Tipe Flora yang Ada di Indonesia - Flora Asiatis | Peralihan | Australis - Garis Wallace dan Weber
Summary
TLDRIn this video, Cawan Belajar Online explains the different types of flora found in Indonesia, classified into Asiatic, Transitional, and Australasian categories based on Wallace and Weber's geographic divisions. The video provides examples of various plants across regions like Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Papua. Each flora type has distinct characteristics such as tropical rainforests, endemic species, and unique vegetation. Viewers also learn about notable national parks and specific plant species that define the Indonesian landscape. The video is both educational and engaging, encouraging viewers to explore Indonesia's rich biodiversity.
Takeaways
- 🌿 Indonesia's flora is divided into three types: Asiatis, Transition (Peralihan), and Australis, separated by Wallace and Weber lines.
- 🌍 Alfred Russel Wallace and Max Weber were influential in identifying biogeographical boundaries that separate species distributions in Indonesia.
- 🌳 Asiatis flora is characterized by tropical rainforests, large plants, broad leaves, and diversity, commonly found in Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan.
- 🌺 In Sumatra, notable plants include the Rafflesia Arnoldi, strangler fig, black orchids, and giant corpse flowers.
- 🏞 Sumatra also hosts three famous national parks: Gunung Leuser, Kerinci Seblat, and Bukit Barisan, which protect flora and fauna.
- 🍂 Kalimantan is known for its durian, black orchids, and endangered Tengkawang tree, along with the Tenggaring fruit, unique to Central Kalimantan.
- 🌾 Transition (Peralihan) flora is small in size, with species adapted to dry environments like savannas and steppes, found in Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Timor, and Maluku.
- 🌲 Sulawesi features Ebony wood and Cempaka trees, which are valuable for furniture, along with endemic plants like orchids and Lontar.
- 🌺 Australis flora is less diverse, with species like Matoa and Sago palms, and is commonly found in Maluku and Papua, known for spices like cinnamon and cloves.
- 🌴 Papua is home to endemic plants like Sago palms, Matoa, eucalyptus (Kayu Putih), and the famous red fruit, with many species of orchids.
Q & A
What are the three types of flora found in Indonesia?
-The three types of flora in Indonesia are Asiatis, Peralihan (Transitional), and Australis, each separated by the Wallace and Weber lines.
Who were Alfred Russel Wallace and Max Carl Wilhelm Weber?
-Alfred Russel Wallace was a British naturalist, anthropologist, and biologist known for co-developing the theory of evolution by natural selection. Max Carl Wilhelm Weber was a zoologist and biotechnologist of German-Dutch descent, known for his work on the flora and fauna of Indonesia.
What are the characteristics of Asiatis flora?
-Asiatis flora is characterized by large tropical rainforests, broad-leaved plants, and giant plants such as pine and mahogany. It is diverse and primarily found in Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan.
What notable flora can be found on the island of Sumatra?
-Notable flora in Sumatra includes the orchid, strangling fig, giant Rafflesia Arnoldi, black pine, meranti, mahogany, and rattan.
Which national parks in Sumatra are known for protecting flora and fauna?
-Three well-known national parks in Sumatra are Gunung Leuser National Park, Kerinci Seblat National Park, and Bukit Barisan National Park.
What unique flora can be found on the island of Kalimantan?
-Unique flora in Kalimantan includes the durian, black orchid, tengkawang tree, and tenggaring, a fruit resembling rambutan.
What are the key characteristics of flora in the Peralihan (Transitional) region?
-Flora in the Peralihan region has smaller leaves and plants, mostly forms savanna, steppes, mixed forests, and mountain forests. It is found in Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Timor, and Maluku.
What is a significant plant species found in Sulawesi's flora?
-A significant plant species in Sulawesi is the Eboni tree, also known as black wood, which is highly valued for furniture due to its durability.
What are the characteristics of Australis flora in Indonesia?
-Australis flora in Indonesia includes fewer meranti species, no rotan plants, many sago plants, and long parallel leaves. It is mainly found in Maluku and Papua.
What notable flora can be found in Papua?
-Notable flora in Papua includes sago, matoa (endemic to Papua), eucalyptus (kayuw putih), black orchid, bintangur, and red fruit.
Outlines
🌿 Overview of Flora in Indonesia
The video begins by introducing the topic of flora in Indonesia, mentioning that previously, fauna types were discussed. The flora in Indonesia is divided into three distinct categories based on Wallace and Weber's demarcation: Asiatic, Transitional, and Australasian flora. A brief introduction is provided for Alfred Russel Wallace and Max Wilhelm Weber, highlighting their contributions as naturalists and zoologists, respectively. The script then transitions into explaining the characteristics of Asiatic flora, which include tropical rainforests, broad leaves, and large-sized plants, and can be found mainly in Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan. Sumatra’s flora includes unique species like Rafflesia Arnoldii, giant corpse flowers, and the famous national parks of Gunung Leuser, Kerinci Seblat, and Bukit Barisan, which protect many of these flora species. Kalimantan is known for durian, the endangered Tenggaring, and the Kalimantan black orchid. In Java, popular flora species include Cempaka, Sawo Kecik, and Mahogany.
🏞️ Flora of the Transitional Region
This section discusses the flora of the Transitional region, found primarily in Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Timor, and Maluku. It describes the distinct characteristics of transitional flora, which include small leaves and plants adapted to dry conditions. The region is known for its unique vegetation like savannas, steppes, and montane forests. In Sulawesi, flora like the Ebony tree (often used in furniture), and the Cempaka tree are highlighted, along with endemic species like Anggrek Serat and Long Usei. The Nusa Tenggara region is famous for its valuable Santalum (sandalwood), Agarwood, and the medicinal Kemiri (candlenut). These plants are often used in cosmetics and traditional medicines, reflecting their economic and cultural importance.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Wallace Line
💡Weber Line
💡Asiatic Flora
💡Transitional Flora
💡Australis Flora
💡Tropical Rainforest
💡Rafflesia Arnoldi
💡Endemic Species
💡Savanna
💡Sago
Highlights
Introduction to Indonesian flora divided into Asiatis, Peralihan, and Australis based on the Wallace and Weber lines.
Explanation of Alfred Russel Wallace, a naturalist who contributed to the theory of evolution, and Max Weber, a zoologist and biotechnologist.
Characteristics of Asiatis flora: tropical rainforests, large-leaf plants, diverse vegetation, found in Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan.
Notable flora in Sumatra includes Rafflesia Arnoldi, the world's largest flower, and other giant plants such as the corpse flower and Meranti.
Three significant national parks in Sumatra: Gunung Leuser, Kerinci Seblat, and Bukit Barisan, protect unique flora and fauna.
Kalimantan's unique flora includes the endangered Tengkawang tree and the Black Orchid, representing the biodiversity of Borneo.
Javanese flora features important species like Cempaka, Gandaria, Jati, and Mahoni trees.
Introduction to the Peralihan flora zone, found in Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Timor, and Maluku, known for its smaller plants and mixed forests.
Sulawesi’s notable flora includes Ebony (a valuable hardwood) and Cempaka Hutan Kasar, a rare endemic species.
Nusa Tenggara is home to Sandlewood, Gaharu, and Kemiri, important for perfume and cosmetic production.
Characteristics of Australis flora: fewer Meranti trees, no rotan, abundant Sagu palms, and parallel leaf plants, primarily found in Papua and Maluku.
Maluku’s flora is rich in spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves, along with endemic species like the Larat Orchid.
Papua’s diverse flora includes endemic species like the Red Fruit, Matoa, and Black Orchid, crucial to local ecosystems.
Endemic flora of Papua also includes valuable resources like Eucalyptus (Kayu Putih) and the Damar tree.
Conclusion encouraging viewers to appreciate the diversity of Indonesian flora and thanking them for watching the video.
Transcripts
Halo semuanya kembali lagi bersama Cawan Belajar Online ya! Sebelumnya kita sudah
pernah membahas tentang tipe-tipe fauna yang ada di Indonesia beserta contohnya. lLalu sekarang
kita akan membahas tipe-tipe flora yang ada di Indonesia loh yuk langsung aja kita mulai!
Flora di Indonesia juga terbagi menjadi tiga bagian yang dipisahkan oleh garis Wallace
dan Weber sehingga flora di Indonesia terbagi menjadi flora Asiatis, Peralihan dan Australis.
Nah bagi yang belum tahu siapa itu Wales dan Weber berikut informasinya
Alfred Russel Wallace merupakan naturalis sekaligus penjelajah geografi antropolog
biolog dan ilustrator berkebangsaan Inggris. Beliau jugalah yang Mencetuskan teori evolusi
lewat seleksi alam lho sobat sedangkan Max film Core weber merupakan seorang
ilmuwan ahli ilmu hewan atau zoologis dan bioteknologi berkebangsaan Jerman Belanda
Nah sekarang kita mulai dengan flora Asiatis. Flora Asiatis memiliki
ciri-ciri sebagai berikut yang pertama: terdapat banyak hutan hujan tropis,
memiliki daun yang lebar dan lebar , banyak tumbuhan raksasa yang berukuran besar, banyak
terdapat pinus dan mahoni, bersifat heterogenik atau memiliki berbagai macam tumbuh-tumbuhan,
dan biasanya terdapat di pulau Sumatera Jawa dan Kalimantan
Sekarang ayo kita ke flora Asiatis di pulau Sumatera
nah di pulau Sumatera ini terdapat berbagai flora seperti Anggrek pohon ara pacekkan atau
beringin pencekik Lalu ada pula kantong semar Padma raksasa atau Raflesia Arnoldi
dan tanaman payung daun besar selanjutnya ada juga Bunga bangkai raksasa
pinus dan bunga bangkai Jangkung Lalu ada juga keruing Meranti
mahoni dan rotan juga loh sobat
nah di pulau Sumatera juga terdapat tiga Taman Nasional terkenal yang
melindungi berbagai flora dan fauna loh antara lain Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser
Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat dan taman nasional Bukit Barisan
selanjutnya Ayo kita ke pulau Kalimantan
di Kalimantan terdapat durian Anggang merambang dan mangga Katsuri ada juga pohon tengkawang
Tungkul pohon ini sudah langka karena banyak orang yang menebang pohon ini untuk diambil
kayunya sebagai bahan bangunan lo sobat Lalu ada anggrek hitam Kalimantan dan juga tenggaring
yang kalau sobat lihat sekilas mirip dengan buah rambutan ya tetapi rasa penggaring ini lebih masam
tenggaring juga merupakan identitas Kalimantan Tengah lho sobat
yuk selanjutnya kita ke pulau Jawa
di pulau Jawa terdapat bunga cempaka sawo kecik couple Gandaria Jati dan bayur
Nah sekarang kita akan membahas flora peralihan di sobat ciri-cirinya adalah
memiliki ukuran daun yang kecil tumbuhan berukuran kecil memiliki daun yang pendek
hanya tumbuh di Indonesia dan terdapat di pulau Sulawesi Nusa Tenggara Pulau Timor dan Maluku
nah Selain itu flora peralihan Ini kebanyakan berbentuk Sabana
stepa hutan campuran dan hutan pegunungan losobat
sekarang ayo kita lihat flora peralihan di pulau Sulawesi
di sini ada pohon Eboni atau yang sering disebut juga pohon kayu hitam pohon ini sering digunakan
untuk mebel dan perabotan serta disebut sebagai bahan kayu yang paling mahal dan awet loh sobat
Lalu ada juga Cempaka hutan kasar yang merupakan
flora endemik khas Sulawesi dan ada juga anggrek serat
ada juga long usei atau yang masih berkerabat dekat dengan beringin Lontar dan gufasa
selanjutnya Ayo kita ke Pulau Nusa Tenggara
di sini ada cendana agen kelincung dan gaharu loh sobat gaharu ini yang merupakan golongan
minyak atsiri dan memiliki bau yang khas sehingga sering sekali dijadikan
bahan baku pembuatan kosmetik dupa pengawet hingga parfum losabat Lalu ada juga kemiri
Nah sekarang kita ke flora Australis flora Australis memiliki ciri-ciri yaitu terdapat
sedikit tumbuhan jenis meranti tidak terdapat tumbuhan jenis rotan terdapat berbagai tumbuhan
matoa khususnya di Papua banyak jenis tumbuhan sagu memiliki daun yang paralel berdaun panjang
banyak terdapat jenis hutan yang mirip dengan daerah barat dan peralihan lalu
biasanya terdapat di pulau maluku dan Papua
Nah sekarang yuk kita lihat Apa saja flora Australis di kepulauan Maluku
di sini banyak juga terdapat rempah-rempah lo sobat Seperti kayu manis pala dan vanili
ada juga cengkeh yang juga rempah-rempah
anggrek larat dan Toren juga merupakan flora endemik kepulauan Maluku lo sobat
sekarang Ayo kita ke Pulau Papua ya sobat
di sini ada sagu Matoa yang merupakan flora endemik Papua
kayu putih atau yang dikenal dengan eukaliptus
atau pohon damar Selain itu ada juga anggrek hitam Papua bintangur dan buah merah Papua
Nah sekarang kita sudah tahu nih sobat apa saja flora yang termasuk dalam tipe
asiatis peralihan dan australis kita juga udah tahu bagaimana ciri-ciri dan contoh
flora dari tipe asiatis peralihan dan australis yang ada di Indonesia
Terima kasih sudah menyaksikan video kali ini semoga bermanfaat bagi kita semua ya
sobat jangan lupa untuk like komen dan subscribe sampai jumpa di video berikutnya
تصفح المزيد من مقاطع الفيديو ذات الصلة
Tipe Fauna yang Ada di Indonesia - Fauna Asiatis | Peralihan | Australis - Garis Wallace dan Weber
BIO 1 6: Penyebaran Fauna di Indonesia
Biomes of the World for Children: Oceans, Mountains, Grassland, Rainforest, Desert - FreeSchool
Keragaman Hayati, bag 2 (Sebaran Bioma di Dunia) #kumer
WHAT IS A BIOME? - Enviromental Science - CATEGORIES OF BIOMES
Melihat Kekayaan Alam Indonesia: Flora dan Fauna yang Ajaib dan Unik
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)