Tipe Fauna yang Ada di Indonesia - Fauna Asiatis | Peralihan | Australis - Garis Wallace dan Weber

Summary

This educational video explores the diverse fauna in Indonesia, influenced by the Wallace and Weber lines, which divide the country's wildlife into three regions: Asiatic, transitional, and Australasian. The video delves into each region's unique species, including the Asiatic tigers and elephants of Sumatra, the transitional anoa and babirusa of Sulawesi, and the Australasian kangaroos and cassowaries of Papua. The video also highlights endangered species like the Sumatran tiger, orangutan, and Komodo dragon, emphasizing the importance of wildlife conservation efforts in Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Indonesia's fauna is influenced by the Wallace and Weber lines, which divide the animal species into Asiatic, transitional, and Australasian types.
• ✍️ The Wallace Line separates the flora and fauna of western and central Indonesia, running between Kalimantan and Sulawesi, and between Bali and Lombok.
• 🧑‍🔬 The Weber Line divides the central and eastern regions of Indonesia, starting from the Maluku Islands and extending to the Sahul Shelf and eastern Nusa Tenggara.
• 🐅 Asiatic fauna includes large mammals such as the Sumatran tiger, Sumatran elephants, and various primates like orangutans and siamang in Sumatra and Kalimantan.
• 🐦 Notable bird species in Java include the Javan hawk-eagle, green peafowl, and endangered species like the Javan rhinoceros.
• 🦁 Sulawesi's transitional fauna is home to unique species like the anoa, babirusa, maleo bird, and the black crested macaque.
• 🦎 Nusa Tenggara's wildlife includes the Komodo dragon, the world’s largest lizard, and other species like the Timor deer and Sumbawa horses.
• 🦘 Australasian fauna, found in Papua and Maluku, includes colorful bird species like the cassowary, birds of paradise, and mammals like tree kangaroos and possums.
• 🦧 Many endemic species in Indonesia are endangered, such as the orangutan, Sumatran tiger, Komodo dragon, Javan rhinoceros, and anoa.
• 🌳 Conservation efforts in Indonesia include establishing wildlife reserves, protected forests, and breeding programs to preserve endangered species.

Q & A

What are the three types of fauna found in Indonesia?

The fauna in Indonesia is divided into three types: Asiatic fauna, transitional fauna, and Australasian fauna. This division is influenced by the Wallace and Weber lines.

What is the Wallace Line?

The Wallace Line is an imaginary line that separates the flora and fauna of western Indonesia from central Indonesia. It starts from the northern tip of Kalimantan and Sulawesi and runs south through the Makassar Strait, passing between Bali and Lombok.

What is the Weber Line?

The Weber Line is an imaginary line that separates the flora and fauna of central Indonesia from eastern Indonesia. It stretches from the northern tip of the Maluku Islands to the eastern part of the Sahul Shelf and the eastern side of East Nusa Tenggara.

Who were Wallace and Weber?

Alfred Russel Wallace was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist known for developing the theory of evolution by natural selection. Max Carl Wilhelm Weber was a German-Dutch zoologist and biotechnologist.

What are the characteristics of Asiatic fauna in Indonesia?

Asiatic fauna in Indonesia are characterized by a high number of large mammals, few marsupials, many freshwater fish species, a variety of primates, and many songbirds. This fauna is found in Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Kalimantan.

What are some examples of Asiatic fauna in Sumatra?

Examples of Asiatic fauna in Sumatra include the Sumatran tiger, turtles, deer, Sumatran elephants, and birds like the Nias mynah. Primates such as the siamang, orangutans, and slow lorises also inhabit the island.

What animals are found in the transitional fauna region of Sulawesi?

In Sulawesi, the transitional fauna includes the anoa, babirusa, tarsiers, black macaques, and birds like the maleo and the Sulawesi hornbill. Sulawesi also hosts marine species such as the dugong.

What distinguishes Australasian fauna from other fauna types?

Australasian fauna typically includes smaller mammals, many marsupials, fewer freshwater fish species, and colorful bird species. It is primarily found in Papua, Maluku, and nearby regions.

What are some unique species found in Papua under the Australasian fauna?

In Papua, unique species include birds like the cassowary, birds of paradise, and cockatoos, along with reptiles like the green python, and mammals like the wallaby and the cuscus.

How can we protect endangered fauna in Indonesia?

To protect endangered fauna in Indonesia, steps can be taken like establishing wildlife reserves, creating protected forests, and developing breeding centers to help conserve species like the orangutan, Sumatran tiger, Komodo dragon, and Javan rhinoceros.