neartic, and others. Each zone features distinctive species like kangaroos, elephants, piranhas, and pandas. The video aims to enhance viewers' knowledge about the diversity of wildlife and encourages further exploration of unique animal facts in future episodes.
Takeaways
- 🌍 The video discusses the global distribution of fauna and how different species are spread across various regions of the world.
- 🐾 Fauna, or animal species, are diverse and widespread, with more than 1.5 million species identified globally according to Wikipedia Indonesia.
- 🌿 No place on Earth is entirely uninhabited by fauna, including remote areas like the Mariana Trench, Mount Everest, and the Amazon rainforest.
- 🌡️ The distribution of fauna is influenced by environmental factors such as climate, geography, and habitat characteristics, which shape the physiological traits of animals.
- 🇦🇺 The Australis Zone includes regions like Australia, New Zealand, Papua, and nearby islands, with species like kangaroos, koalas, kiwi, and cassowaries.
- 🌍 The Ethiopian Zone covers sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and parts of Saudi Arabia, home to animals such as African elephants, zebras, lions, and the Nile hippopotamus.
- ❄️ The Nearctic Zone, including North America and Greenland, features animals adapted to colder climates, such as bison, musk ox, and wild turkeys.
- 🦎 The Neotropical Zone encompasses South America and parts of Mexico, with diverse species like piranhas, tapirs, and monkeys.
- 🐅 The Oriental Zone covers Southeast and South Asia, where tropical rainforests support species like tigers, orangutans, and rhinoceroses.
- 🐼 The Palearctic Zone stretches across Europe, Russia, and northern Asia, with species like pandas, polar bears, and Arctic foxes.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video?
-The video focuses on the distribution and classification of fauna (animals) across different regions of the world, as well as their unique characteristics.
How many animal species have been identified worldwide according to the video?
-According to the video, more than one and a half million animal species have been identified globally, with an estimated total of around 7 million species having existed throughout history.
Who was Alfred Russel Wallace, as mentioned in the video?
-Alfred Russel Wallace was a naturalist who developed a system for classifying the distribution of animals across different regions of the world.
Which regions are included in the Australis zone?
-The Australis zone includes Australia, New Zealand, Papua in Indonesia, and surrounding islands. This zone has a tropical to temperate climate.
What are some of the characteristic animals found in the Australis zone?
-Characteristic animals in the Australis zone include kangaroos, kiwis, koalas, platypuses, cassowaries, and various birds like cockatoos and birds of paradise.
Which regions are part of the Ethiopian zone?
-The Ethiopian zone includes Africa south of the Sahara, Madagascar, and southern parts of Saudi Arabia.
What animals are typical of the Ethiopian zone?
-Typical animals in the Ethiopian zone include African elephants, rhinos, baboons, zebras, antelopes, lions, hippos, and pangolins.
What kind of climate is found in the Neartic zone?
-The Neartic zone, which covers North America, Greenland, and areas near the Arctic, has a polar climate with long winters and short summers.
What is unique about the fauna in the Neotropics zone?
-The Neotropics zone, which includes South America and parts of Mexico, is home to highly diverse vertebrates such as piranhas, electric eels, llamas, tapirs, and monkeys.
What is the general climate and fauna found in the Paleartic zone?
-The Paleartic zone, which includes most of Europe, Russia, and parts of Africa and Asia, has diverse climates ranging from polar to temperate. Characteristic animals include pandas, polar bears, reindeer, and various species of deer and canines.
Outlines
🌍 Introduction to Fauna Distribution Across the World
The video begins by welcoming viewers and introducing the main topic: the distribution of animals (fauna) around the world. It emphasizes the diversity of life on Earth, with animals being a major component of living species. According to Wikipedia Indonesia, over 1.5 million species of animals have been identified, with an estimated 7 million having lived on Earth throughout history. Fauna can be found in almost every corner of the planet, even in the most remote places like the Mariana Trench, Everest, or the Amazon rainforest. The discussion highlights that many areas remain unexplored due to technological limitations, leaving numerous mysteries about Earth's wildlife unsolved. The adaptability of animals to their environments is a key factor in their survival and reproduction.
🌏 Australasian Fauna Zone
The first animal distribution zone introduced is the Australasian zone, which includes Australia, New Zealand, Papua in Indonesia, and nearby islands. This region has a tropical climate with distinct dry and rainy seasons, while some areas experience temperate climates. Notable animals in this zone include marsupials like kangaroos and koalas, along with unique birds like the kiwi, cassowary, and cockatoo. The region also hosts reptiles such as crocodiles, turtles, and pythons. The Australasian fauna zone is highlighted for its rich and distinct wildlife.
🌍 Ethiopian Fauna Zone
Next is the Ethiopian zone, encompassing Africa south of the Sahara Desert, Madagascar, and parts of southern Saudi Arabia. This zone features tropical rainforests, arid climates, and warm rain seasons. Iconic animals in this region include the African elephant, African rhino, baboon, zebra, antelope, and lion. Endemic species like the hippopotamus (found in the Nile River and Madagascar) are also noted. Additionally, the Ethiopian zone shares some fauna with the Oriental region, such as cats, squirrels, bats, and dogs.
❄️ Nearctic Fauna Zone
The Nearctic zone covers North America, including the United States, northern regions like Greenland, and parts of the Arctic. This region experiences a polar climate with long winters and short summers. Notable animals include the wild turkey, pocket mice, bison, muskox, and mountain sheep. Some species overlap with the Palearctic region, such as rabbits, dogs, cats, and squirrels. The harsh climate shapes the region’s unique wildlife.
🌴 Neotropical Fauna Zone
The Neotropical zone spans South America and parts of Mexico, featuring mostly tropical climates with some temperate areas in the south. Endemic animals in this region include the piranha and electric eel of the Amazon River, as well as llamas in the Atacama Desert. Other unique species include the tapir and the red-nosed monkey. This zone is renowned for its rich diversity of vertebrate species, including monkeys, armadillos, reptiles like crocodiles and snakes, birds, and vampire bats.
🌿 Oriental Fauna Zone
The Oriental zone includes Southeast Asia, South Asia, and parts of western Indonesia. This region is characterized by a tropical climate with extensive rainforests. The video mentions iconic animals such as tigers, orangutans, gibbons, deer, banteng, and the one- and two-horned rhinoceros. Various species of reptiles, freshwater, and marine fish are also present. This region shares some fauna with the Ethiopian zone, including cats, dogs, monkeys, elephants, and rhinoceroses.
🐼 Palearctic Fauna Zone
The Palearctic zone is vast, covering almost all of Europe, Russia, the Arctic region, the Himalayas, and parts of northern Africa. Key species include the giant panda in China, camels in North Africa, and Arctic animals like reindeer, polar bears, and Arctic foxes. Other animals like rabbits, various species of dogs, bats, squirrels, and deer also inhabit the region. The Palearctic fauna zone encompasses a wide variety of climates, influencing the diverse range of animals found here.
📚 Conclusion: Fauna Classification and Exploration
The video concludes by summarizing the global classification of animal distribution zones as outlined by Alfred Russel Wallace. These classifications offer a broad overview of the fauna across different regions of the world. The video promises to explore the unique characteristics and facts about these animals in more detail in future videos, encouraging viewers to continue learning about the diverse fauna that inhabit our planet.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Fauna
💡Adaptation
💡Alfred Russel Wallace
💡Biogeographic Zones
💡Australis Zone
💡Ethiopian Zone
💡Neotropic Zone
💡Oriental Zone
💡Paleartic Zone
💡Habitat
Highlights
Introduction to the channel 'Lensa Bumi' providing knowledge about the distribution of fauna across the world.
More than 1.5 million living species of fauna have been identified worldwide, with around 7 million species believed to have existed historically.
Fauna are found in nearly every corner of the Earth, including remote regions like the Mariana Trench, Mount Everest, and the Amazon.
The distribution of fauna is influenced by natural factors such as climate, environment, and habitat conditions.
Alfred Russel Wallace's classification of fauna into different zones based on geography and climate.
The Australis zone covers Australia, New Zealand, Papua, and surrounding islands, characterized by tropical and temperate climates.
Typical fauna of the Australis zone include kangaroos, kiwis, koalas, platypuses, and unique bird species like the cassowary and cockatoo.
The Ethiopian zone includes regions like Africa south of the Sahara, Madagascar, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula, with a tropical to warm climate.
Characteristic animals of the Ethiopian zone include African elephants, rhinos, baboons, zebras, lions, and endemic species like the Nile hippopotamus.
The Neartic zone covers North America, Greenland, and areas near the North Pole, characterized by a polar climate with extended winters.
Fauna of the Neartic zone include wild turkeys, bison, muskoxen, and mountain sheep, along with some species shared with the Paleartic zone.
The Neotropic zone spans South America and parts of Mexico, known for its tropical climate and high biodiversity.
Endemic fauna of the Neotropic zone include piranhas, electric eels, tapirs, red-nosed monkeys, and a variety of reptiles and vertebrates.
The Oriental zone encompasses Southeast Asia, South Asia, and parts of Indonesia, marked by a tropical climate and rainforests.
Characteristic fauna of the Oriental zone include tigers, orangutans, gibbons, rhinos, elephants, and a wide variety of reptiles and birds.
Transcripts
[Musik]
[Musik]
Halo teman-teman selamat datang di
channel lensa bumi pada video kali ini
teman-teman akan mendapatkan informasi
dan pengetahuan mengenai sebaran satwa
satwa atau fauna dari seluruh dunia
Semoga teman-teman bisa lebih mengenal
mereka dan menambah wawasan teman-teman
semuanya
bumi ini menyajikan hamparan alam luas
yang tentunya dihuni oleh berbagai jenis
makhluk hidup dengan banyak spesies
salah satunya adalah fauna fauna sendiri
adalah salah satu jenis makhluk hidup
yang paling banyak memiliki spesies
setelah flora atau tumbuhan menurut
Wikipedia Indonesia lebih dari satu
setengah juta spesies fauna yang masih
hidup telah diidentifikasi di dunia ini
sedangkan secara keseluruhan ada sekitar
7 juta spesies fauna yang pernah hidup
di dunia ini sejak zaman dahulu seluruh
Spesies ini memiliki karakteristik
masing-masing dan tersebar di seluruh
dunia
hampir tidak ada satu sudut terkecil pun
di bumi ini yang benar-benar kosong atau
tidak berpenghuni bahkan Pulau terpencil
sekalipun setidaknya daerah terpencil
seperti Palung terdalam Mariana dataran
tertinggi Everest ataupun hutan terganas
Amazon sekalipun yang notabene masih
terbatas untuk dijangkau oleh manusia
pasti ada hewan asli yang berhabitat di
sana namun memang ada beberapa tempat
yang belum sanggup dijamah bahkan dengan
teknologi manusia tercanggih yang ada
saat ini sehingga para ilmuwan
berkesimpulan bumi ini masih menyimpan
banyak misteri
jenis fauna yang mendiami sebuah wilayah
tentu sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi
alam Karakteristik wilayah iklim atau
Cuaca dan banyak lagi faktor-faktor
lingkungan di wilayah tersebut karena
fauna sendiri akan beradaptasi dengan
lingkungan atau habitatnya untuk dapat
bertahan hidup dan berkembang biak
kondisi fisiologi fauna pun sangat
dipengaruhi oleh kondisi habitatnya dan
di video kali ini kita akan mengulas
pengelompokan atau klasifikasi
hewan-hewan di berbagai belahan dunia
yang pertama kali dicetuskan oleh Alfred
Russel Wallace
zona australis wilayah yang termasuk
pada zona ini terdiri atas Benua
Australia seluruhnya Selandia Baru Papua
di Indonesia dan pulau-pulau lain di
sekitarnya Iklim di wilayah yang
termasuk dalam zona ini cenderung
beriklim tropis dengan musim kemarau dan
musim hujan serta sebagian lagi beriklim
sedang beberapa jenis hewan pada zona
atau wilayah australis seperti kanguru
kiwi koala dan platipus terdapat juga
beberapa jenis burung yang khas seperti
burung cendrawasih Kasuari dan kakatua
Kemudian untuk gugusan reptil dapat
ditemukan Hewan seperti buaya kura-kura
dan ular piton
zona Ethiopian wilayah atau
negara-negara yang termasuk di dalam
zona ini mencakup Benua Afrika dari
sebelah selatan Gurun Sahara Madagaskar
dan selatan Saudi Arabia negara-negara
yang masuk ke zona ini memiliki iklim
hujan tropis iklim kering dan iklim
hujan yang bersuhu hangat untuk hewan
khas yang berhabitat di wilayah ini
seperti gajah Afrika badak Afrika babon
serta mamalia padang rumput seperti
zebra antelop singa dan mamalia pemakan
serangga yaitu trenggiling mamalia
endemik di wilayah ini merupakan kuda
nil yang hanya terdapat di sungai Nil di
negara Mesir sebenarnya dimana gaskar
juga terdapat kuda nil namun berukuran
lebih kecil wilayah Ethiopian juga
memiliki hewan yang hampir sama dengan
wilayah oriental seperti golongan kucing
Bajing kelelawar dan anjing
zona neartik wilayah penyebaran dari
zona neartik ini meliputi daerah Amerika
Serikat Amerika Utara dekat kutub utara
dan Greenland di zona ini cenderung
beriklim kutub yang musim dinginnya jauh
lebih lama dari musim panasnya hewan
khas daerah ini merupakan kalkun liar
tikus berkantung Byson muskok dan domba
gunung di daerah ini juga terdapat
beberapa jenis hewan yang Aci di wilayah
paleartik seperti kelinci anjing kucing
dan bajing
zona neotropik wilayah persebarannya
meliputi daerah Amerika Selatan dan
beberapa bagian Meksiko
iklim di beberapa wilayah cenderung
tropis sedangkan di bagian selatan
sendiri beriklim sedang hewan endemiknya
adalah ikan piranha dan belut listrik
yang berhabitat di sungai Amazon lama
atau sejenis unta berhabitat di padang
pasir atacama di negara Peru ada juga
tapir dan kera hidung merah yang menjadi
ciri khas wilayah dari zona ini
neutropical sangat terkenal sebagai
wilayah fauna vertebrata karena jenisnya
yang sangat beragam dan spesifik seperti
beberapa jenis monyet trenggiling
beberapa jenis reptil seperti buaya ular
kadal beberapa spesies burung dan
sejenis kelelawar penghisap darah
zona oriental zona oriental tersebar di
wilayah Asia Tenggara dan Asia Selatan
fauna Indonesia yang masuk di wilayah
ini hanya yang berhabitat di Indonesia
bagian barat di zona ini mempunyai
karakteristik iklim yang tropis sehingga
banyak juga dijumpai hutan hujan tropis
di daerah-daerah zona ini hewan yang
khas di wilayah ini adalah harimau
orangutan gibbon rusa banteng badak
bercula satu badak bercula dua gajah
antelop serta berbagai jenis reptil
seperti buaya dan ular terdapat juga
beberapa Spesies ikan air laut dan tawar
keadaan jenis hewan yang hampir sama
dengan wilayah Ethiopian diantaranya
kucing anjing monyet gajah badak dan
harimau
zona paleartik wilayah persebarannya
sangat luas meliputi hampir seluruh
benua Eropa Rusia daerah sekitar kutub
utara sampai Pegunungan Himalaya
kepulauan Inggris di Eropa Barat hingga
Jepang dan Benua Afrika paling utara
beberapa jenis fauna paleartik yaitu
Panda di China unta di Afrika Utara
binatang kutub Seperti Rusa kucing kutub
dan beruang kutub binatang lain yang
juga mendiami wilayah ini diantaranya
kelinci berbagai spesies anjing
kelelawar Bajing hingga Kijang yang
telah menyebar ke wilayah lain
Nah itulah sebaran fauna di berbagai
belahan dunia yang telah
diklasifikasikan oleh para ilmuwan
sehingga teman-teman dapat lebih mudah
dalam mempelajarinya
pembagian sebaran yang disampaikan oleh
Alfred Russel Wallace tadi tentunya
masih menggambarkan keadaan fauna dunia
secara garis besar dan belum mendetail
untuk mempelajari fakta-fakta dan
keunikan hewan-hewan dari seluruh dunia
yang lebih mendetail dan menarik lagi
kita akan membahasnya pada video-video
selanjutnya Sampai berjumpa lagi jaga
kesehatan jaga semangat dan teruslah
belajar
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